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2014 Vol. 35 Issue 4

2014 Vol. 35, No. 4

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On the Origin and Evolution of the Willows
ZHAO Liang-neng, GONG Gu-tang
2014, 35(4): 1-8. doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2014.04.001
Abstract:
The willows (Salicaceae subfam. Salicoideae) are composed of three genera with about four hundred and fifty natural species (as well as a great number of natural hybrids) and distribute naturally in Africa,South America,Asia,Europe et North America (not in Oceania and Antarctica) from about 52 degrees south latitude to 82 degrees north latitude et from near sea level to altitude more than 5 000 m et from the south temperate zone to the north frigid zone. i. e. Pleiarina of about fifty species and approximately on the south of the Arctic Circle,Chosenia of about three species and in the neighbouring areas of both the Sea of Ochotsk et the Sea of Japan,and Salix of about four hundred species and roughly on the north of Tropic of Cancer. It is quite evident that there is a long and tortuous evolutionary process from primitive angiosperm to the contemporary willows. Archaic willow group probably originated from the West Gondwanaland during the Middle Cretaceous and then evolved further along the various direction in the course of its spreading everywhere; and the three genera before-mentioned are its extant descendants. The genus Pleiarina possibly occurred in Africa of the West Gondwanaland during the Late Cretaceous; it first radially scattered over this locality (and it existed in Africa,Madagascar and South America respectively owing to the breakup of the archaic land afterward) and then spread to the Laurasia; subsequently,the unitary Laurasia's Pleiarina flora was divided into two parts developing alone because of wholly separating each other of the Eurasia land mass and the North America land mass. The genus Chosenia most likely arose in the northeastern Eurasia land during the Late Tertiary. The genus Salix might emerge from eastern Tethys regions during the Middle and Upper Tertiary,and then widely spread in Eurasia land et progressively migrated to North America land via Bering regions. Besides,a conspectus of all the genera and species of the plants concerned is provided in this paper,including their correct names,bibliographic references,geographic distributions etc.
Comparison between Albescent and Normal Seedings of Phoebe zhennan by AFLP
ZHANG Wei, CHEN Zhong, LONG Han-li, ZHUANG Guo-qing, LI Xiao-qing
2014, 35(4): 9-12. doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2014.04.002
Abstract:
Using the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique to study polymorphism between the genomic DNA of albescent seedlings and normal seedlings of Phoebe zhennan, it was found that bands amplified by P6 and P11 were between albescent seedlings and normal seedlings. The number of bands of albescent seedlings amplified by P6 was one less than that of normal seedlings and the size of the lacking stripe was about 230 bp. The number of bands of albescent seedlings amplified by P11 was one more than that of normal seedlings and the size of the extra stripe was around 200 bp. The differences of bands indicated that the DNA sequence of albescent seedlings was different from that of normal seedlings. It was needed to conduct sequence and comparative analysis to confirm whether the differences were caused by base mutation,deletion or insertion.
Neosinocalamus affinis (Rendle) Keng f. f,purpureo-striata Yi——a New Forma of Neosinocalamus affinis (Rendle) Keng f. from China (Babusoideae,Poaceae) and a New Synonym of Drepanostachyum Keng f.
YI Tong-pei
2014, 35(4): 13-16. doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2014.04.003
Abstract:
A new forma of the Neosinocalamus affinis (Rendle) Keng f. is reported in this paper. That is Neosinocalamus affinis (Rendle) Keng f. f. purpureo-striatus Yi. The lower internodes of its young culm are green with violet stripes. Its growing area is Dujiangyan City,Sichuan. Small lateral inflorescens and short rachires etc. are quantitative changes. It is not divisional standard of genus. Therefore Petrocalamus Z. P. Wang,N. X. Ma et W. Y. Zhang is a new synonym of Drepanostachyum Keng f.
