2023 Vol. 44 Issue 6
2023 Vol. 44, No. 6 Catalogue
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2023, 44(6): 1-6.
doi: 10.12172/202303060002
Abstract:
Based on the literature, this paper reveals the hotspots and trend analysis of Phellodendron research. The literatures of academic journals from 1959 to 2021 were searched on CNKI with “Huang Bai (Phellodendron)” as the key word, and the literatures were analyzed with the visual statistics of CNKI and CiteSpace software. The results showed that: (1) There were three stages in the research literature of Phellodendron in the past 60 years: germination stage, rapid growth stage and decline stage. From 1959 to 1997, the research literature of Phellodendron was in the germination stage, with an average number of articles below 10, and even the number was zero in many years. From 1998 to 2007, it was the rapid growth stage, and the number of articles published increased rapidly, reaching the peak of 57 articles in 2007. From 2008 to 2021, the number of published articles decreased year by year, with the lowest value reaching 22, but the number was still higher than that of the first stage. (2) The research level of Phellodendron was higher than other fields, with emphasis on traditional Chinese pharmacology and traditional Chinese medicine. (3) Currently, the current research focus of Phellodendron was its medicinal value and medicinal components, and the future research trend would focus on the development and utilization of quality on the basis of medicinal value. The single development and utilization model of Phellodendron can easily lead to a short development, which would restrict the research progress of Phellodendron.
Based on the literature, this paper reveals the hotspots and trend analysis of Phellodendron research. The literatures of academic journals from 1959 to 2021 were searched on CNKI with “Huang Bai (Phellodendron)” as the key word, and the literatures were analyzed with the visual statistics of CNKI and CiteSpace software. The results showed that: (1) There were three stages in the research literature of Phellodendron in the past 60 years: germination stage, rapid growth stage and decline stage. From 1959 to 1997, the research literature of Phellodendron was in the germination stage, with an average number of articles below 10, and even the number was zero in many years. From 1998 to 2007, it was the rapid growth stage, and the number of articles published increased rapidly, reaching the peak of 57 articles in 2007. From 2008 to 2021, the number of published articles decreased year by year, with the lowest value reaching 22, but the number was still higher than that of the first stage. (2) The research level of Phellodendron was higher than other fields, with emphasis on traditional Chinese pharmacology and traditional Chinese medicine. (3) Currently, the current research focus of Phellodendron was its medicinal value and medicinal components, and the future research trend would focus on the development and utilization of quality on the basis of medicinal value. The single development and utilization model of Phellodendron can easily lead to a short development, which would restrict the research progress of Phellodendron.
2023, 44(6): 7-13.
doi: 10.12172/202303270002
Abstract:
The response of forest ecosystems to global climate change has always been a concern. Since the middle of the 20th century, the abnormal decrease in forest growth index and temperature sensitivity have been observed in the records of tree ring width and density in many high-latitude and high-altitude areas, which is also known as the "divergence problem". The "divergence problem" has a significant impact on forest ecosystem and the reconstruction of tree-ring paleoclimate. This article reviews the literature reports on the "divergence problem" at home and abroad, starting from the discovery of the divergence problem (including the location of the divergence problem and the tree species involved), and summarizes its causes. It is found that the current research on "divergence problem" mainly concentrates in middle and high latitudes and high altitude regions, but less in the middle and low latitudes. At present, there are still significant controversies about the explanation of the causes of the "divergence problem", which mainly include drought stress, "temperature threshold", "tail end effect", and "Arctic darkening". Therefore, it is necessary to further evaluate the stability of different tree species and different regions in response to climate change, and further determine the occurrence scope of the "divergence problem". At the same time, it is necessary to find corresponding solutions to the identified "divergence problem" to improve the accuracy of the reconstruction of tree-ring climate history.
The response of forest ecosystems to global climate change has always been a concern. Since the middle of the 20th century, the abnormal decrease in forest growth index and temperature sensitivity have been observed in the records of tree ring width and density in many high-latitude and high-altitude areas, which is also known as the "divergence problem". The "divergence problem" has a significant impact on forest ecosystem and the reconstruction of tree-ring paleoclimate. This article reviews the literature reports on the "divergence problem" at home and abroad, starting from the discovery of the divergence problem (including the location of the divergence problem and the tree species involved), and summarizes its causes. It is found that the current research on "divergence problem" mainly concentrates in middle and high latitudes and high altitude regions, but less in the middle and low latitudes. At present, there are still significant controversies about the explanation of the causes of the "divergence problem", which mainly include drought stress, "temperature threshold", "tail end effect", and "Arctic darkening". Therefore, it is necessary to further evaluate the stability of different tree species and different regions in response to climate change, and further determine the occurrence scope of the "divergence problem". At the same time, it is necessary to find corresponding solutions to the identified "divergence problem" to improve the accuracy of the reconstruction of tree-ring climate history.
2023, 44(6): 14-22.
doi: 10.12172/202210100001
Abstract:
In order to improve the flora characteristics of seed plants in Zoige region (Sichuan district), the survey data in Hongyuan, Zoige, Aba and Songpan counties from 2019 to 2022 were taken as the analysis object, and the current situation of seed plants in Zoige region was statistically analyzed based on the literature. The results showed that: (1) There were 1173 species of wild seed plants in Zoige area, belonging to 74 families and 367 genera, with abundant plant seed resources, most of which were herbaceous plants (77.41%). There were 6 families with more than 51 families including Compositae, Scrophulariaceae, Cyperaceae. There were 5 genera including Pedicularis, Salix, and Gerbera, which contained more than 21 species. (2) In terms of family composition, small families (2~5 species) and medium families (6~20 species) were the main families in the region, accounting for 58.11% of the total families. From the composition of genera, single species (1 species) was the main genus in the region, accounting for 49.05% of the total genera. (3) According to the floristic composition of families, it could be divided into 6 distribution types and 3 variants, among which the temperate distribution families (39.19%) were the most. In terms of the floristic composition of the genus, it could be divided into 15 distribution types and 13 variants. The temperate elements accounted for 73.84% of the total genera, with the highest proportion, which was a typical temperate nature. (4) There were 48 species of rare and endangered wild plants in this area, accounting for 4.09% of the total species, which were rich in endangered species and ancient relics.
