Latest Accepted Papers
Articles in press have been peer-reviewed and accepted, which are not yet assigned to volumes /issues, but are citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI).
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202302130001
Abstract:
The Common garden experiment of Ginkgo biloba from different provenances was carried out.To reveal environmental influences on different provenances of Ginkgo biloba,To provide the basis for breeding the provenances and varieties of Ginkgo biloba with high medicinal value.The homogenous garden experiment of Ginkgo biloba from different provenances was carried out and the phenotypic characters and the contents of medicinal ingredients in were determined and the correlation analysis of the results was carried out. The results were as follows: (1) The transverse diameter,vertical diameter and hundred－grain weight of seeds from different provenances showed extremely significant differences (P<0.01), and in Kaijiang were the largest. (2) The Seedling height, leaf number per plant, Individual leaf weight and leaf weight per plant from different provenances showed extremely significant differences (P<0.01). The crown width was significant different (P=0.02). And Seedling height, leaf number per plant, crown width and leaf weight per plant of Kaijiang were the largest. Individual leaf weight of Luding was the largest. (3) The terpene lactones and bilobalide from different provenances showed extremely significant differences ( P<0.01).The flavonoids, Ginkgolide A and Ginkgolide B showed significant differences (P=0.02, P=0.03, P=0.019). And The flavonoids of Cangxi was the largest .The terpene lactones、bilobalide、Ginkgolide A and Ginkgolide B of Luding were the largest. (4) Seedling height was positively correlated with the Individual leaf weight (r=0.912). Terpene lactones were positively correlated with the content of bilobalide and Ginkgolide B (r=0.928和0.962).The results showed that Ginkgo biloba from different provenances had significant differences in the growth of offspring seedlings and the content of medicinal components after cultivation in homogenous orchard.These variations found are likely to be a result of long-term environmental adaptation.
The Common garden experiment of Ginkgo biloba from different provenances was carried out.To reveal environmental influences on different provenances of Ginkgo biloba,To provide the basis for breeding the provenances and varieties of Ginkgo biloba with high medicinal value.The homogenous garden experiment of Ginkgo biloba from different provenances was carried out and the phenotypic characters and the contents of medicinal ingredients in were determined and the correlation analysis of the results was carried out. The results were as follows: (1) The transverse diameter,vertical diameter and hundred－grain weight of seeds from different provenances showed extremely significant differences (P<0.01), and in Kaijiang were the largest. (2) The Seedling height, leaf number per plant, Individual leaf weight and leaf weight per plant from different provenances showed extremely significant differences (P<0.01). The crown width was significant different (P=0.02). And Seedling height, leaf number per plant, crown width and leaf weight per plant of Kaijiang were the largest. Individual leaf weight of Luding was the largest. (3) The terpene lactones and bilobalide from different provenances showed extremely significant differences ( P<0.01).The flavonoids, Ginkgolide A and Ginkgolide B showed significant differences (P=0.02, P=0.03, P=0.019). And The flavonoids of Cangxi was the largest .The terpene lactones、bilobalide、Ginkgolide A and Ginkgolide B of Luding were the largest. (4) Seedling height was positively correlated with the Individual leaf weight (r=0.912). Terpene lactones were positively correlated with the content of bilobalide and Ginkgolide B (r=0.928和0.962).The results showed that Ginkgo biloba from different provenances had significant differences in the growth of offspring seedlings and the content of medicinal components after cultivation in homogenous orchard.These variations found are likely to be a result of long-term environmental adaptation.
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202305220001
Abstract:
In order to explore the effect of altitude and canopy-shade on the size of Fargesia denudata, the plant size (basel diameter and plant height) and shape index had benn surveyed within Laohegou Nature Reserve, Pingwu County, northwestern Sichuan. The results showed: the basel diameter, plant height and shape index of Fargesia denudata within Laohegou Nature Reserve were 8.65 ± 1.67 mm, 243.2 ± 62.8 cm and 282.4 ± 53.6, respectively. And the Plant size and shape had certain plasticity, and been significantly affected by altitude and canopy-shade. The F. denudata from higher altitude had higher basel diameter and height. Canopy shading was conducive to F. denudata to grow higher and slenderer while F. denudata growed shorter and smaller.The present study highlighted that the Fargesia denudata could adapt to higher altitude and growed larger, the plant within the canopy-shade were slender than that from the sunny, which would help to manage the bamboo grove for giant panda.
In order to explore the effect of altitude and canopy-shade on the size of Fargesia denudata, the plant size (basel diameter and plant height) and shape index had benn surveyed within Laohegou Nature Reserve, Pingwu County, northwestern Sichuan. The results showed: the basel diameter, plant height and shape index of Fargesia denudata within Laohegou Nature Reserve were 8.65 ± 1.67 mm, 243.2 ± 62.8 cm and 282.4 ± 53.6, respectively. And the Plant size and shape had certain plasticity, and been significantly affected by altitude and canopy-shade. The F. denudata from higher altitude had higher basel diameter and height. Canopy shading was conducive to F. denudata to grow higher and slenderer while F. denudata growed shorter and smaller.The present study highlighted that the Fargesia denudata could adapt to higher altitude and growed larger, the plant within the canopy-shade were slender than that from the sunny, which would help to manage the bamboo grove for giant panda.
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202305190001
Abstract:
Phoebe zhennan is a precious and unique timber species in China. The establishment of a core collection have important value for the strengthen of resources protection and utilization, and speed up the breeding process of P. zhennan. Taking 102 germplasms of P. zhennan as materials. The methods of maximization strategy (M strategy), random sampling, simulated annealing algorithm maximizing the genetic diversity, and simulated annealing algorithm maximizing the number of alleles were used to construct the core collections using 14 SSR primers. The results showed that 166 alleles were detected by 14 SSR primers, and the average of the effective alleles was 4.875. The Shannon’s information index was 1.297, indicated relative high genetic diversity in the germplasms of P. zhennan. Comparative analysis showed that the core collections with relative high sampling proportion of constructed by maximization strategy, simulated annealing algorithm maximizing the genetic diversity, and simulated annealing algorithm maximizing the number of alleles were all showed high representativeness. The retention of alleles in core collections that constructed by simulated annealing algorithm maximizing the number of alleles and maximization strategy were all reached 100.00%, but the retention of the effective alleles and genetic diversity in core collection that constructed by algorithm maximizing the number of alleles were lower than maximization strategy. There was no obviously difference of the retention of Shannon’s information index in core collections that constructed by simulated annealing algorithm maximizing the genetic diversity and maximization strategy, but the alleles and effective alleles in core collection that constructed by maximization strategy were higher than simulated annealing algorithm maximizing the genetic diversity. Therefore, maximization strategy was the best sampling strategy in core collection construction according to the genetic diversity parameters. The principal coordinate analysis also showed that the core collection could represent the genetic diversity of the origin collection. The 60 germplasms includes 58.8% of the all germplasms, the retention of alleles, effective alleles, and Shannon’s information index were 100.00%, 120.51%, and 106.86%. Specific molecular identity for 60 core collections were established by the bands of 14 SSR primers, which could accurately identification the core collections. Our results provided theoretical basis and core materials for further research, utilization, and excellent gene resource mining of P. zhennan germplasms.
Phoebe zhennan is a precious and unique timber species in China. The establishment of a core collection have important value for the strengthen of resources protection and utilization, and speed up the breeding process of P. zhennan. Taking 102 germplasms of P. zhennan as materials. The methods of maximization strategy (M strategy), random sampling, simulated annealing algorithm maximizing the genetic diversity, and simulated annealing algorithm maximizing the number of alleles were used to construct the core collections using 14 SSR primers. The results showed that 166 alleles were detected by 14 SSR primers, and the average of the effective alleles was 4.875. The Shannon’s information index was 1.297, indicated relative high genetic diversity in the germplasms of P. zhennan. Comparative analysis showed that the core collections with relative high sampling proportion of constructed by maximization strategy, simulated annealing algorithm maximizing the genetic diversity, and simulated annealing algorithm maximizing the number of alleles were all showed high representativeness. The retention of alleles in core collections that constructed by simulated annealing algorithm maximizing the number of alleles and maximization strategy were all reached 100.00%, but the retention of the effective alleles and genetic diversity in core collection that constructed by algorithm maximizing the number of alleles were lower than maximization strategy. There was no obviously difference of the retention of Shannon’s information index in core collections that constructed by simulated annealing algorithm maximizing the genetic diversity and maximization strategy, but the alleles and effective alleles in core collection that constructed by maximization strategy were higher than simulated annealing algorithm maximizing the genetic diversity. Therefore, maximization strategy was the best sampling strategy in core collection construction according to the genetic diversity parameters. The principal coordinate analysis also showed that the core collection could represent the genetic diversity of the origin collection. The 60 germplasms includes 58.8% of the all germplasms, the retention of alleles, effective alleles, and Shannon’s information index were 100.00%, 120.51%, and 106.86%. Specific molecular identity for 60 core collections were established by the bands of 14 SSR primers, which could accurately identification the core collections. Our results provided theoretical basis and core materials for further research, utilization, and excellent gene resource mining of P. zhennan germplasms.
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202303100001
Abstract:
In order to understand the ecological and chemical metrological characteristics of C, N, P, K in various organs of the artificial cypress forest in the hilly area of central Sichuan, master the distribution pattern of nutrient elements in the cypress forest and the nutrient restriction status of various organs, samples were taken from the leaves, branches, trunks, bark, roots and other organs of the artificial cypress forest in this area to analyze their water content, C, N, P, K content, C/N, C/P and the correlation between various elements, The results showed that: (1) The contents of C, N, P, K in leaves were significantly higher than those in other organs; The highest C/N was in branches (69.25 ± 13.09) and the lowest was in leaves (34.05 ± 8.41). The C/P of each organ varies greatly. The C/P of leaves was the lowest (602.66 ± 208.75). There was no significant difference between leaf C content and bark and branch C content (P>0.05), but there was significant difference between leaf C content and stem and root C content (P<0.05). There was significant difference between the N content of leaves and bark and that of other organs (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the N content of stems, roots and branches (P>0.05). The P content in leaves was significantly different from that in other organs (P<0.05), but not in other organs (P>0.05). The C/N of bark and leaf were significantly different from that of other organs (P<0.05), while the C/N of trunk, root and branch were not significantly different (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in C/P between root, stem and branch (P>0.05), but significant difference in C/P between root, bark and leaf (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the C/P of bark and that of leaves and branches (P>0.05). Except that there was no significant difference between the C/P of leaves and bark (P>0.05), there was significant difference between the C/P of leaves and other organs (P<0.05). (2) The coefficient of variation of C content in all organs was below 7%, which belonged to weak variation; Except for the weak variation of stem, the rest of N content belonged to the medium variation; P content was moderate variation in leaves and branches, but strong variation in stems, roots and bark; The law of K content is similar to that of P content. (3) N was positively correlated with C (P<0.05), positively correlated with P and K (P<0.01), and negatively correlated with C/P (P<0.01); C content was positively correlated with K (P<0.05) and negatively correlated with C/N (P<0.05); P content was positively correlated with K (P<0.01) and negatively correlated with C/P (P<0.01); K content was negatively correlated with C/N and C/P (P<0.01); C/N was positively correlated with C/P (P<0.01).(4) The content of N and P in the cypress forest is relatively scarce, so N and P fertilizer should be reasonably increased, or the mixed forest should be formed by thinning and replanting alder and other leguminous plants to improve the soil capacity and promote the nutrient cycle of the forest land.