Pollen Limitation of the Seed Setting of Impatiens oxyanthera
LI Yan-hong, WANG Qiong
2014, 35(4): 17-22. doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2014.04.004
Abstract:
The reproductive capacity is the symbol of population rise and fall. Evaluating plants' reproductive capacity is helpful in understanding the plants' reproductive characteristics and reproductive mechanism,and inferring the adaptive ability of plants in the environment. In full bloom,the determination was made on Bombus trifasciatus Smith's pollination efficiency-the main pollinator of Impatiens oxyanthera Hook. F.,the result showed that the amount of pollen taken out by Bombus trifasciatus Smith from stamen was far more than the pollwn fallen on the stigma,and the numlaer of pollen fallen on the stigma was far more than that in ovule,thus showing that the number of pollen on the stigma was sufficient. Artificial supplementary pollination experiments showed that the seed setting rate of cross-pollination and natural pollination was significantly different. The former improved the seed setting rate by about 11%,and homologous-pollination was not significant as compared with natural pollination. The result showed that under the condition of natural pollination,the number of fallen pollen on the stigma was sufficient,therefore,the pollen quality,rather than the quantity,was an important factor leading to a low seed setting rate of I. oxyanthera.
A Study of the Ecology Suitability Regionalization of Bergenia crassifolia Planting in Xinjiang
CAI Jun-yi, YIN Lin-ke, WANGJian
2014, 35(4): 23-26. doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2014.04.005
Abstract:
The objective of this paper is to study the ecology suitability regionalization of Bergenia crassifolia[L.] Fritsch for selecting artificial planting base in Xinjiang. The method is based on the meteorological data of more than 30 weather stations of Xinjiang from 1963 to 2013,and climate similarity analysis method is used to rank the regionalization of climate suitability. The result has shown the most suitability areas of Bergenia crassifolia[L.] Fritsch planting are low altitudes around the Altay mountains. Tuscaloosa southeastern region and the western minority areas,northern Tianshan mountains in north-central and kunlun mountains and Kashgar region of the southwest mountainous area are suitable for the cultivation of Bergenia crassifolia (L.) Fritsch. It is concluded that using the climate similarity analysis method, and based on the climate,the ecology suitability regionalization of Bergenia crassifolia[L.] Fritsch can provide reference for selection of artificial planting bases.
Research on the Biomass of Four Major Tree Species in the Vegetation Restoration Pattern Area of Beichuan Nature Reserve
SHEN Jing-liang, FENG Yong-lin, ZHANG Jian-she, DENG Dong-zhou, SHAO Wen, SUN Zhi-peng, WANG Gang
2014, 35(4): 27-31. doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2014.04.006
Abstract:
This paper,by taking Quercus engleriana,Betula albo-sinensis,Abies faxoniana and Fargesia rufa in the vegetation restoration pattern area of Beichuan Nature Reserve as objects,studies were made of the biomass models of the four species as well as the biomass distribution law of single plant and growth rule of every organ. The result has indicated that in the compositions of all of the species,the proportions of truck biomass are the highest,those of leaves are the lowest and the biomass ratios between branches and roots vary depending on species; In the comparison of correlativity between the proportions of biomasses of all nutrition organs and biomass of single plant,and the relations are significant in general,the tree trunks are positively related while the roots are negatively related; proportions of dry biomasses of all species are significantly and negatively related to the proportions of leaf and branch biomasses while the biomass of leaves is significantly and positively related to the biomass of branches.
Statistical Analysis of Bird Species in Sichuan Province
FU Chang-kun, ZONG Hao, CHEN Shun-de, LIAO Ying, LI Dong-qiang, JIAO Rui-fang, LI Jiang, ZHENG Lang, FU Hua
2014, 35(4): 32-36. doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2014.04.007
Abstract:
Based on A Checklist on the Classification and Distribution of the Birds of China (Second Edition),The Colour Handbook of Birds of Sichuan,A Manual to Identify Sichuan Birds,A Handbook of the Birds of China,A Field Guide to the Birds of China,previous studies and the newly recorded data on avifauna of Sichuan province were summarized and re-analyzed. A total of 705 species were confirmed in the checklist of birds species in Sichuan,which belonged to 81 families and 21 orders, and accounted for 51.42% of the total number of bird species in China with the number of 1371 species. Among them,17 species belonged to GradeⅠof National protected animal,and 87 species to Grade Ⅱ,39 species to Chinese endemic species. Besides,9 species were listed in the appendixⅠof CITES (2013),and 65 species in the appendixⅡ.