In order to improve the flora characteristics of seed plants in Zoige region (Sichuan district), the survey data in Hongyuan, Zoige, Aba and Songpan counties from 2019 to 2022 were taken as the analysis object, and the current situation of seed plants in Zoige region was statistically analyzed based on the literature. The results showed that: (1) There were 1173 species of wild seed plants in Zoige area, belonging to 74 families and 367 genera, with abundant plant seed resources, most of which were herbaceous plants (77.41%). There were 6 families with more than 51 families including Compositae, Scrophulariaceae, Cyperaceae. There were 5 genera including Pedicularis, Salix, and Gerbera, which contained more than 21 species. (2) In terms of family composition, small families (2~5 species) and medium families (6~20 species) were the main families in the region, accounting for 58.11% of the total families. From the composition of genera, single species (1 species) was the main genus in the region, accounting for 49.05% of the total genera. (3) According to the floristic composition of families, it could be divided into 6 distribution types and 3 variants, among which the temperate distribution families (39.19%) were the most. In terms of the floristic composition of the genus, it could be divided into 15 distribution types and 13 variants. The temperate elements accounted for 73.84% of the total genera, with the highest proportion, which was a typical temperate nature. (4) There were 48 species of rare and endangered wild plants in this area, accounting for 4.09% of the total species, which were rich in endangered species and ancient relics.
2023, 44(6): 23-31.
doi: 10.12172/202302050001
Abstract:
Paeonia suffruticosa is a traditional medicinal herb, which has uniquely effects on relieving antispasmodic spasms and treating conditions such as stroke and abdominal pain. With the increasing demand for P. suffruticosa bark in China's medicinal market and the sharp decline of wild resources due to extreme climate, it is urgent to introduce and cultivate P. suffruticosa in suitable areas. Based on the distribution records of P. suffruticosa in China, combined with environmental factors, the potential distribution area of P. suffruticosa was simulated by MaxEnt model. The environmental factors affecting the distribution of P. suffruticosa were obtained by using the contribution rate of environmental factors and knife cutting method. The results showed that the AUC value of P. suffruticosa training set data was 0.979, indicating that the model was accurate and the simulation results were reliable. At present, the high suitable area of P. suffruticosa was mainly distributed in the eastern part of Sichuan province, with an area of 23.90 × 104 km2, accounting for 7.37% of the total suitable area. The most important environmental factor affecting the geographical distribution of P. suffruticosa was annual precipitation. Under the future climate change scenarios, the low suitable area of P. suffruticosa would increase significantly, and the high suitable area of P. suffruticosa would decrease significantly. The mass center of the high suitable area of P. suffruticosa would move to the northeast, and its migration range would be larger under the scenario of a higher CO2 concentration emission. The results provide a theoretical basis for the rational and repeatable development and utilization of P. suffruticosa varieties, as well as large-scale introduction and cultivation.
Paeonia suffruticosa is a traditional medicinal herb, which has uniquely effects on relieving antispasmodic spasms and treating conditions such as stroke and abdominal pain. With the increasing demand for P. suffruticosa bark in China's medicinal market and the sharp decline of wild resources due to extreme climate, it is urgent to introduce and cultivate P. suffruticosa in suitable areas. Based on the distribution records of P. suffruticosa in China, combined with environmental factors, the potential distribution area of P. suffruticosa was simulated by MaxEnt model. The environmental factors affecting the distribution of P. suffruticosa were obtained by using the contribution rate of environmental factors and knife cutting method. The results showed that the AUC value of P. suffruticosa training set data was 0.979, indicating that the model was accurate and the simulation results were reliable. At present, the high suitable area of P. suffruticosa was mainly distributed in the eastern part of Sichuan province, with an area of 23.90 × 104 km2, accounting for 7.37% of the total suitable area. The most important environmental factor affecting the geographical distribution of P. suffruticosa was annual precipitation. Under the future climate change scenarios, the low suitable area of P. suffruticosa would increase significantly, and the high suitable area of P. suffruticosa would decrease significantly. The mass center of the high suitable area of P. suffruticosa would move to the northeast, and its migration range would be larger under the scenario of a higher CO2 concentration emission. The results provide a theoretical basis for the rational and repeatable development and utilization of P. suffruticosa varieties, as well as large-scale introduction and cultivation.
2023, 44(6): 32-39.
doi: 10.12172/202308100001
Abstract:
Artificial cypress forest (Cupressus funebris) is the main forest type in the hilly areas of central Sichuan. Determine its carbon content and biomass model, and provide basic data for accurately estimating vegetation carbon storage in artificial cypress forest ecosystems, and further studying the carbon cycle and carbon sink size of the ecosystem. In this article, the carbon content and biomass of the entire plant and various organs of cypress were obtained through field sample collection and indoor analysis testing in Jintang County and Yanting County (a total of 56 sample plants were collected), and the biomass model was established. The results showed that: (1) The biomass of each organ of cypress was arranged in the order: stem (46.45%)>root (22.87%)>branch (15.80%)>leaf (8.56%)>bark (6.33%). The aboveground biomass accounted for 77.13% of the total biomass, while the belowground biomass accounted for 22.87%. (2) The total average carbon content coefficient of a single cypress tree was 0.4903 ± 0.0197. The carbon content coefficient of each organ was arranged in the order: branch>stem>leaf>bark>root. The carbon content coefficient of the stem was significantly different from that of the root and bark (P<0.05), while that of the root was not significantly different from that of the bark (P>0.05), that of the bark was only not significantly different from that of the root (P>0.05), and that of the branches and leaves was not significantly different from that of the stem (P>0.05). (3) There were slight differences in the carbon content coefficients of various organs of cypress in different places, ranging from 0.44 to 0.57. The carbon content coefficients of the entire plant and organs of cypress in Jintang County were significantly higher than those in Yanting County. (4) Whether it was univariate or binary, the best fitting effects for various organs and the entire plant of cypress were exponential models and power functions, with R2 ranging from 0.815 to 0.939. And the fitting effect of the whole plant, aboveground parts, and trunk was significantly better than that of the bark, branches, and leaves.(5) This study can provide basic data for further correction of carbon metrology parameters in IPCC method and accurately estimation of forest carbon storage.