In order to understand the ecological and chemical metrological characteristics of C, N, P, K in various organs of the artificial cypress forest in the hilly area of central Sichuan, master the distribution pattern of nutrient elements in the cypress forest and the nutrient restriction status of various organs, samples were taken from the leaves, branches, trunks, bark, roots and other organs of the artificial cypress forest in this area to analyze their water content, C, N, P, K content, C/N, C/P and the correlation between various elements, The results showed that: (1) The contents of C, N, P, K in leaves were significantly higher than those in other organs; The highest C/N was in branches (69.25 ± 13.09) and the lowest was in leaves (34.05 ± 8.41). The C/P of each organ varies greatly. The C/P of leaves was the lowest (602.66 ± 208.75). There was no significant difference between leaf C content and bark and branch C content (P>0.05), but there was significant difference between leaf C content and stem and root C content (P<0.05). There was significant difference between the N content of leaves and bark and that of other organs (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the N content of stems, roots and branches (P>0.05). The P content in leaves was significantly different from that in other organs (P<0.05), but not in other organs (P>0.05). The C/N of bark and leaf were significantly different from that of other organs (P<0.05), while the C/N of trunk, root and branch were not significantly different (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in C/P between root, stem and branch (P>0.05), but significant difference in C/P between root, bark and leaf (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the C/P of bark and that of leaves and branches (P>0.05). Except that there was no significant difference between the C/P of leaves and bark (P>0.05), there was significant difference between the C/P of leaves and other organs (P<0.05). (2) The coefficient of variation of C content in all organs was below 7%, which belonged to weak variation; Except for the weak variation of stem, the rest of N content belonged to the medium variation; P content was moderate variation in leaves and branches, but strong variation in stems, roots and bark; The law of K content is similar to that of P content. (3) N was positively correlated with C (P<0.05), positively correlated with P and K (P<0.01), and negatively correlated with C/P (P<0.01); C content was positively correlated with K (P<0.05) and negatively correlated with C/N (P<0.05); P content was positively correlated with K (P<0.01) and negatively correlated with C/P (P<0.01); K content was negatively correlated with C/N and C/P (P<0.01); C/N was positively correlated with C/P (P<0.01).(4) The content of N and P in the cypress forest is relatively scarce, so N and P fertilizer should be reasonably increased, or the mixed forest should be formed by thinning and replanting alder and other leguminous plants to improve the soil capacity and promote the nutrient cycle of the forest land.
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202302280001
Abstract:
As an important indicator organ of bamboo forest health, bamboo leaves are an important place for the survival and reproduction of microorganisms around bamboo leaves, as well as an important entrance for pathogenic microorganisms to invade, which will affect the health of wild red pandas. In order to investigate the interannual variation of bacteria communities in red pandas foraging bamboos phyllosphere, high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the composition and diversity of phyllosphere bacteria of Yushania ailuropodina in Sichuan Meigu Dafengding National Nature Reserve. The results showed that OTUs was most abundant in November, and the number of OTUs decreased from September 2021 to August 2022. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota and Acidobacteriota were the predominant phyla in whole 12 months, and the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in June, July and August was higher than that in other months. But the relative abundance of Bacteroidota was lower than that of other months. The relative abundance of Pseudomonas in June, July and August was significantly higher than that in other months, but the relative abundance of Pseudomonas and 1174-901-12 in June, July and August was lower than that in other months. The Sobs and Shannon index of phyllosphere bacteria in September, October and November were higher than those in other months. PCoA analysis based on weighted/unweighted UniFrac distance showed that the bacterial community structure of phyllosphere bacteria varied from different months at OTU level. This study improved our understanding of phyllosphere bacteria in red pandas foraging bamboos, and provided a reference for the protection of bamboo resources.
As an important indicator organ of bamboo forest health, bamboo leaves are an important place for the survival and reproduction of microorganisms around bamboo leaves, as well as an important entrance for pathogenic microorganisms to invade, which will affect the health of wild red pandas. In order to investigate the interannual variation of bacteria communities in red pandas foraging bamboos phyllosphere, high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the composition and diversity of phyllosphere bacteria of Yushania ailuropodina in Sichuan Meigu Dafengding National Nature Reserve. The results showed that OTUs was most abundant in November, and the number of OTUs decreased from September 2021 to August 2022. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota and Acidobacteriota were the predominant phyla in whole 12 months, and the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in June, July and August was higher than that in other months. But the relative abundance of Bacteroidota was lower than that of other months. The relative abundance of Pseudomonas in June, July and August was significantly higher than that in other months, but the relative abundance of Pseudomonas and 1174-901-12 in June, July and August was lower than that in other months. The Sobs and Shannon index of phyllosphere bacteria in September, October and November were higher than those in other months. PCoA analysis based on weighted/unweighted UniFrac distance showed that the bacterial community structure of phyllosphere bacteria varied from different months at OTU level. This study improved our understanding of phyllosphere bacteria in red pandas foraging bamboos, and provided a reference for the protection of bamboo resources.
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202301100001
Abstract:
Walking has been proved to have a positive impact on public health. As an important place for residents to carry out walking activities, urban park road environment characteristics have direct or indirect impacts on walking, behavior, psychological perception and population health. This paper takes the road environment of Chengdu Huanhuaxi Park and Dayuan Central Park as the research object, extracts three types of characteristic elements of nature, perception and facilities, and based on the theory of health restorative effect, relies on field environmental questionnaire survey to obtain data. Finally, through regression analysis, Seven restorative key feature elements of main roads were screened (natural feature elements: richness of plant color, number of flowering plants; facility feature elements: number of recreational facilities, hardness of pavement; perceptual feature elements: sense of nature, spatial suitability (D/H) ratio), and road alignment), There are 5 key characteristic elements of the secondary road restoration of the urban park (natural characteristic elements: lawn covering form, richness of plant species; facility characteristic elements: diversified aesthetics of pavement; perceptual characteristic elements: spatial suitability (D/H) ratio, and tranquility and ease), There are 8 key characteristic elements of path recovery in urban parks (natural characteristic elements: flowering plants, waterscape, terrain richness; facility characteristic elements: pavement flatness; perception characteristic elements: road alignment, shade degree, spatial interface density). Through the analysis of demographic characteristic data, it is concluded that 1) age has an impact on the restorative effect and the score of characteristic elements. 2) The residence time has an impact on the restorative effect and the evaluation of perceptual characteristics. 3) In the most expected decompression activities, people who choose relaxation, thinking and leisure sports will have differences in the scores of natural characteristics.
Walking has been proved to have a positive impact on public health. As an important place for residents to carry out walking activities, urban park road environment characteristics have direct or indirect impacts on walking, behavior, psychological perception and population health. This paper takes the road environment of Chengdu Huanhuaxi Park and Dayuan Central Park as the research object, extracts three types of characteristic elements of nature, perception and facilities, and based on the theory of health restorative effect, relies on field environmental questionnaire survey to obtain data. Finally, through regression analysis, Seven restorative key feature elements of main roads were screened (natural feature elements: richness of plant color, number of flowering plants; facility feature elements: number of recreational facilities, hardness of pavement; perceptual feature elements: sense of nature, spatial suitability (D/H) ratio), and road alignment), There are 5 key characteristic elements of the secondary road restoration of the urban park (natural characteristic elements: lawn covering form, richness of plant species; facility characteristic elements: diversified aesthetics of pavement; perceptual characteristic elements: spatial suitability (D/H) ratio, and tranquility and ease), There are 8 key characteristic elements of path recovery in urban parks (natural characteristic elements: flowering plants, waterscape, terrain richness; facility characteristic elements: pavement flatness; perception characteristic elements: road alignment, shade degree, spatial interface density). Through the analysis of demographic characteristic data, it is concluded that 1) age has an impact on the restorative effect and the score of characteristic elements. 2) The residence time has an impact on the restorative effect and the evaluation of perceptual characteristics. 3) In the most expected decompression activities, people who choose relaxation, thinking and leisure sports will have differences in the scores of natural characteristics.
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202211220001
Abstract:
Using the method of 1km × 2 km mechanical distribution, a total of 60 tree plots were investigated in northern Anning River basin. The results showed that among the 60 sample plots, there were 2 758 trees in 18 categories with DBH ≥ 5 cm, The average density is 932 plants·hm−2; diameter grade is mainly 6~20 cm, accounting for 84.63% of the total number of plants; The Shannon Weiner index and Simpson index of Pinus yunnanensis diameter stage fluctuated more than the whole; Canonical correspondence analysis shows that the distribution and diversity of diameters are mainly affected by density, elevation and slope. To sum up, the diversity of diameter of Pinus yunnanensis community is affected by the change of density, elevation and slope. The study revealed the diversity change of the stand diameter of Pinus yunnanensis community and the main stand factors and environmental factors leading to the change of its diversity, which can provide a theoretical basis for the rational management of the natural forest of Pinus yunnanensis.
Using the method of 1km × 2 km mechanical distribution, a total of 60 tree plots were investigated in northern Anning River basin. The results showed that among the 60 sample plots, there were 2 758 trees in 18 categories with DBH ≥ 5 cm, The average density is 932 plants·hm−2; diameter grade is mainly 6~20 cm, accounting for 84.63% of the total number of plants; The Shannon Weiner index and Simpson index of Pinus yunnanensis diameter stage fluctuated more than the whole; Canonical correspondence analysis shows that the distribution and diversity of diameters are mainly affected by density, elevation and slope. To sum up, the diversity of diameter of Pinus yunnanensis community is affected by the change of density, elevation and slope. The study revealed the diversity change of the stand diameter of Pinus yunnanensis community and the main stand factors and environmental factors leading to the change of its diversity, which can provide a theoretical basis for the rational management of the natural forest of Pinus yunnanensis.