Seven New Recorded Species of Isoptera in Sichuan Province
XU Peng, CHEN Shang-hai, ZENG Xiao-hu, TAN Su-jin
2014, 35(4): 37-41. doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2014.04.008
Abstract:
Species of termites in Chengdu region of Sichuan Province were systematically investigated during the period from 2009 to 2013,and seven new recorded Reticulitermes species were found,i. e.,Reticulitermes paralucifugus,Reticulitermes longipennis,Reticulitermes longigulus,Reticulitermes microcephalus, Reticulitermes jiangchengensis,Reticulitermes dabieshanensis,and Reticulitermes fukienensi. These new recorded species made the number of Reticulitermes species in Sichuan increased from 23 to 30,and the total number of termite species in Sichuan increased from 64 to 71. Although these termite species were only found to do damage to woods and garden trees,all of them might bring certain extent damage to the housing and building in Sichuan,thus termite control workers and some relevant departments should pay more attention on them.
Advances in Researches on the Soil Erosion Model
GAO Tian-lei, WU Ping, YIN Xue-ming
2014, 35(4): 42-44. doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2014.04.009
Abstract:
In this paper,a summary review is presented of the progress for development of the soil erosion models in domestic and foreign countries,and analysis is made of the models' characteristics in different phases. Based on these reviews and analyses,the direction of soil erosion model development is proposed, aiming to provide beneficial reference for the further development of soil erosion research.
A Monitoring Analysis Report on Staple Food Bamboos for Giant Pandas in Wolong Nature Reserve in 2013
LIU Ming-chong, YANG Xiao-jun, ZHANG Qing-yu, GUAN Xiao, TANG Hao, YANG Sen
2014, 35(4): 45-47. doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2014.04.010
Abstract:
In the giant panda's activity area,the fixed bamboo plots were set up in Wolong Nature Reserve and regularly monitored and measured,therefore mastering the activities of the wild pandas and the growth of their main food. Then some measures were adopted such as limiting grazing,vegetation restoration after the earthquake and ecological relocation in order to protect the primitive forests. The giant panda habitat was also restored and extended,thus the staple food bamboo for the giant panda got a better protection and devlopment.
2014, 35(4): 48-51. doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2014.04.011
Abstract:
Habitat Utilization of Commom Hill Partridges in the Brood Period
WANG Jiang-ping, XU Min, HAN Lian-xian
2014, 35(4): 52-55. doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2014.04.012
Abstract:
From April 10th to June 21th,2009,an investigation was conducted on the habitat of commom hill partridges in the brood period in Nankang Nature Park,Mt. Gaoligong. Principle component analysis indicated that there were six principle components in the brood period,and their cumulative contribution reached 77.512%,including seven factors. By using T-test and Mann-Whitney U-test,and making a contrast on used sites in the brood period and random plots,the results showed significant differences in six factors. In the brood period,commom hill partridges preferred to high shrub coverage and blocking degree.
Researches on Resource Status and Propagation Technique of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis
GU Hai-yan
2014, 35(4): 56-59. doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2014.04.013
Abstract:
Paris polyphylla var. chinensis is one of important medicinal plants in China. In recent years, the demand of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis is increasing year by year and the excessive digging has made its wild resources on the verge of exhaustion. Its propagation technology breakthrough can provide support for the sustainable development of its industry. This paper deals with the resource status of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis,the seed propagation technique,cutting propagation and tissue culture,and endophytic development.
2014, 35(4): 60-63. doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2014.04.014
Abstract:
Superior Individual Tree Selection of Walnut Resources in Huili County of Sichuan Province
JIAN Lian-ming, Wang Jing-lan
2014, 35(4): 64-68. doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2014.04.015
Abstract:
Based on the germplasm resource investigation of walnut trees in Huili County of Sichuan Province,3 superior individual tree strains were selected through preliminary,repeated and final selections. The 3 superior invividual tree strains were "Xiaoshu", "Taiping 1" and "Bailong 1". The Fresh fruit production per selected tree was 354 kg~418 kg,average mass of single nut was 5.54 g~15.61 g,the shell thickness was 1.45 mm~1.47 mm,the kernel percentage was 49.91%~50.41%,the crude protein was 20.53%~21.47%,and the crude fat was 65.22%~65.68%.