Artificial cypress forest (Cupressus funebris) is the main forest type in the hilly areas of central Sichuan. Determine its carbon content and biomass model, and provide basic data for accurately estimating vegetation carbon storage in artificial cypress forest ecosystems, and further studying the carbon cycle and carbon sink size of the ecosystem. In this article, the carbon content and biomass of the entire plant and various organs of cypress were obtained through field sample collection and indoor analysis testing in Jintang County and Yanting County (a total of 56 sample plants were collected), and the biomass model was established. The results showed that: (1) The biomass of each organ of cypress was arranged in the order: stem (46.45%)>root (22.87%)>branch (15.80%)>leaf (8.56%)>bark (6.33%). The aboveground biomass accounted for 77.13% of the total biomass, while the belowground biomass accounted for 22.87%. (2) The total average carbon content coefficient of a single cypress tree was 0.4903 ± 0.0197. The carbon content coefficient of each organ was arranged in the order: branch>stem>leaf>bark>root. The carbon content coefficient of the stem was significantly different from that of the root and bark (P<0.05), while that of the root was not significantly different from that of the bark (P>0.05), that of the bark was only not significantly different from that of the root (P>0.05), and that of the branches and leaves was not significantly different from that of the stem (P>0.05). (3) There were slight differences in the carbon content coefficients of various organs of cypress in different places, ranging from 0.44 to 0.57. The carbon content coefficients of the entire plant and organs of cypress in Jintang County were significantly higher than those in Yanting County. (4) Whether it was univariate or binary, the best fitting effects for various organs and the entire plant of cypress were exponential models and power functions, with R2 ranging from 0.815 to 0.939. And the fitting effect of the whole plant, aboveground parts, and trunk was significantly better than that of the bark, branches, and leaves.(5) This study can provide basic data for further correction of carbon metrology parameters in IPCC method and accurately estimation of forest carbon storage.
2023, 44(6): 40-47.
doi: 10.12172/202307240001
Abstract:
From March to October 2022, a special survey of small mammals was carried out in Gongga Mountain National Nature Reserve, and 48 quadrates of 5 sample lines were laid out, with a total of 9,226 forges, 1,687 forges of traps and 60 forges of squirrel cages. A total of 1299 specimens were collected and identified, including 3 orders, 6 families, 16 genera and 27 species. Compared with previous studies, 11 species of small mammals were newly collected. The results showed that: (1) The species richness of small mammals on the south slope of Gongga Mountain Nature Reserve was higher, and the species uniformity of small mammals in the north slope was higher; (2) There were obvious differences in the dominant species of small mammals on the north and south slopes; (3) The vertical distribution areas of different species were different, and vertical distribution area of the same species was also different on the south and north slopes; (4) The difference of small mammal species diversity on the south and north slopes was mainly reflected in Rodentia and Lagomorpha.
From March to October 2022, a special survey of small mammals was carried out in Gongga Mountain National Nature Reserve, and 48 quadrates of 5 sample lines were laid out, with a total of 9,226 forges, 1,687 forges of traps and 60 forges of squirrel cages. A total of 1299 specimens were collected and identified, including 3 orders, 6 families, 16 genera and 27 species. Compared with previous studies, 11 species of small mammals were newly collected. The results showed that: (1) The species richness of small mammals on the south slope of Gongga Mountain Nature Reserve was higher, and the species uniformity of small mammals in the north slope was higher; (2) There were obvious differences in the dominant species of small mammals on the north and south slopes; (3) The vertical distribution areas of different species were different, and vertical distribution area of the same species was also different on the south and north slopes; (4) The difference of small mammal species diversity on the south and north slopes was mainly reflected in Rodentia and Lagomorpha.
2023, 44(6): 48-54.
doi: 10.12172/202303020002
Abstract:
Quantitative monitoring of ecological quality changes and revealing the driving forces behind them are of great significance for ecological environmental protection and sustainable development. Taking Shanghai as an example, the ecological quality of Shanghai from 2013 to 2019 was analyzed by constructing the Remote Sensing Ecological Index (RSEI), and the spatial-temporal change of the ecological quality of Shanghai was studied by combining the transfer matrix. The driving factors affecting the ecological quality of Shanghai were analyzed by using the geographical detector. The results showed that the ecological quality of Shanghai changed significantly from 2013 to 2019, and the decline rate of RSEI is 17.19%. Socioeconomics, human activities and natural environment all had strong impacts on RSEI. In the single-factor detection, population density had the greatest impact, and the interaction of the two-factor detection was stronger than that of the single-factor detection. The research results can provide theoretical support for ecological environment protection in Shanghai.
Quantitative monitoring of ecological quality changes and revealing the driving forces behind them are of great significance for ecological environmental protection and sustainable development. Taking Shanghai as an example, the ecological quality of Shanghai from 2013 to 2019 was analyzed by constructing the Remote Sensing Ecological Index (RSEI), and the spatial-temporal change of the ecological quality of Shanghai was studied by combining the transfer matrix. The driving factors affecting the ecological quality of Shanghai were analyzed by using the geographical detector. The results showed that the ecological quality of Shanghai changed significantly from 2013 to 2019, and the decline rate of RSEI is 17.19%. Socioeconomics, human activities and natural environment all had strong impacts on RSEI. In the single-factor detection, population density had the greatest impact, and the interaction of the two-factor detection was stronger than that of the single-factor detection. The research results can provide theoretical support for ecological environment protection in Shanghai.
2023, 44(6): 55-61.
doi: 10.12172/202302160001
Abstract:
In order to understand the origin and development of pteridophytes in Dinghushan National Nature Reserve, the wild pteridophyte resources in the reserve were comprehensively investigated from 2019 to 2020, and the species characteristics and distribution types of pteridophytes in this area were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) The pteridophytes in Dinghushan National Nature Reserve were composed of 123 species belonging to 62 genera and 29 families. (2) The families were mainly composed of Oligopyridae and Monopodidae, and the genus was mainly composed of single species. (3) From the ecological type perspective, native ferns were the main species in this area, accounting for 61.78% of the total pteridophytes. (4) The pteridophyte flora had obvious tropical characteristics at the level of family, genus and species, and at the level of species, tropical Asia accounted for the largest proportion, including three endemic species in China; (5) Dinghushan Nature Reserve had the closest relationship with Xiangshan Nature Reserve.