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202302060001
Abstract:
The aim of this paper is to explore the correlation between forest community and understory giant panda feeding bamboo in the giant panda habitat of the Daxiangling mountain. Line transects and quadrats had been used to collect community structural characteristics and growth index of forest community and understory Qiongzhuea multigemmia. We used generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) and linear hybrid model (LMM) to analysis. The results showed that: (1) the canopy density of tree layer had significant effects on the basal diameter of annual, perennial and bamboo shoots, the number of live and dead bamboo, the height of bamboo shoots; the number of trees had significant effects on the number of bamboo shoots, the number of dead bamboo and live bamboo; the average height of trees had significant effects on the number of bamboo shoots, height and base diameter of annual and perennial bamboos. (2) the number of bamboo shoots increased with the increase of number and average tree height; the number of live and dead bamboo decreased with the increase of canopy density and number of trees; the average height of annual bamboo decreased with the increase of the average height of trees; the average base diameter of the annual bamboo decreased with the increase of the canopy density of tree layer and the average height of the trees; the average height and base diameter of the perennial bamboo increased with the increase of the average height of the trees; the height of bamboo shoot increased with the increase of canopy density of tree layer; the average base diameter of perennial bamboo and shoot decreased with the increase of canopy density of tree layer. This study provided a quantitative basis for the restoration of the giant panda habitat in this region.
The aim of this paper is to explore the correlation between forest community and understory giant panda feeding bamboo in the giant panda habitat of the Daxiangling mountain. Line transects and quadrats had been used to collect community structural characteristics and growth index of forest community and understory Qiongzhuea multigemmia. We used generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) and linear hybrid model (LMM) to analysis. The results showed that: (1) the canopy density of tree layer had significant effects on the basal diameter of annual, perennial and bamboo shoots, the number of live and dead bamboo, the height of bamboo shoots; the number of trees had significant effects on the number of bamboo shoots, the number of dead bamboo and live bamboo; the average height of trees had significant effects on the number of bamboo shoots, height and base diameter of annual and perennial bamboos. (2) the number of bamboo shoots increased with the increase of number and average tree height; the number of live and dead bamboo decreased with the increase of canopy density and number of trees; the average height of annual bamboo decreased with the increase of the average height of trees; the average base diameter of the annual bamboo decreased with the increase of the canopy density of tree layer and the average height of the trees; the average height and base diameter of the perennial bamboo increased with the increase of the average height of the trees; the height of bamboo shoot increased with the increase of canopy density of tree layer; the average base diameter of perennial bamboo and shoot decreased with the increase of canopy density of tree layer. This study provided a quantitative basis for the restoration of the giant panda habitat in this region.
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202212080001
Abstract:
In order to understand the effects of drought stress and different temperature treatments on seed germination of Diospyros dumetorum, to clarify the appropriate temperature for seed germination and PEG drought tolerance degree, and to explore the drought resistance ability of Maoye persimmon seeds during germination. The simulated drought stress test of PEG-6000 solution (0%, 5%,10%,15%, 20%, 25%) was carried out on Diospyros dumetorum seeds at 10℃,15℃,20℃,25℃,30℃ and other temperatures. The results showed that :(1) low temperature (0℃, 10℃) seeds could not germinate, severe drought stress (25% PEG) seeds did not germinate. (2) Diospyros dumetorum seeds can germinate at temperatures of 15℃, 20℃, 25℃, 30℃ and PEG mild drought (5% PEG), moderate drought (10% PEG, 15% PEG) and severe drought (20% PEG), and germination indexes of seeds with more than 10% PEG concentration are inhibited to different degrees. (3) With the increase of PEG concentration, the stress degree of seeds was higher, and the germination indexes of seeds showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. Conclusion: The germination of Diospyros dumetorumn seeds is greatly affected by temperature and drought stress. The suitable temperature for seed germination is 20℃~30℃, and the PEG drought tolerance range is 0~20% PEG drought condition. The germination rate was negatively correlated with PEG concentration (P<0.05), and the germination index and vigor index were negatively correlated with PEG concentration (P<0.01). Drought resistance index was negatively correlated with PEG concentration, but the correlation was not significant (P>0.05).
In order to understand the effects of drought stress and different temperature treatments on seed germination of Diospyros dumetorum, to clarify the appropriate temperature for seed germination and PEG drought tolerance degree, and to explore the drought resistance ability of Maoye persimmon seeds during germination. The simulated drought stress test of PEG-6000 solution (0%, 5%,10%,15%, 20%, 25%) was carried out on Diospyros dumetorum seeds at 10℃,15℃,20℃,25℃,30℃ and other temperatures. The results showed that :(1) low temperature (0℃, 10℃) seeds could not germinate, severe drought stress (25% PEG) seeds did not germinate. (2) Diospyros dumetorum seeds can germinate at temperatures of 15℃, 20℃, 25℃, 30℃ and PEG mild drought (5% PEG), moderate drought (10% PEG, 15% PEG) and severe drought (20% PEG), and germination indexes of seeds with more than 10% PEG concentration are inhibited to different degrees. (3) With the increase of PEG concentration, the stress degree of seeds was higher, and the germination indexes of seeds showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. Conclusion: The germination of Diospyros dumetorumn seeds is greatly affected by temperature and drought stress. The suitable temperature for seed germination is 20℃~30℃, and the PEG drought tolerance range is 0~20% PEG drought condition. The germination rate was negatively correlated with PEG concentration (P<0.05), and the germination index and vigor index were negatively correlated with PEG concentration (P<0.01). Drought resistance index was negatively correlated with PEG concentration, but the correlation was not significant (P>0.05).
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202211070001
Abstract:
Histiopteris incisa (Thunb.) J. Sm.,a new record species of Dennstaedtiaceae was reported in Mount Emei,Sichuan Province. Description and characteristic photos of the species are provided. The voucher specimen was stored in the National Herbarium of Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences (PE).
Histiopteris incisa (Thunb.) J. Sm.,a new record species of Dennstaedtiaceae was reported in Mount Emei,Sichuan Province. Description and characteristic photos of the species are provided. The voucher specimen was stored in the National Herbarium of Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences (PE).
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202303080002
Abstract:
The Duomeilinka National Wetland Park belongs to the permanent river wetland, which located in the convergent hinge of Sichuan Province, Qinghai Province and Gansu Province. Up to now, the investigation on the diversity of birds in this wetland park is fairly insufficient. From 2017 to 2019, the faunas, community structure and spatial types of wide birds in the Duomeilinka National Wetland Park were surveyed, including 90 residents (51.14%), 43 summer visitors (24.43%), 43 winter visitors (16.48%) and 14 passage migrants (7.80%). Among them, 111 species are Palearetic origin, 42 species are Oriental origin, and 23 species are widespread, which account for 63.07%, 23.86% and 13.09% of the total number of species, respectively. In total of 44 species of species protected birds are present in the wetland park, including 11 and 25 species respectively listed on China's National Protected Animals List Class I and Class II, and 8 species were listed on key protected animals of Sichuan Province. The results of G-F index showed that there was a great avian diversity of the genus and family level in the Duomeilinka National Wetland Park. In addition, some similarities and many differences in the avian diversity and community structure were also found among four habitats types through the analysis of the similarity index and G-F index. This study provides evidence to avian protection and the later stage management of Duomeilinka National Wetland Park.
The Duomeilinka National Wetland Park belongs to the permanent river wetland, which located in the convergent hinge of Sichuan Province, Qinghai Province and Gansu Province. Up to now, the investigation on the diversity of birds in this wetland park is fairly insufficient. From 2017 to 2019, the faunas, community structure and spatial types of wide birds in the Duomeilinka National Wetland Park were surveyed, including 90 residents (51.14%), 43 summer visitors (24.43%), 43 winter visitors (16.48%) and 14 passage migrants (7.80%). Among them, 111 species are Palearetic origin, 42 species are Oriental origin, and 23 species are widespread, which account for 63.07%, 23.86% and 13.09% of the total number of species, respectively. In total of 44 species of species protected birds are present in the wetland park, including 11 and 25 species respectively listed on China's National Protected Animals List Class I and Class II, and 8 species were listed on key protected animals of Sichuan Province. The results of G-F index showed that there was a great avian diversity of the genus and family level in the Duomeilinka National Wetland Park. In addition, some similarities and many differences in the avian diversity and community structure were also found among four habitats types through the analysis of the similarity index and G-F index. This study provides evidence to avian protection and the later stage management of Duomeilinka National Wetland Park.
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202212050003
Abstract:
Three American Lagerstroemia indica varieties (Red Rocket, Red Fireball and Red Leaf) and two Sichuan native Lagerstroemia indica varieties (Sichuan Pink Flower and Sichuan White Flower) were used as parents for intraspecific hybridization. Three seed traits, including fruit setting rate, seed setting rate and seed germination rate, were investigated, and the heritability, correlation heritability and correlation coefficient of the three seed traits were determined; The spore suspension infection method was used to inoculate the progeny, and the hybrid combinations resistant to powdery mildew were selected according to the disease classification of the progeny. The results showed that: (1) the seed characters of hybrid combinations were significantly different and were significantly lower than the offspring of free pollination. (2) the seeds were harvested in 12 hybrid combinations, and only 8 of them could germinate. therefore, parental collocation should be fully considered in Lagerstroemia indica hybrid design. (3) the heritability of fruit and seed traits was all above 0.99, and the correlation heritability of fruit setting rate with seed setting rate and germination rate was all above 0.8. The efficiency of early selection of seed setting rate and germination rate by using fruit setting rate traits was 88.37% and 84.47%, respectively. (4) the test of powdery mildew resistance of the offspring of 8 hybrid combinations showed that the resistance of some of the hybrid progenies of Sino-American combination was good, while some of them were very poor. The F1 generation of the hybrid combination "Red Rocket × Sichuan White Flower" showed the best resistance, all the tested progenies were resistant to the disease, and the hybrid combination of "Red Rocket × Sichuan White Flower" showed the second best resistance. However, the F1 generation of "Sichuan Pink Flower × American Red Leaf" had the worst resistance. The hybrids of local varieties represent equilibrium. (5) 8 immune plants and 25 highly resistant plants were screened. The hybrid combinations and types of resistance to powdery mildew provide the material basis for Lagerstroemia indica resistance breeding.
Three American Lagerstroemia indica varieties (Red Rocket, Red Fireball and Red Leaf) and two Sichuan native Lagerstroemia indica varieties (Sichuan Pink Flower and Sichuan White Flower) were used as parents for intraspecific hybridization. Three seed traits, including fruit setting rate, seed setting rate and seed germination rate, were investigated, and the heritability, correlation heritability and correlation coefficient of the three seed traits were determined; The spore suspension infection method was used to inoculate the progeny, and the hybrid combinations resistant to powdery mildew were selected according to the disease classification of the progeny. The results showed that: (1) the seed characters of hybrid combinations were significantly different and were significantly lower than the offspring of free pollination. (2) the seeds were harvested in 12 hybrid combinations, and only 8 of them could germinate. therefore, parental collocation should be fully considered in Lagerstroemia indica hybrid design. (3) the heritability of fruit and seed traits was all above 0.99, and the correlation heritability of fruit setting rate with seed setting rate and germination rate was all above 0.8. The efficiency of early selection of seed setting rate and germination rate by using fruit setting rate traits was 88.37% and 84.47%, respectively. (4) the test of powdery mildew resistance of the offspring of 8 hybrid combinations showed that the resistance of some of the hybrid progenies of Sino-American combination was good, while some of them were very poor. The F1 generation of the hybrid combination "Red Rocket × Sichuan White Flower" showed the best resistance, all the tested progenies were resistant to the disease, and the hybrid combination of "Red Rocket × Sichuan White Flower" showed the second best resistance. However, the F1 generation of "Sichuan Pink Flower × American Red Leaf" had the worst resistance. The hybrids of local varieties represent equilibrium. (5) 8 immune plants and 25 highly resistant plants were screened. The hybrid combinations and types of resistance to powdery mildew provide the material basis for Lagerstroemia indica resistance breeding.