2014, 35(4): 69-71. doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2014.04.016
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Discussion on the Green Low Carbon Development Model in Guangyuan City
GONG Zhi-ming
2014, 35(4): 72-75. doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2014.04.017
Abstract:
Research was made of the current situation of the development of forestry in Guangyuan city in recent years,and discussion was made on adhering to the green low carbon path to develop modern forestry, and actively increase the city green quantity, highlight the original ecological characteristics,prominent native tree species characteristics, and the characteristics of low carbon,and implement the ecological project and urban greening project,aiming to promote the urban and rural green low carbon development and achieve initial results.
Atmospheric Correction of the Vegetation Information on the Basis of the Resources Satellite No. 1 QUICK and FLAASH
ZHU Guo-xiang, YE Rong-lian
2014, 35(4): 76-78,22. doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2014.04.018
Abstract:
In order to obtain more accurate ground vegetation information,ENVI's two methods of atmospheric correction were used to treat the sensing data of the Resources Satellite No. 1. After comparing the spectrum and image of the same object treated by two different methods,it was found that FLAASH atmosphere correction was a real effective method for local or global vegetation information.
Analysis and Investigation and Control Measures of Lophodermium piceae in Xiaojin County
FAN Cheng-zhi, JIA Yu-zhen, XIAO Yin-bo, ZHOU Jian-hua, PI Xiao-cui
2014, 35(4): 79-81,26. doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2014.04.019
Abstract:
In this paper,investigation and analysis were made of Lophodermium piceae in Xiaojin county. The resintts showed that the occurrence of Lophodermium piceae was mainly affected by climate,management,stand age and other comprehensive factors. To prevent and control Lophodermium piceae,the methods of artificial tending, artificial tending plus smoking agent, thinning plus smoking agent,chemicals spraying and dusting were adopted respectively according to the characteristics and topography-physiognomy of artificial spruce forest regeneration.
2014, 35(4): 82-84,16. doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2014.04.020
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2014, 35(4): 85-87. doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2014.04.021
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2014, 35(4): 88-90. doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2014.04.022
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Effects of Different Cutting Length of Common Camptotheca on the Survival Rate
FU Dai-ping
2014, 35(4): 91-92,31. doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2014.04.023
Abstract:
In plastic greenhouses with vermiculite as substratum,robust annual branches were cut into 6 cm,9 cm,12 cm,15 cm respectively. Cutting work was done after cuttings had been soaked in 100 mg·L-1 of ABT rooting powder for 1 hour. Analysis was made the survival rate. The results showed that the rooting rate of 12 cm cuttings was higher than other cuttings. The survival rate of 12 cm cuttings under the same conditions was 65%,and 9 cm and 15 cm cuttings were 45% and 44% respectively. The rooting rate of 6 cm cuttings was 31% and its rooting rate was low as compared with other cuttings. Therefore it could be found that there were significant differences in the their rooting ratio among different length of cuttings.
Ecological Park Design on the Basis of Local Culture——Taking Nanshan Ecological Park of Anyue County as an Example
ZHU Xue-juan, ZHENG Zhi-yong
2014, 35(4): 93-96. doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2014.04.024
Abstract:
In the paper,taking Anyue County Nanshan ecological park as an example,studies were made of the corresponding point and fusion methods of local cultural and ecological park, and some suggestions were finally put forward for the contemporary Bashu garden building as a reference based on the interpretation of local cultural and ecological park,and combined with the current design ideas and layout of the park. Besides,it is suggested that the sculpture,architecture, landscape plants,the spatial structure of overall cultural landscape should be taken as the breakthrough point.
A Primary Report on the Planning of Function Division of National Forest Park——Taking Jiajinshan National Forest Park (Part in Sichuan Baoxing County) as an Example
TU Jia, FAN Qiong-wen
2014, 35(4): 97-100,36. doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2014.04.025
Abstract:
In this Paper, guided by the code for master plan of national forest parks (LY/T 2005-2012),analysis was made of the purpose,principle and types of function division of forest parks. Furthermore,taking Jiajinshan National Forest Park (part in Sichuan Baoxing County) as an example,this park was divided into core landscape area,general recreation area,management and service area,and ecological conservation area. This function division not only laid a solid foundation for the rational planning of Jiajinshan National Forest Park,but also could provide a reference for other forest parks.
2014, 35(4): 101-106. doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2014.04.026
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2014, 35(4): 107-108,55. doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2014.04.027
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2014, 35(4): 109-111. doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2014.04.028
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2014, 35(4): 112-114. doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2014.04.029
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