In order to understand the origin and development of pteridophytes in Dinghushan National Nature Reserve, the wild pteridophyte resources in the reserve were comprehensively investigated from 2019 to 2020, and the species characteristics and distribution types of pteridophytes in this area were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) The pteridophytes in Dinghushan National Nature Reserve were composed of 123 species belonging to 62 genera and 29 families. (2) The families were mainly composed of Oligopyridae and Monopodidae, and the genus was mainly composed of single species. (3) From the ecological type perspective, native ferns were the main species in this area, accounting for 61.78% of the total pteridophytes. (4) The pteridophyte flora had obvious tropical characteristics at the level of family, genus and species, and at the level of species, tropical Asia accounted for the largest proportion, including three endemic species in China; (5) Dinghushan Nature Reserve had the closest relationship with Xiangshan Nature Reserve.
2023, 44(6): 62-68.
doi: 10.12172/202212220001
Abstract:
In order to explore the correlation between forest community and understory giant panda feeding bamboo in the giant panda habitat of the Daxiangling mountain, the tree layer structure characteristics of forest community and the growth index of Chimonobambusa szechuanensis were investigated, and the generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) and linear hybrid model (LMM) were constructed and analyzed. The results showed that: (1) The canopy density of tree layer had significant effects on the number of bamboo shoots and the diameter of annual bamboo base; the number of trees had significant effects on the number of Chimonobambusa szechuanensis, height of annual bamboo, height of bamboo shoots and base diameter of bamboo shoots; the average height of trees had significant effects on the number of shoots, number of Chimonobambusa szechuanensis, number of dead bamboos, annual and perennial bamboo base diameter. (2) the number of bamboo shoots decreased with the increase of canopy density and average tree height; the number of living bamboos decreased with the increase of the number and average height of trees; the number of dead bamboos increased with the increase of average height of tree; the average height of bamboo, the height of bamboo shoots and the base diameter of bamboo shoots increased with the number of trees; the average base diameter of annual and perennial August bamboo increased with the increase of average tree height.
In order to explore the correlation between forest community and understory giant panda feeding bamboo in the giant panda habitat of the Daxiangling mountain, the tree layer structure characteristics of forest community and the growth index of Chimonobambusa szechuanensis were investigated, and the generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) and linear hybrid model (LMM) were constructed and analyzed. The results showed that: (1) The canopy density of tree layer had significant effects on the number of bamboo shoots and the diameter of annual bamboo base; the number of trees had significant effects on the number of Chimonobambusa szechuanensis, height of annual bamboo, height of bamboo shoots and base diameter of bamboo shoots; the average height of trees had significant effects on the number of shoots, number of Chimonobambusa szechuanensis, number of dead bamboos, annual and perennial bamboo base diameter. (2) the number of bamboo shoots decreased with the increase of canopy density and average tree height; the number of living bamboos decreased with the increase of the number and average height of trees; the number of dead bamboos increased with the increase of average height of tree; the average height of bamboo, the height of bamboo shoots and the base diameter of bamboo shoots increased with the number of trees; the average base diameter of annual and perennial August bamboo increased with the increase of average tree height.
2023, 44(6): 69-76.
doi: 10.12172/202303160002
Abstract:
The alpine marsh wetland in Maixi Township, Zoige County, which had been carrying out the water-level elevation and vegetation restoration projects for many years, were taken as the research object. Soil samples of different soil layers (0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, 40-60 cm, 60-80 cm) were collected from the heavily degraded (HD) wetland, non-degraded (UD) wetland and wetlands under different restoration models, and the changes of soil organic carbon compositions and their relationships with soil factors were analyzed. The results showed that different restoration measures could cause significant differences in the total organic carbon contents of degraded wetlands soil among different soil layers, but the replanting-grass-seed measure could not significantly improve the total organic carbon content in each soil layer. The restoration measures had no significant effects on the contents of heavy fraction organic carbon and light fraction organic carbon in degraded wetland soil. Based on the comprehensive RDA analysis, the single replanting-grass-seed measure could not fundamentally improve the wetland degradation in a short period of time, and the water-level elevation measure could improve the soil carbon fractions close to the non-degraded wetland. Soil TN was the most critical factor affecting the soil organic carbon composition and can be used as a key indicator to reflect the recovery of alpine marsh wetland.
The alpine marsh wetland in Maixi Township, Zoige County, which had been carrying out the water-level elevation and vegetation restoration projects for many years, were taken as the research object. Soil samples of different soil layers (0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, 40-60 cm, 60-80 cm) were collected from the heavily degraded (HD) wetland, non-degraded (UD) wetland and wetlands under different restoration models, and the changes of soil organic carbon compositions and their relationships with soil factors were analyzed. The results showed that different restoration measures could cause significant differences in the total organic carbon contents of degraded wetlands soil among different soil layers, but the replanting-grass-seed measure could not significantly improve the total organic carbon content in each soil layer. The restoration measures had no significant effects on the contents of heavy fraction organic carbon and light fraction organic carbon in degraded wetland soil. Based on the comprehensive RDA analysis, the single replanting-grass-seed measure could not fundamentally improve the wetland degradation in a short period of time, and the water-level elevation measure could improve the soil carbon fractions close to the non-degraded wetland. Soil TN was the most critical factor affecting the soil organic carbon composition and can be used as a key indicator to reflect the recovery of alpine marsh wetland.
2023, 44(6): 77-82.
doi: 10.12172/202302140001
Abstract:
Based on the data of Henan Forestry Statistical Yearbook from 2000 to 2018, the stability of Henan forestry industrial structure systematically analyzed by using the vector angle model. Using the grey correlation analysis method, the correlation degree between the three forestry industries and the total output value in Henan Province was calculated respectively, and then the dynamic change law of its forestry industrial structure was analyzed. Through the GM(1,1) model, the future change trend of output value and output value of the three major forestry industries in Henan Province was predicted and analyzed. The results showed that the forestry structure in Henan Province changed greatly from 2000 to 2007, and the forestry industrial structure was relatively stable from 2007 to 2018. During the period from 2000 to 2018, the correlation between the output value of the secondary industry and the total output value of the forestry industry was the highest, followed by the primary industry and the tertiary industry, and a "213" industrial structure development pattern was formed. But in the next decade, with the rapid development of the tertiary industry, its output value will exceed that of the primary industry, thus forming a new “231” industrial structure development pattern.