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202211150002
Abstract:
Based on the Algerian forest fire data, through the decision tree algorithm in Spark MLlib, a feature parameter with high correlation is proposed to improve the performance of the model and predict forest fires. For the main parameters, such as temperature, wind speed, rain and the main indicators in the Canadian forest fire weather index (FWI) system, in combination with the classification of forest fires, a decision tree based fire prediction model was built using the information gain criterion for Gini's binary decision tree to classify sample data; Innovatively analyze the correlation among different feature parameters, remove those with high correlation, and build machine learning workflow using the big data computing framework spark, which combines Pearson's coefficient to calculate correlation with decision tree classification algorithm, so as to optimize the model and improve the prediction classification accuracy. Before the improvement of the prediction model, the total accuracy of forest fire prediction classification without correlation analysis was 94.94%; After the improvement of the prediction model, the correlation analysis was carried out, and the characteristic parameter data with high correlation was eliminated. The total accuracy of forest fire prediction classification was 97.17%, and the accuracy rate was improved by nearly 3%. The machine learning algorithm in Spark MLlib has a high accuracy in forest fire prediction and classification. Especially after combining multiple data mining algorithms, the model performance is improved and the prediction and classification accuracy is higher.
Based on the Algerian forest fire data, through the decision tree algorithm in Spark MLlib, a feature parameter with high correlation is proposed to improve the performance of the model and predict forest fires. For the main parameters, such as temperature, wind speed, rain and the main indicators in the Canadian forest fire weather index (FWI) system, in combination with the classification of forest fires, a decision tree based fire prediction model was built using the information gain criterion for Gini's binary decision tree to classify sample data; Innovatively analyze the correlation among different feature parameters, remove those with high correlation, and build machine learning workflow using the big data computing framework spark, which combines Pearson's coefficient to calculate correlation with decision tree classification algorithm, so as to optimize the model and improve the prediction classification accuracy. Before the improvement of the prediction model, the total accuracy of forest fire prediction classification without correlation analysis was 94.94%; After the improvement of the prediction model, the correlation analysis was carried out, and the characteristic parameter data with high correlation was eliminated. The total accuracy of forest fire prediction classification was 97.17%, and the accuracy rate was improved by nearly 3%. The machine learning algorithm in Spark MLlib has a high accuracy in forest fire prediction and classification. Especially after combining multiple data mining algorithms, the model performance is improved and the prediction and classification accuracy is higher.
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202211200001
Abstract:
During field trips of spring 2022, some larvae of Pyrochroidae were found and collected from Guangxi Province. The species association was confirmed by rearing larvae into adult stage and identified as Pseudopyrochroa depressa Pic, 1914. This specie was first recorded in mainland China, while the genus was first recorded from Guangxi Province. In this paper, the author redescribes Pseudopyrochroa depressa Pic in both adults’ and larval stage and provides taxonomic notes on natural history observations and ethology.
During field trips of spring 2022, some larvae of Pyrochroidae were found and collected from Guangxi Province. The species association was confirmed by rearing larvae into adult stage and identified as Pseudopyrochroa depressa Pic, 1914. This specie was first recorded in mainland China, while the genus was first recorded from Guangxi Province. In this paper, the author redescribes Pseudopyrochroa depressa Pic in both adults’ and larval stage and provides taxonomic notes on natural history observations and ethology.
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202211070002
Abstract:
Stilphotia candida Staudinger was introduced into Tibet in recent years important pest damage tree growth,Through the systematic research, the biological characteristics of the insect pests for prevention and control of the region Stilphotia candida Staudinger and subsequent in-depth study to lay a theoretical basis.Through field investigation, regular observation combined with indoor breeding methods,In April 2021 to July 2022, wheat village in nyingchi fixed-point observation base on a regular basis,Sampling indoor feeding and watch at the same time, the research on Stilphotia candida Staudinger in Tibet nyingchi area of each insect state in morphological characteristics, life habit and life cycle.Conclusion: The Stilphotia candida Staudinger in Tibet nyingchi area happened in a generation, began in September to 2—3 instar larvae overwintering, Wintering site mainly in willow bark sewn inside or in the litter layer surface, overwintering larvae in the following year in late April harm poplar,For feather peak in late June, Willow new exhibition leaf,Found in the process of raising the host volatiles is Stilphotia candida Staudinger eggs hatch normal one of the necessary conditions,No host volatiles stimulate eggs can develop normally but larvae cannot be hatched;Willow leaves to distinguish found Beijing breed Yang Ye feeding larvae under the larval stage significantly shorter than the white under the willow feeding larvae stage, and higher survival rate of larvae.Larva Stilphotia candida Staudinger adult eclosion during the night, the morning activity copulation, mating time 11—17 h.Natural temperature conditions measured egg stage, larval stage and pupal stage, male/female adult period of 20.17±2.34 d、44.03±4.00 d、9.67±1.81 d、5.7 ±0.84 /4.9±0.94 d.
Stilphotia candida Staudinger was introduced into Tibet in recent years important pest damage tree growth,Through the systematic research, the biological characteristics of the insect pests for prevention and control of the region Stilphotia candida Staudinger and subsequent in-depth study to lay a theoretical basis.Through field investigation, regular observation combined with indoor breeding methods,In April 2021 to July 2022, wheat village in nyingchi fixed-point observation base on a regular basis,Sampling indoor feeding and watch at the same time, the research on Stilphotia candida Staudinger in Tibet nyingchi area of each insect state in morphological characteristics, life habit and life cycle.Conclusion: The Stilphotia candida Staudinger in Tibet nyingchi area happened in a generation, began in September to 2—3 instar larvae overwintering, Wintering site mainly in willow bark sewn inside or in the litter layer surface, overwintering larvae in the following year in late April harm poplar,For feather peak in late June, Willow new exhibition leaf,Found in the process of raising the host volatiles is Stilphotia candida Staudinger eggs hatch normal one of the necessary conditions,No host volatiles stimulate eggs can develop normally but larvae cannot be hatched;Willow leaves to distinguish found Beijing breed Yang Ye feeding larvae under the larval stage significantly shorter than the white under the willow feeding larvae stage, and higher survival rate of larvae.Larva Stilphotia candida Staudinger adult eclosion during the night, the morning activity copulation, mating time 11—17 h.Natural temperature conditions measured egg stage, larval stage and pupal stage, male/female adult period of 20.17±2.34 d、44.03±4.00 d、9.67±1.81 d、5.7 ±0.84 /4.9±0.94 d.
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202211210001
Abstract:
Taking Robinia pseudoacacia and Armeniaca sibirica as test materials commonly used afforestation trees in semi-arid area, the water-retaining agent was mixed with microbial agent to analyze the effects on plant height, ground diameter and leaf area under different treatmentsand.so as to provide a theoretical basis for the application of water retaining agent and microbial agent in actual afforestation. The results showed when water retaining agent (T7) concentration was 30 g·plant−1, the effect on the height of Robinia pseudoacacia was best, which was 2.69 times of the control group (T1). The 20 g·plant−1 water-retaining agent (T4) had the highest promoting effect on plant height, which was 20.94% higher than control group. Under the treatment of 10 g·plant−1 microbial agent (T3) and 5 g·plant−1 microbial agent (T2), the ground diameter growth of Robinia pseudoacacia and apricot was the largest, reaching 6.42 cmand 6.39 cm, respectively. Mixed application treatment had the best effect on the growth of leaf area, and the maximum value was reached in T8 (30 g·plant−1water retaining agent +5 g·plant−1 microbial agent) and T5 (20 g·plant−1 water retaining agent +5 g·plant−1 microbial agent) for apricot and robinia pseudoacacia. Through K value analysis, it was found that the effect of water retaining agent on the growth of plant height and leaf area of Robinia pseudoacacia was more significant than that of microbial inoculants, both of which showed the law of falling first and then rising, and had little difference on the growth of ground diameter. For apricot, the effect of microbial inoculants on the growth of plant height was more significant than that of water retaining agent, and had little difference on the growth of ground diameter and leaf area.
Taking Robinia pseudoacacia and Armeniaca sibirica as test materials commonly used afforestation trees in semi-arid area, the water-retaining agent was mixed with microbial agent to analyze the effects on plant height, ground diameter and leaf area under different treatmentsand.so as to provide a theoretical basis for the application of water retaining agent and microbial agent in actual afforestation. The results showed when water retaining agent (T7) concentration was 30 g·plant−1, the effect on the height of Robinia pseudoacacia was best, which was 2.69 times of the control group (T1). The 20 g·plant−1 water-retaining agent (T4) had the highest promoting effect on plant height, which was 20.94% higher than control group. Under the treatment of 10 g·plant−1 microbial agent (T3) and 5 g·plant−1 microbial agent (T2), the ground diameter growth of Robinia pseudoacacia and apricot was the largest, reaching 6.42 cmand 6.39 cm, respectively. Mixed application treatment had the best effect on the growth of leaf area, and the maximum value was reached in T8 (30 g·plant−1water retaining agent +5 g·plant−1 microbial agent) and T5 (20 g·plant−1 water retaining agent +5 g·plant−1 microbial agent) for apricot and robinia pseudoacacia. Through K value analysis, it was found that the effect of water retaining agent on the growth of plant height and leaf area of Robinia pseudoacacia was more significant than that of microbial inoculants, both of which showed the law of falling first and then rising, and had little difference on the growth of ground diameter. For apricot, the effect of microbial inoculants on the growth of plant height was more significant than that of water retaining agent, and had little difference on the growth of ground diameter and leaf area.
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202210270002
Abstract:
Garden painting interacts with Chinese gardens in the course of historical development. From the perspective of the current protection and inheritance of classical gardens, garden painting has certain research value in landscape architecture for the study of garden history, and exploring the symbiotic relationship between garden painting and garden construction is an important research field, and there is still broad room for development. This paper systematically reviews the landscape research literature of garden painting, analyzes five main research fields, including cultural characteristics and development influence, aesthetic association and artistic conception expression, image vision and space construction, garden elements and landscape, restoration and recoverability, through data collection and bibliometrics, summarizes the application and connection of garden painting in garden construction, and provides certain reference value for garden design.