Based on the data of Henan Forestry Statistical Yearbook from 2000 to 2018, the stability of Henan forestry industrial structure systematically analyzed by using the vector angle model. Using the grey correlation analysis method, the correlation degree between the three forestry industries and the total output value in Henan Province was calculated respectively, and then the dynamic change law of its forestry industrial structure was analyzed. Through the GM(1,1) model, the future change trend of output value and output value of the three major forestry industries in Henan Province was predicted and analyzed. The results showed that the forestry structure in Henan Province changed greatly from 2000 to 2007, and the forestry industrial structure was relatively stable from 2007 to 2018. During the period from 2000 to 2018, the correlation between the output value of the secondary industry and the total output value of the forestry industry was the highest, followed by the primary industry and the tertiary industry, and a "213" industrial structure development pattern was formed. But in the next decade, with the rapid development of the tertiary industry, its output value will exceed that of the primary industry, thus forming a new “231” industrial structure development pattern.
2023, 44(6): 83-87.
doi: 10.12172/202303290001
Abstract:
Studying and clarifying the potential distribution of Atrijuglans hetaohei in Qinba Mountain area is of great significance to formulate the early monitoring, warning and control measures of this insect. Based on the actual distribution points and bioclimatic data in the current scenario, the maximum entropy model (MaxEnt) and ArcGIS were used to predict the potential distribution areas of A. hetaohei in Qinba Mountain area. The ROC curve was used to detect the accuracy of the model and the knife cutting method was used to screen the dominant environmental variables. The results showed that: (1) The average AUC of MaxEnt model was 0.948, and the standard deviation was 0.008, indicating that the prediction effect reached a "good" level. (2) The wettest monthly precipitation, the mean temperature of the driest season, the minimum temperature of the coolest month, altitude, the precipitation of the coolest season, isotherm, the precipitation of the driest season and the mean temperature of the coolest season were the main environmental variables that dominated the potential distribution of A. hetaohei. (3) The high suitable area of A. hetaohei was mainly concentrated in the central Qinba Mountain area, and distributed in six provinces and cities, including Henan, Sichuan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Gansu and Chongqing, among which Gansu Province had the smallest area (0.13×104 km2) and Shaanxi Province had the largest area (4.8×104 km2).
Studying and clarifying the potential distribution of Atrijuglans hetaohei in Qinba Mountain area is of great significance to formulate the early monitoring, warning and control measures of this insect. Based on the actual distribution points and bioclimatic data in the current scenario, the maximum entropy model (MaxEnt) and ArcGIS were used to predict the potential distribution areas of A. hetaohei in Qinba Mountain area. The ROC curve was used to detect the accuracy of the model and the knife cutting method was used to screen the dominant environmental variables. The results showed that: (1) The average AUC of MaxEnt model was 0.948, and the standard deviation was 0.008, indicating that the prediction effect reached a "good" level. (2) The wettest monthly precipitation, the mean temperature of the driest season, the minimum temperature of the coolest month, altitude, the precipitation of the coolest season, isotherm, the precipitation of the driest season and the mean temperature of the coolest season were the main environmental variables that dominated the potential distribution of A. hetaohei. (3) The high suitable area of A. hetaohei was mainly concentrated in the central Qinba Mountain area, and distributed in six provinces and cities, including Henan, Sichuan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Gansu and Chongqing, among which Gansu Province had the smallest area (0.13×104 km2) and Shaanxi Province had the largest area (4.8×104 km2).
2023, 44(6): 88-94.
doi: 10.12172/202302280002
Abstract:
Fresh fruit of Zanthoxylum was packaged in non-vacuum and dark environment, and the total fagaramide content, volatile oil content and sensory quality were determined periodically at different storage temperatures (20, 4, 25 and 40 ℃). The dynamic models of amides and volatile oil during storage were established respectively, which provided reference for quality control in processing, storage, transportation and sales of Zanthoxylum after harvest. The results showed that the shelf life model of Zanthoxylum armatum fagaramide, Zanthoxylum armatum volatile oil, Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim fagaramide, Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim volatile oil were established by Arrhenius equation. The activation energy Ea was 52.68, 50.00, 49.85, 50.62 kJ·mol−1, respectively, and the natural logarithm lnk0 was 18.13, 16.98, 17.15, 17.08, respectively. After verification, the established models can predict the shelf life of fresh Zanthoxylum with total fagaramide content and volatile oil content as quality indexes.
Fresh fruit of Zanthoxylum was packaged in non-vacuum and dark environment, and the total fagaramide content, volatile oil content and sensory quality were determined periodically at different storage temperatures (20, 4, 25 and 40 ℃). The dynamic models of amides and volatile oil during storage were established respectively, which provided reference for quality control in processing, storage, transportation and sales of Zanthoxylum after harvest. The results showed that the shelf life model of Zanthoxylum armatum fagaramide, Zanthoxylum armatum volatile oil, Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim fagaramide, Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim volatile oil were established by Arrhenius equation. The activation energy Ea was 52.68, 50.00, 49.85, 50.62 kJ·mol−1, respectively, and the natural logarithm lnk0 was 18.13, 16.98, 17.15, 17.08, respectively. After verification, the established models can predict the shelf life of fresh Zanthoxylum with total fagaramide content and volatile oil content as quality indexes.
2023, 44(6): 95-100.
doi: 10.12172/202303290002
Abstract:
The composition and diversity of moth in spatial differences were compared through collecting the specimen of moth (Lepidoptera) using light trap from July to October 2020 in three habitats, including deciduous broad-leaved forest, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, and alpine coniferous forest and meadow, in Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve in Sichuan Province. A total of 1430 adult moths belonging to 16 families, 151 genera, and 227 species were collected, among which Noctuidae had the highest number of species and Geometridae had the highest number of individuals. The diversity results showed that the Margalef richness index and Shannon diversity index of moth in deciduous broad-leaved forest, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest plots were higher than those in alpine coniferous forest and meadow plot, and the community performance was stable. Among them, the Margalef richness index showed obvious differences in the diversity characteristics of family, genus, and species, while the changes of other indexes were consistent. The results of community similarity analysis showed that the similarity of moths collected from deciduous broad-leaved forest and coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest was the highest (0.4178), moth community in the alpine coniferous forest and meadow had a low similarity with those in the other two habitats (P<0.1).