Garden painting interacts with Chinese gardens in the course of historical development. From the perspective of the current protection and inheritance of classical gardens, garden painting has certain research value in landscape architecture for the study of garden history, and exploring the symbiotic relationship between garden painting and garden construction is an important research field, and there is still broad room for development. This paper systematically reviews the landscape research literature of garden painting, analyzes five main research fields, including cultural characteristics and development influence, aesthetic association and artistic conception expression, image vision and space construction, garden elements and landscape, restoration and recoverability, through data collection and bibliometrics, summarizes the application and connection of garden painting in garden construction, and provides certain reference value for garden design.
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202211040002
Abstract:
Aralia Linn as both food and medicine wild plant, has high nutritional and medical value. Exploring the differences and correlations of inclusions in the burgeens of different kinds of Aralia can provide reference for breeding and promotion of Aralia with higher nutritional value. The contents of chlorophyll, anthocyanin, protein, vitamin C, saponin, flavone and polyphenol in the burgeens of Aralia echinocaulis and Aralia caesia were measured, whose the differences and correlations were analyzed. It was found that the contents of anthocyanins, saponins and polyphenols in the burgeens of Aralia echinocaulis were significantly higher than those in the burgeens of Aralia caesia; the contents of flavonoids were significantly lower than those in the burgeens of Aralia caesia; there were no significant differences in the contents of chlorophyll, vitamin C and protein between them. It is preliminarily thought that the nutritional value of Aralia echinacea is slightly higher than that of Aralia caesia.
Aralia Linn as both food and medicine wild plant, has high nutritional and medical value. Exploring the differences and correlations of inclusions in the burgeens of different kinds of Aralia can provide reference for breeding and promotion of Aralia with higher nutritional value. The contents of chlorophyll, anthocyanin, protein, vitamin C, saponin, flavone and polyphenol in the burgeens of Aralia echinocaulis and Aralia caesia were measured, whose the differences and correlations were analyzed. It was found that the contents of anthocyanins, saponins and polyphenols in the burgeens of Aralia echinocaulis were significantly higher than those in the burgeens of Aralia caesia; the contents of flavonoids were significantly lower than those in the burgeens of Aralia caesia; there were no significant differences in the contents of chlorophyll, vitamin C and protein between them. It is preliminarily thought that the nutritional value of Aralia echinacea is slightly higher than that of Aralia caesia.
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202210190001
Abstract:
Mixed species bird flocks are very common among tropical and subtropical forest birds, and their formation is of important ecological significance to birds. However, there is little research on the local spatiotemporal changes of mixed species bird flocks, especially on larger latitudes and elevation gradients. From September 13 to October 5, 2019, the mixed species bird flocks in the Three Parallel Rivers region of Yunnan Province was investigated in autumn by using the method of transect and sample point combination. The results show that (1) In terms of the time gradient, the occurrence frequency of mixed species bird flocks in a day is bimodal, that is, the incidence of 8:00-11:00 and 18:00-19:00 is relatively high, reaching the peak at 8:00-9:00. 2) In the latitude gradient: with the increase of latitude, the incidence of mixed species bird flocks decreases, and the richness and abundance of bird species in the mixed species bird flocks decrease; with the increase of latitude, the time distribution pattern that occurs in the mixed species bird flocks in a day shifts from single-peak distribution to bimodal distribution, partial peak distribution and low-frequency distribution. ( 3) In the elevation gradient: the frequency of the mixed species bird flocks in the middle elevation area (2400m-2700m) is high, and the richness and abundance of the birds participating in the mixed group are single peak distribution at medium elevation; the latitude also affects the frequency of the mixed species bird flocks at elevation. At the same time, with the increase of latitude, the mixed species bird flocks is at the same altitude. The frequency of occurrence is reduced. 4) Mixed species bird flocks are almost all insectivore and omnivorous birds, and only the carpodacus thura is plant-eating. The study confirms that the mixed species bird flocks in the Sanjiang parallel area of Yunnan Province have significant latitude and elevation gradient distribution characteristics, laying the foundation for exploring the driving mechanism for the formation of mixed species bird flocks in the larger environmental gradient.
Mixed species bird flocks are very common among tropical and subtropical forest birds, and their formation is of important ecological significance to birds. However, there is little research on the local spatiotemporal changes of mixed species bird flocks, especially on larger latitudes and elevation gradients. From September 13 to October 5, 2019, the mixed species bird flocks in the Three Parallel Rivers region of Yunnan Province was investigated in autumn by using the method of transect and sample point combination. The results show that (1) In terms of the time gradient, the occurrence frequency of mixed species bird flocks in a day is bimodal, that is, the incidence of 8:00-11:00 and 18:00-19:00 is relatively high, reaching the peak at 8:00-9:00. 2) In the latitude gradient: with the increase of latitude, the incidence of mixed species bird flocks decreases, and the richness and abundance of bird species in the mixed species bird flocks decrease; with the increase of latitude, the time distribution pattern that occurs in the mixed species bird flocks in a day shifts from single-peak distribution to bimodal distribution, partial peak distribution and low-frequency distribution. ( 3) In the elevation gradient: the frequency of the mixed species bird flocks in the middle elevation area (2400m-2700m) is high, and the richness and abundance of the birds participating in the mixed group are single peak distribution at medium elevation; the latitude also affects the frequency of the mixed species bird flocks at elevation. At the same time, with the increase of latitude, the mixed species bird flocks is at the same altitude. The frequency of occurrence is reduced. 4) Mixed species bird flocks are almost all insectivore and omnivorous birds, and only the carpodacus thura is plant-eating. The study confirms that the mixed species bird flocks in the Sanjiang parallel area of Yunnan Province have significant latitude and elevation gradient distribution characteristics, laying the foundation for exploring the driving mechanism for the formation of mixed species bird flocks in the larger environmental gradient.
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202211300001
Abstract:
The methods of callus induction and differentiation were studied by using Gerbera delavayi leaves as explants. The results showed that the green callus with diameter 0.5 cm, compact structure and hard texture could be induced from the aseptic leaves of Gerbera delavayi in the medium of WPM+ 0.6 mg·L−16-BA + 0.45 mg·L−1 NAA + 30 g·L−1 sucrose. The calli differentiated into adventitious buds after 30 days in the medium of WPM+ 0.75 mg·L−16-BA+ 0.15 mg·L−1 NAA+30 g·L−1 sucrose. After the shoots were transferred to 1/2DKW+1.0 mg·L−1IBA+0.1 mg·L−1 NAA+30 g·L−1 sucrose for 30 days, 5—13 adventitious roots with root hairs were developed.
The methods of callus induction and differentiation were studied by using Gerbera delavayi leaves as explants. The results showed that the green callus with diameter 0.5 cm, compact structure and hard texture could be induced from the aseptic leaves of Gerbera delavayi in the medium of WPM+ 0.6 mg·L−16-BA + 0.45 mg·L−1 NAA + 30 g·L−1 sucrose. The calli differentiated into adventitious buds after 30 days in the medium of WPM+ 0.75 mg·L−16-BA+ 0.15 mg·L−1 NAA+30 g·L−1 sucrose. After the shoots were transferred to 1/2DKW+1.0 mg·L−1IBA+0.1 mg·L−1 NAA+30 g·L−1 sucrose for 30 days, 5—13 adventitious roots with root hairs were developed.
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202211230002
Abstract:
In order to understand the distribution of main functional traits of population of Cycas panzhihuaensis and its response to soil available nutrients in secondary savanna shrub forest of arid-hot valley, 15 permanent sample plots (10 m × 10 m) were established in National Nature Reserve of Cycas panzhihuaensis. The main functional traits of population of Cycas panzhihuaensis just like plant maximum height(PHMAX), area of a leaf(LA), specific leaf area(SLA), and leaf dry-matter content(LDMC) and soil available nutrients like available nitrogen(AN), available phosphorus(AP), and available potassium(AK) were gathered in plots. Distribution of main functional traits and soil available nutrients among plots and their relationships were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis test and multivariate statistical. The results showed that: there were significant difference in LA, LDMC, SLA, Al, AK, and pH among different plots, but not in PHMAX, AN, and AP. Distribution of population of Cycas panzhihuaensis was influenced mainly by AK and pH. There were significant difference in each functional traits and each soil available nutrients, moreover, there also was a weekly positive correlation between LA, SLA, LDMC and AN, AP, AK. The differentiation of main functional traits of population of Cycas panzhihuaensis was due to the heterogeneous distribution of soil available nutrients. The common restriction mechanism of AN, AP and AK was the main survival pressure of population of Cycas panzhihuaensis at local small scale in the forest community during current succession stage, however, with the progression of forest succession, AN and AP might play a more important role than AK on growth and development of Cycas panzhihuaensis. Our results of this study could provide a scientific reference for in situ conservation and scientific care of population of Cycas panzhihuaensis in National Nature Reserve of Cycas panzhihuaensis.
In order to understand the distribution of main functional traits of population of Cycas panzhihuaensis and its response to soil available nutrients in secondary savanna shrub forest of arid-hot valley, 15 permanent sample plots (10 m × 10 m) were established in National Nature Reserve of Cycas panzhihuaensis. The main functional traits of population of Cycas panzhihuaensis just like plant maximum height(PHMAX), area of a leaf(LA), specific leaf area(SLA), and leaf dry-matter content(LDMC) and soil available nutrients like available nitrogen(AN), available phosphorus(AP), and available potassium(AK) were gathered in plots. Distribution of main functional traits and soil available nutrients among plots and their relationships were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis test and multivariate statistical. The results showed that: there were significant difference in LA, LDMC, SLA, Al, AK, and pH among different plots, but not in PHMAX, AN, and AP. Distribution of population of Cycas panzhihuaensis was influenced mainly by AK and pH. There were significant difference in each functional traits and each soil available nutrients, moreover, there also was a weekly positive correlation between LA, SLA, LDMC and AN, AP, AK. The differentiation of main functional traits of population of Cycas panzhihuaensis was due to the heterogeneous distribution of soil available nutrients. The common restriction mechanism of AN, AP and AK was the main survival pressure of population of Cycas panzhihuaensis at local small scale in the forest community during current succession stage, however, with the progression of forest succession, AN and AP might play a more important role than AK on growth and development of Cycas panzhihuaensis. Our results of this study could provide a scientific reference for in situ conservation and scientific care of population of Cycas panzhihuaensis in National Nature Reserve of Cycas panzhihuaensis.
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202211300002
Abstract:
The time allocation of species in a day is the most important survival strategy for wild animals, and it is very important for understanding species behavior ecology. To determine the dominant species in the Wanglang Nature Reserve and the relationship between the activity intensity of the dominant species and the habitat status. From May 2018 to July 2019, infrared camera monitoring and sample surveys were used to investigate the species and habitats of large and medium-sized beasts and understory birds in the Wanglang Nature Reserve. The habitat conditions of 3 species (two wild dominant species and one domesticated species) were evaluated with different activity intensities. And the activity intensity of wild dominant species in Bos taurus habitat and other habitats were compared. Principal component analysis showed that the dominant species in Wanglang Reserve are blood pheasant Ithaginis cruentus and tufted deer Elaphodus cephalophus. The intensity of species activity was divided into high, medium and low intensity based on the relative abundance index of time. The difference in habitat conditions between blood pheasants and tufted deer in areas with different activity intensities is mainly manifested in terrain conditions and food resources. The difference in the habitat status of cattle in different activity intensity areas was mainly manifested in herb coverage. Nuclear density estimates indicate that blood pheasants and tufted deer have a high degree of overlap in their activity curves when they use cattle habitats and other habitats. However, when the cattle habitat was used, the activity intensity of the two peaks was higher than that of other habitats. Conclusion: 1) The activity intensity of dominant species in the area can represent areas with good terrain conditions and poor food resources. 2) When formulating habitat restoration policies in the protected area, priority can be given to areas where the dominant species have high activity intensity. 3) When restoring the habitat, focus should be placed on restoring the habitat used by the cattle species.
The time allocation of species in a day is the most important survival strategy for wild animals, and it is very important for understanding species behavior ecology. To determine the dominant species in the Wanglang Nature Reserve and the relationship between the activity intensity of the dominant species and the habitat status. From May 2018 to July 2019, infrared camera monitoring and sample surveys were used to investigate the species and habitats of large and medium-sized beasts and understory birds in the Wanglang Nature Reserve. The habitat conditions of 3 species (two wild dominant species and one domesticated species) were evaluated with different activity intensities. And the activity intensity of wild dominant species in Bos taurus habitat and other habitats were compared. Principal component analysis showed that the dominant species in Wanglang Reserve are blood pheasant Ithaginis cruentus and tufted deer Elaphodus cephalophus. The intensity of species activity was divided into high, medium and low intensity based on the relative abundance index of time. The difference in habitat conditions between blood pheasants and tufted deer in areas with different activity intensities is mainly manifested in terrain conditions and food resources. The difference in the habitat status of cattle in different activity intensity areas was mainly manifested in herb coverage. Nuclear density estimates indicate that blood pheasants and tufted deer have a high degree of overlap in their activity curves when they use cattle habitats and other habitats. However, when the cattle habitat was used, the activity intensity of the two peaks was higher than that of other habitats. Conclusion: 1) The activity intensity of dominant species in the area can represent areas with good terrain conditions and poor food resources. 2) When formulating habitat restoration policies in the protected area, priority can be given to areas where the dominant species have high activity intensity. 3) When restoring the habitat, focus should be placed on restoring the habitat used by the cattle species.
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202211290001
Abstract:
Aiming at the plant source pollution caused by airborne pollen in urban greening construction, research on the temporal and spatial variation of airborne allergenic pollen transmission was carried out to provide a basis for the prevention and control of urban airborne allergenic pollen pollution. Taking the typical airborne allergenic pollen plant - Neem as the research object with high frequency of urban greening use in Chengdu, and choosing the blooming period of Neem, to carry out the research on the diurnal variation and the horizontal spatial spread of airborne allergenic pollen. The result showed the diurnal variation of neem pollen concentration showed a unimodal curve, that is, the pollen concentration continued to rise from 6:00 to 14:00 and reached a peak at 14:00, From 14:00 to 20:00, it continued to decline; the pollen drift concentration from 12:00 to 15:00 was significantly higher than that of the rest of the period. In the horizontal direction of neem pollen concentration, the pollen concentration in the downwind direction is higher than that in the upwind direction. The variation of pollen concentration in the downwind direction showed a unimodal curve, which increased with distance and reached a peak at 20 m. The drifting concentration of pollen in the upwind direction showed a bimodal curve, and the peaks appeared at 9m and 20 m. Under the influence of Neem pollen dispersal, the distribution trend of airborne particulate matter concentration in the horizontal space of C. camphor forest was roughly the same as that of pollen concentration, and the downwind direction was higher than the upwind direction. At horizontal distance, the effect of neem pollen on airborne particles was mainly in the range of 0—30 m.
Aiming at the plant source pollution caused by airborne pollen in urban greening construction, research on the temporal and spatial variation of airborne allergenic pollen transmission was carried out to provide a basis for the prevention and control of urban airborne allergenic pollen pollution. Taking the typical airborne allergenic pollen plant - Neem as the research object with high frequency of urban greening use in Chengdu, and choosing the blooming period of Neem, to carry out the research on the diurnal variation and the horizontal spatial spread of airborne allergenic pollen. The result showed the diurnal variation of neem pollen concentration showed a unimodal curve, that is, the pollen concentration continued to rise from 6:00 to 14:00 and reached a peak at 14:00, From 14:00 to 20:00, it continued to decline; the pollen drift concentration from 12:00 to 15:00 was significantly higher than that of the rest of the period. In the horizontal direction of neem pollen concentration, the pollen concentration in the downwind direction is higher than that in the upwind direction. The variation of pollen concentration in the downwind direction showed a unimodal curve, which increased with distance and reached a peak at 20 m. The drifting concentration of pollen in the upwind direction showed a bimodal curve, and the peaks appeared at 9m and 20 m. Under the influence of Neem pollen dispersal, the distribution trend of airborne particulate matter concentration in the horizontal space of C. camphor forest was roughly the same as that of pollen concentration, and the downwind direction was higher than the upwind direction. At horizontal distance, the effect of neem pollen on airborne particles was mainly in the range of 0—30 m.
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202211230001
Abstract:
Wetland parks of Dianchi Lakeside have important ecological and landscape value. To obtain the public image perception of wetland park structure characteristics, and optimize the park image perception and service experience, this paper takes six wetland parks of Dianchi Lakeside as the research object, and tourist comments on tourism websites as the data source. Content analysis method is used to obtain the public's image perception of wetland parks, and IPA method is used to construct the public image perception evaluation model. The results show that :(1) The public's comprehensive image perception of wetland parks include four aspects: natural resources and environment, human resources and environment, activity experience, and facilities and services. The six wetland parks have some differences in perception image, but their characteristics need to be further strengthened. (2) The overall high performance score of public image perception elements indicates that most public play experience is good, while scenic spot maintenance and wetland water quality evaluation are relatively low and still need to be improved. (3) There are great differences in importance degree, among which the most important is the natural attribute of wetland parks, while the cultural attribute, such as background culture, is weak. Accordingly, relevant suggestions are put forward for improving the construction management of wetland parks of Dianchi Lakeside.
Wetland parks of Dianchi Lakeside have important ecological and landscape value. To obtain the public image perception of wetland park structure characteristics, and optimize the park image perception and service experience, this paper takes six wetland parks of Dianchi Lakeside as the research object, and tourist comments on tourism websites as the data source. Content analysis method is used to obtain the public's image perception of wetland parks, and IPA method is used to construct the public image perception evaluation model. The results show that :(1) The public's comprehensive image perception of wetland parks include four aspects: natural resources and environment, human resources and environment, activity experience, and facilities and services. The six wetland parks have some differences in perception image, but their characteristics need to be further strengthened. (2) The overall high performance score of public image perception elements indicates that most public play experience is good, while scenic spot maintenance and wetland water quality evaluation are relatively low and still need to be improved. (3) There are great differences in importance degree, among which the most important is the natural attribute of wetland parks, while the cultural attribute, such as background culture, is weak. Accordingly, relevant suggestions are put forward for improving the construction management of wetland parks of Dianchi Lakeside.
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202211090004
Abstract:
To explore the soil properties of wild Bletilla striata under forest, the soil of wild Bletilla striata habitat under forest in Yanting hilly land, Sichuan Province was collected, and the soil physical and chemical properties and soil enzyme activities were measured and compared with those of non-Bletilla striata habitat nearby. The results show that, the pH value of soil in wild Bletilla striata habitat is 7.198±0.034, and the soil bulk density is 1.53±0.015g/cm3, total nitrogen content is 0.9856±0.047g/kg, the phosphorus content is 0.798±0.053g/kg, the content of available phosphorus is 18.4±1.4mg/kg, the content of hydrolysable nitrogen is 60.87±1.85 mg/kg. But the activities of phosphatase, urease, catalase and invertase in the soil of wild Bletilla striata habitat are significantly higher than those of the control, and its roots have better ability to utilize and transform soil organic matter. The results can provide the basis of soil properties for improving the quality of artificially cultivated wild Bletilla striata.
To explore the soil properties of wild Bletilla striata under forest, the soil of wild Bletilla striata habitat under forest in Yanting hilly land, Sichuan Province was collected, and the soil physical and chemical properties and soil enzyme activities were measured and compared with those of non-Bletilla striata habitat nearby. The results show that, the pH value of soil in wild Bletilla striata habitat is 7.198±0.034, and the soil bulk density is 1.53±0.015g/cm3, total nitrogen content is 0.9856±0.047g/kg, the phosphorus content is 0.798±0.053g/kg, the content of available phosphorus is 18.4±1.4mg/kg, the content of hydrolysable nitrogen is 60.87±1.85 mg/kg. But the activities of phosphatase, urease, catalase and invertase in the soil of wild Bletilla striata habitat are significantly higher than those of the control, and its roots have better ability to utilize and transform soil organic matter. The results can provide the basis of soil properties for improving the quality of artificially cultivated wild Bletilla striata.
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202211090002
Abstract:
By comparing the changes of genetic correlation of cone traits, seed traits and seedling traits among Chinese fir semi-sib families, and the degree of genetic correlation between traits, the variation of seed and seedling tratis of Chinese fir at the family level was revealed, and explore the the possibility of early selection of seedlings through seed and seedling traits. Using the cones of five half-sib families which were from the second-generation seed orchard of Gaoxian Yuejiang state-owned forest farm as materials, the cone diameter, cone length, cone quality, 1000 seed weight, germination rate, germination potential, seedling height, and ground diameter were measured with 10 replicates for each family, the relative heritability and genetic correlation coefficient between traits were estimated. The results showed: (1) There were significant differences in cone diameter, cone length and cone quality, 1000 seed weight and average germination potential among the five families. The average germination rate of the five families was about 50%, with no significant difference, therefore, when sowing, there is no need to set the sowing amount by family; (2) The average seedling height of all families was more than 21 cm, and the coefficient of variation of seedling height of four families reached or approached 20%, with significant differences among families; The average diameter of seedlings of all families was more than 5 mm, and the coefficient of variation of diameter of all families was more than 18%, it has the potential to select super seedlings. (3) The heritability of cone was above 0.9, and the heritability of seedling height and ground diameter were 0.81 and 0.64 respectively; The correlation heritability between cone traits and seedling traits was lower than that of seedling traits, and the genetic correlation coefficients were not significant, it means there was no possibility to select seedlings by cone traits,
By comparing the changes of genetic correlation of cone traits, seed traits and seedling traits among Chinese fir semi-sib families, and the degree of genetic correlation between traits, the variation of seed and seedling tratis of Chinese fir at the family level was revealed, and explore the the possibility of early selection of seedlings through seed and seedling traits. Using the cones of five half-sib families which were from the second-generation seed orchard of Gaoxian Yuejiang state-owned forest farm as materials, the cone diameter, cone length, cone quality, 1000 seed weight, germination rate, germination potential, seedling height, and ground diameter were measured with 10 replicates for each family, the relative heritability and genetic correlation coefficient between traits were estimated. The results showed: (1) There were significant differences in cone diameter, cone length and cone quality, 1000 seed weight and average germination potential among the five families. The average germination rate of the five families was about 50%, with no significant difference, therefore, when sowing, there is no need to set the sowing amount by family; (2) The average seedling height of all families was more than 21 cm, and the coefficient of variation of seedling height of four families reached or approached 20%, with significant differences among families; The average diameter of seedlings of all families was more than 5 mm, and the coefficient of variation of diameter of all families was more than 18%, it has the potential to select super seedlings. (3) The heritability of cone was above 0.9, and the heritability of seedling height and ground diameter were 0.81 and 0.64 respectively; The correlation heritability between cone traits and seedling traits was lower than that of seedling traits, and the genetic correlation coefficients were not significant, it means there was no possibility to select seedlings by cone traits,
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202204220002
Abstract:
In order to study the environmental toxicity of degradable and super absorbent bamboo fiber, and provide experimental basis for its safe utilization, in this paper, the toxicity of super absorbent bamboo fiber to mice was studied by intragastric administration with different concentrations of super absorbent bamboo fiber. The results showed that no mice died during the toxicity test. There were no tremors, convulsions, salivation, diarrhea, lethargy or coma in all test groups. The appetite of mice was also normal, and there were no diarrhea and anorexia. There was no obvious abnormality in all organs of all mice in the test group. When the super absorbent bamboo fiber was treated by gavage to 5000 mg/kg •bw, the mice did not die and could gain weight normally. According to the toxicity classification, super absorbent bamboo fiber was actually non-toxic.