The composition and diversity of moth in spatial differences were compared through collecting the specimen of moth (Lepidoptera) using light trap from July to October 2020 in three habitats, including deciduous broad-leaved forest, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, and alpine coniferous forest and meadow, in Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve in Sichuan Province. A total of 1430 adult moths belonging to 16 families, 151 genera, and 227 species were collected, among which Noctuidae had the highest number of species and Geometridae had the highest number of individuals. The diversity results showed that the Margalef richness index and Shannon diversity index of moth in deciduous broad-leaved forest, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest plots were higher than those in alpine coniferous forest and meadow plot, and the community performance was stable. Among them, the Margalef richness index showed obvious differences in the diversity characteristics of family, genus, and species, while the changes of other indexes were consistent. The results of community similarity analysis showed that the similarity of moths collected from deciduous broad-leaved forest and coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest was the highest (0.4178), moth community in the alpine coniferous forest and meadow had a low similarity with those in the other two habitats (P<0.1).
2023, 44(6): 101-104.
doi: 10.12172/202301110001
Abstract:
Trace elements play an important role in plant growth, and it is of great significance to study the application of trace elements to Cinnamomum longepaniculatum for the directional cultivation of C. longepaniculatum. The results showed that different trace elements and soil pH had different effects on the content of 1,8-cineole in C. longepaniculatum leaves. Manganese sulfate and zinc sulfate had significant effects on the content of 1,8-cineole in C. longepaniculatum leaves, while ferrous sulfate, sodium selenite and pH had no significant effects on the content of 1,8-cineole in C. longepaniculatum leaves. Considering the effects of all treatments on 1,8-cineole in C. longepaniculatum leaves, the best treatment was A1B4C2D3E3, namely 0.5% manganese sulfate, 0.1% zinc sulfate, 0.3% sodium selenite, pH value was 5.5, and the content of 1,8-cineole in C. longepaniculatum leaves was the highest without ferrous sulfate.
Trace elements play an important role in plant growth, and it is of great significance to study the application of trace elements to Cinnamomum longepaniculatum for the directional cultivation of C. longepaniculatum. The results showed that different trace elements and soil pH had different effects on the content of 1,8-cineole in C. longepaniculatum leaves. Manganese sulfate and zinc sulfate had significant effects on the content of 1,8-cineole in C. longepaniculatum leaves, while ferrous sulfate, sodium selenite and pH had no significant effects on the content of 1,8-cineole in C. longepaniculatum leaves. Considering the effects of all treatments on 1,8-cineole in C. longepaniculatum leaves, the best treatment was A1B4C2D3E3, namely 0.5% manganese sulfate, 0.1% zinc sulfate, 0.3% sodium selenite, pH value was 5.5, and the content of 1,8-cineole in C. longepaniculatum leaves was the highest without ferrous sulfate.
2023, 44(6): 105-109.
doi: 10.12172/202303020001
Abstract:
Using the Styphnolobium japonicum pods as raw materials and ethanol as extraction solvent, genistin and sophoricoside were extracted by homogenate-ultrasonic synergistic extraction method. Effects of ethanol volume fraction, liquid-solid ratio, homogenate time, homogenate speed, ultrasonic time, ultrasonic power, cavitation time and buffer time on the yield of genistin and sophoricoside were investigated by the quantitative method of high performance liquid chromatography. The best extraction conditions were as follows: ethanol volume fraction of 50%, liquid-solid ratio of 20 mL·g−1, homogenate time of 3 min, homogenate speed of 22000 r·min−1, ultrasonic time of 35 min , ultrasonic power of 350 W, cavitation time of 2.5 s and buffer time of 1.5 s. Compared with the traditional extraction method, the homogenate ultrasonic-synergistic extraction method had the advantages of high efficiency, environmental protection and energy saving.
Using the Styphnolobium japonicum pods as raw materials and ethanol as extraction solvent, genistin and sophoricoside were extracted by homogenate-ultrasonic synergistic extraction method. Effects of ethanol volume fraction, liquid-solid ratio, homogenate time, homogenate speed, ultrasonic time, ultrasonic power, cavitation time and buffer time on the yield of genistin and sophoricoside were investigated by the quantitative method of high performance liquid chromatography. The best extraction conditions were as follows: ethanol volume fraction of 50%, liquid-solid ratio of 20 mL·g−1, homogenate time of 3 min, homogenate speed of 22000 r·min−1, ultrasonic time of 35 min , ultrasonic power of 350 W, cavitation time of 2.5 s and buffer time of 1.5 s. Compared with the traditional extraction method, the homogenate ultrasonic-synergistic extraction method had the advantages of high efficiency, environmental protection and energy saving.
2023, 44(6): 110-116.
doi: 10.12172/202303160001
Abstract:
Cupressus chengiana is a rare and endangered species in China, a national class II key protected wild plant and endemic to Sichuan and Gansu Province. The ancient C. chengiana trees contain a variety of genes and are valuable genetic germplasm materials. The seeds of 4 ancient C. chengiana trees (350-1200 years) in Lixian County, Aba Prefecture were used as test materials, and the seeds of C. chengiana (20 years old) in Jinchuan County was used as control. Based on the study of the seed morphological characteristics and germination characteristics of ancient C. chengiana, the germination characteristics of their seeds were revealed. The results showed that the average seed length, width and of thickness of ancient C. chengiana trees was 3.83mm, 3.20mm and 1.29mm, and the average number of seeds in a single cone was 42.42. Compared with the control, the 100-seed weight, viability and germination rate of seeds decreased significantly, which were only 0.25g, 28.27%, 14.59%. The initial germination time and the germination period (13.75 days and 35 days) increased significantly, showing obvious physiological function decline. The initial germination time of 1200-year-old ancient trees was significantly lower than that of other ancient trees, and there was no significant difference in germination rate, germination potential and germination index among different ancient trees. The suitable germination temperature of ancient tree seeds was 20 ℃, the germination rate, germination potential and germination index were 14.58%, 5.42% and 0.29 respectively, and the average initial germination time was 13.46 days.