In order to study the environmental toxicity of degradable and super absorbent bamboo fiber, and provide experimental basis for its safe utilization, in this paper, the toxicity of super absorbent bamboo fiber to mice was studied by intragastric administration with different concentrations of super absorbent bamboo fiber. The results showed that no mice died during the toxicity test. There were no tremors, convulsions, salivation, diarrhea, lethargy or coma in all test groups. The appetite of mice was also normal, and there were no diarrhea and anorexia. There was no obvious abnormality in all organs of all mice in the test group. When the super absorbent bamboo fiber was treated by gavage to 5000 mg/kg •bw, the mice did not die and could gain weight normally. According to the toxicity classification, super absorbent bamboo fiber was actually non-toxic.
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202209020001
Abstract:
From April 2008 to December 2021, infrared cameras were used to monitor large and medium-sized mammals and ground birds in and around the Shenguozhuang Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province. 102 camera monitoring sites were set up during the research period, with a total of 25588 effective camera working days, a total of 4705 independent and effective records were obtained, 20 species of 5 orders and 15 families of wild mammals and 40 species of 4 orders and 11 families of wild birds were identified, including 2 species of national class I and 15 species of national class II key protected wild animals. Two species are evaluated as Endangered by IUCN Red List, 6 as Vulnerable and 2 as Near Threatened. Based on the relative abundance index, Blood Pheasant (Ithaginis cruentus) (RAI=2.149), Red panda (Ailurus fulgens) (RAI=1.622), Temminck’s Tragopan (Tragopan temminckii) (RAI=1.614), Tufted Deer (Elaphodus cephalophus) (RAI=1.501) and Lady Amherst's Pheasant (Chrysolophus amherstiae) (RAI=1.450) were ranked as the 5 most abundant mammal and bird species. Based on the site occupancy, Red panda (SO=63.73%), Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) (SO=47.06%), Tufted Deer (SO=43.14%), Mainland Leopard Cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) (SO=42.16%) and Blood Pheasant (SO=41.18%) were ranked as the 5 most abundant mammal and bird species. The results of activity rhythm analysis showed that the Tufted Deer, Red panda, Temminck’s Tragopan and Blood Pheasant were diurnal animals, moreover, the Tufted Deer and Temminck’s Tragopan had certain morning and dusk activities. The results of this study provide important mammals and birds information and provide important basic data for the improvement of mammal and bird species cataloging, subsequent scientific research and conservation management in the reserve.
From April 2008 to December 2021, infrared cameras were used to monitor large and medium-sized mammals and ground birds in and around the Shenguozhuang Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province. 102 camera monitoring sites were set up during the research period, with a total of 25588 effective camera working days, a total of 4705 independent and effective records were obtained, 20 species of 5 orders and 15 families of wild mammals and 40 species of 4 orders and 11 families of wild birds were identified, including 2 species of national class I and 15 species of national class II key protected wild animals. Two species are evaluated as Endangered by IUCN Red List, 6 as Vulnerable and 2 as Near Threatened. Based on the relative abundance index, Blood Pheasant (Ithaginis cruentus) (RAI=2.149), Red panda (Ailurus fulgens) (RAI=1.622), Temminck’s Tragopan (Tragopan temminckii) (RAI=1.614), Tufted Deer (Elaphodus cephalophus) (RAI=1.501) and Lady Amherst's Pheasant (Chrysolophus amherstiae) (RAI=1.450) were ranked as the 5 most abundant mammal and bird species. Based on the site occupancy, Red panda (SO=63.73%), Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) (SO=47.06%), Tufted Deer (SO=43.14%), Mainland Leopard Cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) (SO=42.16%) and Blood Pheasant (SO=41.18%) were ranked as the 5 most abundant mammal and bird species. The results of activity rhythm analysis showed that the Tufted Deer, Red panda, Temminck’s Tragopan and Blood Pheasant were diurnal animals, moreover, the Tufted Deer and Temminck’s Tragopan had certain morning and dusk activities. The results of this study provide important mammals and birds information and provide important basic data for the improvement of mammal and bird species cataloging, subsequent scientific research and conservation management in the reserve.
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202208310001
Abstract:
The design and construction of sunken water body was classic method to create garden landscape and improve ecological function. In order to study the impact of sunken landscape water on the surrounding microhabitat, an artificial lake about 11940 m2 area in subtropical climate was taken as the object. By measured the summer (39℃/25℃) temperature and humidity of the 20 observation sites (0 m, 5 m, 10 m, 15 m and 20 m offshore from the east, south, west and north of the water slope protection) at 9:30, 11:30, 13:30, 15:30 and 17:30 respectively, the differences among sites, slope directions and times were analyzed to study the influence of sunken landscape water on the temperature and humidity of offshore sites with different slope directions. The results show that: 1) There were significant differences in temperature and humidity at 20 sites in 4 slope directions around the landscape water body (P < 0.05). The maximum temperature difference was 6.54 ℃ at 17:30, and the maximum humidity difference was 18.73% at 9:30. 2) The temperature and humidity showed significant differences among directions, among sites and among times (P < 0.05). Among directions, the maximum temperature difference at 15:30 and the maximum humidity difference at 11:30. Among sites, the maximum temperature difference at 17:30 and the maximum humidity difference at 9:30. 3) Temperature and humidity were significantly affected by slope direction, location and time (P < 0.05). The influence of landscape water on humidity was greater than that of temperature.The first influence factor on temperature was time, and the first influence factor on humidity was site, but the second influence factor on temperature and humidity was slope direction similarly. 4) The influence of landscape water on temperature and humidity of slope direction was east > west > north > south, and the influence on offshore site was site0 > site20 > site5 > site15 > site10. To sum up, the cooling and humidification effects of water body on offshore sites with different slope directions were significantly different, so the plant community of ecological slope protection of sunken landscape water should be constructed according to the slope directions and sites.
The design and construction of sunken water body was classic method to create garden landscape and improve ecological function. In order to study the impact of sunken landscape water on the surrounding microhabitat, an artificial lake about 11940 m2 area in subtropical climate was taken as the object. By measured the summer (39℃/25℃) temperature and humidity of the 20 observation sites (0 m, 5 m, 10 m, 15 m and 20 m offshore from the east, south, west and north of the water slope protection) at 9:30, 11:30, 13:30, 15:30 and 17:30 respectively, the differences among sites, slope directions and times were analyzed to study the influence of sunken landscape water on the temperature and humidity of offshore sites with different slope directions. The results show that: 1) There were significant differences in temperature and humidity at 20 sites in 4 slope directions around the landscape water body (P < 0.05). The maximum temperature difference was 6.54 ℃ at 17:30, and the maximum humidity difference was 18.73% at 9:30. 2) The temperature and humidity showed significant differences among directions, among sites and among times (P < 0.05). Among directions, the maximum temperature difference at 15:30 and the maximum humidity difference at 11:30. Among sites, the maximum temperature difference at 17:30 and the maximum humidity difference at 9:30. 3) Temperature and humidity were significantly affected by slope direction, location and time (P < 0.05). The influence of landscape water on humidity was greater than that of temperature.The first influence factor on temperature was time, and the first influence factor on humidity was site, but the second influence factor on temperature and humidity was slope direction similarly. 4) The influence of landscape water on temperature and humidity of slope direction was east > west > north > south, and the influence on offshore site was site0 > site20 > site5 > site15 > site10. To sum up, the cooling and humidification effects of water body on offshore sites with different slope directions were significantly different, so the plant community of ecological slope protection of sunken landscape water should be constructed according to the slope directions and sites.
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202206060001
Abstract:
Liparis rostrataRchb. f.was reported as a new record of Orchidaceaefrom Sichuanprovince, China. The morphological descriptions, detailed photographs, and its geographical distribution were also provided. The voucher specimens are desposited in the Herbarium of Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences （HIB）.This finding further enrich the data of plant diversity of Sichuan province.
Liparis rostrataRchb. f.was reported as a new record of Orchidaceaefrom Sichuanprovince, China. The morphological descriptions, detailed photographs, and its geographical distribution were also provided. The voucher specimens are desposited in the Herbarium of Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences （HIB）.This finding further enrich the data of plant diversity of Sichuan province.
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202209210001
Abstract:
Social monitoring refers to animals cognition of the social environment for adaptation and improving their fitness. In order to understand the frequency and influencing factors of individual social monitoring behavior of all-male unit in black-and-white snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti) under a multi-level social organization, , we collected data of scanning behavior and aggression-submissive behavior of 8 individuals in the all-male unit of R. bieti in Xiangguqing of Baimaxueshan National Nature Reserve from July 2017 to August 2018, using 5-minute focus animal and all-occurrence recording method, and evaluated different in frequency of monitoring behavior between seasons (Summer and Winter) and ranks. The frequency of scanning behavior was 0.67 ± 0.19 Times / min (n = 8, 0.37 - 1.01). There was a difference in the frequency of scanning behavior between winter and summer (Z = 7.36, P < 0.001), the frequency of scanning behavior in Summer (0.80 ± 0.24, n = 8) was higher than that in Winter (0.50 ± 0.21, n = 8), which may due to high competitive pressure of reproductive and mating in Summer. The frequency of scanning behavior in different grade groups was different (H = 62.37, df = 2, P < 0.001). The low rank group (0.85 ± 0.14, n = 3) was higher than the middle rank group (0.68 ± 0.28, n = 2), and the middle rank group was higher than the high rank group (0.49 ± 0.12, n = 3), indicated that low-rank individual spent more time on social monitoring within all-male unit of R. bieti. Therefore, our finding found that social monitoring of R. bieti in all-male unit is regulation by the reproductive season and rank. Adult male can reduce attack by the resident male of the breeding unit using social monitoring, young and juvenile males can reduce direct conflicts from other male within the all-male unit.