Cupressus chengiana is a rare and endangered species in China, a national class II key protected wild plant and endemic to Sichuan and Gansu Province. The ancient C. chengiana trees contain a variety of genes and are valuable genetic germplasm materials. The seeds of 4 ancient C. chengiana trees (350-1200 years) in Lixian County, Aba Prefecture were used as test materials, and the seeds of C. chengiana (20 years old) in Jinchuan County was used as control. Based on the study of the seed morphological characteristics and germination characteristics of ancient C. chengiana, the germination characteristics of their seeds were revealed. The results showed that the average seed length, width and of thickness of ancient C. chengiana trees was 3.83mm, 3.20mm and 1.29mm, and the average number of seeds in a single cone was 42.42. Compared with the control, the 100-seed weight, viability and germination rate of seeds decreased significantly, which were only 0.25g, 28.27%, 14.59%. The initial germination time and the germination period (13.75 days and 35 days) increased significantly, showing obvious physiological function decline. The initial germination time of 1200-year-old ancient trees was significantly lower than that of other ancient trees, and there was no significant difference in germination rate, germination potential and germination index among different ancient trees. The suitable germination temperature of ancient tree seeds was 20 ℃, the germination rate, germination potential and germination index were 14.58%, 5.42% and 0.29 respectively, and the average initial germination time was 13.46 days.
2023, 44(6): 117-120.
doi: 10.12172/202303290003
Abstract:
The species composition and number of the parasitoids against Aphis gossypii in Zanthoxylum armatum were investigated at different altitudes of 800-1800 meters in Jin Yang county. The parasite rate of parasitoids was 2.63%. Four species of parasitic wasps belonging to 3 families, 3 genera were found: Aphidencyrtus aphidivorus, Trioxys indicus, T. sp., Aphelinus gossypii. Trioxys indicus account for 90.38% of the total number of parasitic wasps, and was the dominant population of Aphis gossypii. The other three species were Aphidencyrtus aphidivorus , T. sp. and Aphelinus gossypii. According to statistics, the ratio of Female-Male of Trioxys indicus decreased with the increase of altitude in the range of 1000-1800 meters.
The species composition and number of the parasitoids against Aphis gossypii in Zanthoxylum armatum were investigated at different altitudes of 800-1800 meters in Jin Yang county. The parasite rate of parasitoids was 2.63%. Four species of parasitic wasps belonging to 3 families, 3 genera were found: Aphidencyrtus aphidivorus, Trioxys indicus, T. sp., Aphelinus gossypii. Trioxys indicus account for 90.38% of the total number of parasitic wasps, and was the dominant population of Aphis gossypii. The other three species were Aphidencyrtus aphidivorus , T. sp. and Aphelinus gossypii. According to statistics, the ratio of Female-Male of Trioxys indicus decreased with the increase of altitude in the range of 1000-1800 meters.
2023, 44(6): 121-124.
doi: 10.12172/202302090001
Abstract:
In order to study the effects of different pruning time on the growth and development of Hibiscus mutabilis, the three-year-old planting 'bairihuacai' was used as the material, and April 15, May 15 and June 15 were set as three pruning time points. After pruning, the vegetative growth, flowering period and flower quantity of Hibiscus mutabilis were observed. The results showed that the pruning time had significant effects on the plant height, number of unexposed branches, diameter of main branches, crown width, branch number and leaf length of 'bairihuacai'. Pruning had a significant effect on the flowering time and flower quantity of 'bairihuacai'. Pruning can significantly inhibit the first flowering time of 'bairihuacai', and the later the pruning, the later the first flowering time of flowering.
In order to study the effects of different pruning time on the growth and development of Hibiscus mutabilis, the three-year-old planting 'bairihuacai' was used as the material, and April 15, May 15 and June 15 were set as three pruning time points. After pruning, the vegetative growth, flowering period and flower quantity of Hibiscus mutabilis were observed. The results showed that the pruning time had significant effects on the plant height, number of unexposed branches, diameter of main branches, crown width, branch number and leaf length of 'bairihuacai'. Pruning had a significant effect on the flowering time and flower quantity of 'bairihuacai'. Pruning can significantly inhibit the first flowering time of 'bairihuacai', and the later the pruning, the later the first flowering time of flowering.
2023, 44(6): 125-131.
doi: 10.12172/202301170001
Abstract:
Taking Hydrangea macrophylla ‘Endless Summer’ as the research object, the effects of different types of hydroponics equipment, different types and concentrations of rooting agents on cutting rooting of Hydrangea macrophylla ‘Endless Summer’ were studied under static hydroponics conditions. Through the comparative analysis of growth indicators, the best hydroponic cutting rooting scheme was summarized, providing reference basis and technical support for the subsequent factory seedlings of Hydrangea macrophylla ‘Endless Summer’ and hydroponic cutting of other Hydrangea varieties. The effects of different types of hydroponic equipment, rooting agents and concentrations of rooting agents on the earliest rooting time, average rooting rate, average root length and average root quantity of Hydrangea macrophylla ‘Endless Summer’ hydroponic cuttings after rooting were studied by using a four-factor and three-level experimental design. In the treatment 9, the cuttings were soaked with 200 mg·L−1 ABT rooting agent for 5 min and then cultured in the "A type" structure of the aerosol culture mode, the growth of the cuttings was the best. In the treatment 8, the cuttings were soaked with 200 mg·L−1 NAA rooting agent for 5 min and then cultured on the DFT deep-flow culture vegetable wall, the rooting effect was the worst. In the treatment 4, the cuttings were soaked with 200 mg·L−1 IBA rooting agent for 5 min and then cultured in the NFT single-layer flat structure, the root germination time was the earliest. In the treatment 3, the cuttings were soaked in 300 mg·L−1 NAA rooting agent for 5 min, and then cultured in NFT mode single-layer flat structure, the rooting was the latest. The types of rooting agents were the most important factor affecting the earliest rooting time and root quantity in hydrangea hydroponics cutting results, and the type of hydroponics equipment was the most important factor affecting the average rooting rate and root length growth, among which the "A type" structure of the aerosol culture mode was the best for cutting and rooting. Among different rooting agents, IBA was the most beneficial to the early rooting time, but ABT was the most beneficial to the growth of cuttings, and low concentration of NAA was the most beneficial to the increase of root mass. The concentration of rooting agent did not affect the rooting rate of Hydrangea macrophylla 'Endless Summer' hydroponic cutting.
Taking Hydrangea macrophylla ‘Endless Summer’ as the research object, the effects of different types of hydroponics equipment, different types and concentrations of rooting agents on cutting rooting of Hydrangea macrophylla ‘Endless Summer’ were studied under static hydroponics conditions. Through the comparative analysis of growth indicators, the best hydroponic cutting rooting scheme was summarized, providing reference basis and technical support for the subsequent factory seedlings of Hydrangea macrophylla ‘Endless Summer’ and hydroponic cutting of other Hydrangea varieties. The effects of different types of hydroponic equipment, rooting agents and concentrations of rooting agents on the earliest rooting time, average rooting rate, average root length and average root quantity of Hydrangea macrophylla ‘Endless Summer’ hydroponic cuttings after rooting were studied by using a four-factor and three-level experimental design. In the treatment 9, the cuttings were soaked with 200 mg·L−1 ABT rooting agent for 5 min and then cultured in the "A type" structure of the aerosol culture mode, the growth of the cuttings was the best. In the treatment 8, the cuttings were soaked with 200 mg·L−1 NAA rooting agent for 5 min and then cultured on the DFT deep-flow culture vegetable wall, the rooting effect was the worst. In the treatment 4, the cuttings were soaked with 200 mg·L−1 IBA rooting agent for 5 min and then cultured in the NFT single-layer flat structure, the root germination time was the earliest. In the treatment 3, the cuttings were soaked in 300 mg·L−1 NAA rooting agent for 5 min, and then cultured in NFT mode single-layer flat structure, the rooting was the latest. The types of rooting agents were the most important factor affecting the earliest rooting time and root quantity in hydrangea hydroponics cutting results, and the type of hydroponics equipment was the most important factor affecting the average rooting rate and root length growth, among which the "A type" structure of the aerosol culture mode was the best for cutting and rooting. Among different rooting agents, IBA was the most beneficial to the early rooting time, but ABT was the most beneficial to the growth of cuttings, and low concentration of NAA was the most beneficial to the increase of root mass. The concentration of rooting agent did not affect the rooting rate of Hydrangea macrophylla 'Endless Summer' hydroponic cutting.
2023, 44(6): 132-136.
doi: 10.12172/202212270001
Abstract:
In order to screen effective and low toxic biological pesticides, the laboratory efficacy test of four biological pesticides against the 3-5 instar larvae of Phauda flammans was carried out. The results showed that the four biological pesticides showed obvious toxicity to Phauda flammans, and the toxicity of abamectin-aminomethyl was the strongest. It had obvious toxicity after 1 day at 80000 times the concentration, and the LC50 was 10.859 mg/L. The LC50 of Bacillus thuringiensis, HearNPV and Beauveria bassiana were 166.619 mg/L, 121.140 mg/L and 233.848 mg/L after 10 days, 5 days and 8 days, respectively. From the perspective of the quick effect of pesticides, the content of abamectin-aminomethyl>Bacillus thuringiensis>HearNPV>Beauveria bassiana. From the perspective of the persistence of pesticides, the content of abamectin-aminomethyl>HearNPV>Bacillus thuringiensis>Beauveria bassiana. To sum up, abamectin-aminomethyl was the most appropriate pesticide with high efficiency and low toxicity for the control of Phauda flammans.
In order to screen effective and low toxic biological pesticides, the laboratory efficacy test of four biological pesticides against the 3-5 instar larvae of Phauda flammans was carried out. The results showed that the four biological pesticides showed obvious toxicity to Phauda flammans, and the toxicity of abamectin-aminomethyl was the strongest. It had obvious toxicity after 1 day at 80000 times the concentration, and the LC50 was 10.859 mg/L. The LC50 of Bacillus thuringiensis, HearNPV and Beauveria bassiana were 166.619 mg/L, 121.140 mg/L and 233.848 mg/L after 10 days, 5 days and 8 days, respectively. From the perspective of the quick effect of pesticides, the content of abamectin-aminomethyl>Bacillus thuringiensis>HearNPV>Beauveria bassiana. From the perspective of the persistence of pesticides, the content of abamectin-aminomethyl>HearNPV>Bacillus thuringiensis>Beauveria bassiana. To sum up, abamectin-aminomethyl was the most appropriate pesticide with high efficiency and low toxicity for the control of Phauda flammans.
2023, 44(6): 137-139.
doi: 10.12172/202303070001
Abstract:
Based on field investigation, specimen identification and literature review of plants in western Sichuan. Two varieties and one subspecies were reported as new distributive records in Sichuan Province. These three newly recorded plants belong to 3 families and 3 genera, including Hypericum monanthemum subsp. filicaule (Dyer) N. Robson, Gentianopsis paludosa var. alpina T. N. Ho and Rubus frachetianus var. pubescens (Franchet) C. Gapta et S. S. Dash. The voucher specimens were deposited in the Herbarium of the Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Based on field investigation, specimen identification and literature review of plants in western Sichuan. Two varieties and one subspecies were reported as new distributive records in Sichuan Province. These three newly recorded plants belong to 3 families and 3 genera, including Hypericum monanthemum subsp. filicaule (Dyer) N. Robson, Gentianopsis paludosa var. alpina T. N. Ho and Rubus frachetianus var. pubescens (Franchet) C. Gapta et S. S. Dash. The voucher specimens were deposited in the Herbarium of the Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
2023, 44(6): 140-143.
doi: 10.12172/202212300002
Abstract:
A newly recorded species of Pinaceae (Pinus bungeana Zucc. ex Endl.) was reported in Wushan County, which is an endemic rare species in China. Only one ancient tree about 500-year-old was found, which provided new data for the study of Pinaceae flora. Photos of this species and its habitats were also provided.
A newly recorded species of Pinaceae (Pinus bungeana Zucc. ex Endl.) was reported in Wushan County, which is an endemic rare species in China. Only one ancient tree about 500-year-old was found, which provided new data for the study of Pinaceae flora. Photos of this species and its habitats were also provided.