Social monitoring refers to animals cognition of the social environment for adaptation and improving their fitness. In order to understand the frequency and influencing factors of individual social monitoring behavior of all-male unit in black-and-white snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti) under a multi-level social organization, , we collected data of scanning behavior and aggression-submissive behavior of 8 individuals in the all-male unit of R. bieti in Xiangguqing of Baimaxueshan National Nature Reserve from July 2017 to August 2018, using 5-minute focus animal and all-occurrence recording method, and evaluated different in frequency of monitoring behavior between seasons (Summer and Winter) and ranks. The frequency of scanning behavior was 0.67 ± 0.19 Times / min (n = 8, 0.37 - 1.01). There was a difference in the frequency of scanning behavior between winter and summer (Z = 7.36, P < 0.001), the frequency of scanning behavior in Summer (0.80 ± 0.24, n = 8) was higher than that in Winter (0.50 ± 0.21, n = 8), which may due to high competitive pressure of reproductive and mating in Summer. The frequency of scanning behavior in different grade groups was different (H = 62.37, df = 2, P < 0.001). The low rank group (0.85 ± 0.14, n = 3) was higher than the middle rank group (0.68 ± 0.28, n = 2), and the middle rank group was higher than the high rank group (0.49 ± 0.12, n = 3), indicated that low-rank individual spent more time on social monitoring within all-male unit of R. bieti. Therefore, our finding found that social monitoring of R. bieti in all-male unit is regulation by the reproductive season and rank. Adult male can reduce attack by the resident male of the breeding unit using social monitoring, young and juvenile males can reduce direct conflicts from other male within the all-male unit.
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202210190003
Abstract:
Pleioblastus Nakai is a kind of natural resource plant with high nutritional value, which can be used as both medicine and food, and widely distributed in China, the pole, leaves, bamboo shoots of Pleioblastus Nakai contain a variety of functional active substances, has high development and utilization value. Therefore, this paper summarizes biological activities and its application in Pleioblastus Nakai, in order to provide guidance and scientific basis for the further processing and exploitation of Pleioblastus Nakai.
Pleioblastus Nakai is a kind of natural resource plant with high nutritional value, which can be used as both medicine and food, and widely distributed in China, the pole, leaves, bamboo shoots of Pleioblastus Nakai contain a variety of functional active substances, has high development and utilization value. Therefore, this paper summarizes biological activities and its application in Pleioblastus Nakai, in order to provide guidance and scientific basis for the further processing and exploitation of Pleioblastus Nakai.
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202210230003
Abstract:
Ochroma lagopus Swartz is a perennial woody plant of the kapok family which also named balsa wood, Its wood is mainly used to make blades of wind driven generator. However, the balsa wood needed in China is completely imported from Indonesia and Ecuador, thus the localization of balsa wood is the guarantee to ensure the sustainable development of Chinese wind power industry. This research aimed to investigate the optimal seed germination conditions, the suitable pH for plants growth, and the cold tolerance of Ochroma lagopus Swartz under low temperature. This study improved the planting technology and lay the foundation for the localization of Ochroma lagopus Swartz industry. The seeds before germination were constantly treated 50 min at 45℃, 50℃, 55℃, 60℃, 65℃, 70℃, 75℃ and 80℃ in the water bath. Two-month-old seedlings were cultured at 0℃, 2℃, 4℃, 6℃ and 8℃for 3 days to discover the low temperature tolerance limits of balsa wood, The seedlings of Ochroma lagopus Swartz were planted in pots with pH values of 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, and 7.0. The increment height of each plant was recorded weekly in 120 days. The germination rate of seeds reached 80% after treated with the 55℃ water bath, while the germination rate of control seeds was only 34%; thus heat treatment obviously increased the seeds germination rate. The aseptic seedling exhibited low death rate under 4-8℃ conditions; while the seedlings exhibited 79.24%, 35.83% and 6.28% death rate under 0℃, 2℃ and 4℃ conditions, respectively. The seedlings grown in the soil were also treat with 8℃, 6℃, 5℃ and 4℃ for 3 days, the death rate of seedlings treated with 5℃ and 4℃ was 33.33% and 58.33%, respectively. The results showed that the plants growing faster under pH 6.0, with the plant height of 188.67 cm, while the height was only 102.26 cm under pH 4.0. During the 120 days, the heights of plants grown under pH 6.0 were 84.97% taller than that of pH 4.0 condition. According to these results, we concluded that the optimal condition for germinating of balsa wood seed was heated 50 mins at 55℃ before sowing; The seedlings grown under the cold conditions temperature above 4℃ was not hurted; and pH 6.0 was the most suitable condition for planting Ochroma lagopus Swartz.
Ochroma lagopus Swartz is a perennial woody plant of the kapok family which also named balsa wood, Its wood is mainly used to make blades of wind driven generator. However, the balsa wood needed in China is completely imported from Indonesia and Ecuador, thus the localization of balsa wood is the guarantee to ensure the sustainable development of Chinese wind power industry. This research aimed to investigate the optimal seed germination conditions, the suitable pH for plants growth, and the cold tolerance of Ochroma lagopus Swartz under low temperature. This study improved the planting technology and lay the foundation for the localization of Ochroma lagopus Swartz industry. The seeds before germination were constantly treated 50 min at 45℃, 50℃, 55℃, 60℃, 65℃, 70℃, 75℃ and 80℃ in the water bath. Two-month-old seedlings were cultured at 0℃, 2℃, 4℃, 6℃ and 8℃for 3 days to discover the low temperature tolerance limits of balsa wood, The seedlings of Ochroma lagopus Swartz were planted in pots with pH values of 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, and 7.0. The increment height of each plant was recorded weekly in 120 days. The germination rate of seeds reached 80% after treated with the 55℃ water bath, while the germination rate of control seeds was only 34%; thus heat treatment obviously increased the seeds germination rate. The aseptic seedling exhibited low death rate under 4-8℃ conditions; while the seedlings exhibited 79.24%, 35.83% and 6.28% death rate under 0℃, 2℃ and 4℃ conditions, respectively. The seedlings grown in the soil were also treat with 8℃, 6℃, 5℃ and 4℃ for 3 days, the death rate of seedlings treated with 5℃ and 4℃ was 33.33% and 58.33%, respectively. The results showed that the plants growing faster under pH 6.0, with the plant height of 188.67 cm, while the height was only 102.26 cm under pH 4.0. During the 120 days, the heights of plants grown under pH 6.0 were 84.97% taller than that of pH 4.0 condition. According to these results, we concluded that the optimal condition for germinating of balsa wood seed was heated 50 mins at 55℃ before sowing; The seedlings grown under the cold conditions temperature above 4℃ was not hurted; and pH 6.0 was the most suitable condition for planting Ochroma lagopus Swartz.
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202210120001
Abstract:
During the process of karst ecosystem degradation (forest shrub grass change), the total organic carbon storage of soil decreased significantly, indicating that karst soil changed from atmospheric CO2 sink to carbon source, which had adverse effects on the atmospheric environment. The vegetation type also changes from C3 vegetation to C4 vegetation, which makes soil organic carbon become heavier. The microbial biomass carbon in the active organic carbon component of soil also changed correspondingly, and the microbial biomass carbon in layer B soil decreased significantly, but the content of dissolved organic carbon in soil did not show a significant difference, which may be one of the reasons for the decline of soil organic carbon in the degraded karst ecosystem. Therefore, effectively preventing the degradation of the karst ecosystem will significantly promote the role of the karst ecosystem as a sink of atmospheric CO2 in global change. At the same time, it plays an important role in protecting the biodiversity of the karst ecosystem.
During the process of karst ecosystem degradation (forest shrub grass change), the total organic carbon storage of soil decreased significantly, indicating that karst soil changed from atmospheric CO2 sink to carbon source, which had adverse effects on the atmospheric environment. The vegetation type also changes from C3 vegetation to C4 vegetation, which makes soil organic carbon become heavier. The microbial biomass carbon in the active organic carbon component of soil also changed correspondingly, and the microbial biomass carbon in layer B soil decreased significantly, but the content of dissolved organic carbon in soil did not show a significant difference, which may be one of the reasons for the decline of soil organic carbon in the degraded karst ecosystem. Therefore, effectively preventing the degradation of the karst ecosystem will significantly promote the role of the karst ecosystem as a sink of atmospheric CO2 in global change. At the same time, it plays an important role in protecting the biodiversity of the karst ecosystem.
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202210010001
Abstract:
In this paper, Quercus aquifolioides in Sejila Mountains was studied to analyze the population structure characteristics and its changing trend at different altitudes. A 50 m × 700 m transect was set up in Sejila Mountain, Nyingchi City, Tibet Autonomous Region, and it was divided into 14 quadrats of 50 m × 50 m. The diameter class, height and crown structure of the population in each quadrat were studied respectively. According to the specific number of distribution plants, the variation rules and causes of different structures were studied according to the charts. The results showed that : ( 1 ) The best survival range of Q.aquifolioides was between 3400 m and 3550 m, and it was not suitable for the survival of Q.aquifolioides above 3600 m. The seedlings and saplings of Q. aquifolioides were distributed at an altitude of 3400 m-3780 m, and the number of trees above 3600 m was less. ( 2 ) The number of sapling seedlings of Q. aquifolioides is large, and the number of individuals growing to the sapling stage is small. The sapling seedlings have strong competitiveness in the growth process, while the competitiveness and their own viability are weak when they grow to the sapling stage. ( 3 ) The diameter distribution range of Q. aquifolioides population gradually decreased with the increase of altitude, and the population density also decreased. ( 4 ) From 3400 m to 3780 m above sea level, the height structure of Q. aquifolioides population increased first and then decreased. ( 5 ) The canopy structure of Q.aquifolioides population increased from 3400 m to 3500 m, and reached the maximum at 3500 m. With the increase of altitude, the canopy structure decreased. The soil, water, temperature, and vegetation growth space on different altitude gradients are different. These influencing factors cause different structural changes in the Q. aquifolioides population at different altitude gradients.
In this paper, Quercus aquifolioides in Sejila Mountains was studied to analyze the population structure characteristics and its changing trend at different altitudes. A 50 m × 700 m transect was set up in Sejila Mountain, Nyingchi City, Tibet Autonomous Region, and it was divided into 14 quadrats of 50 m × 50 m. The diameter class, height and crown structure of the population in each quadrat were studied respectively. According to the specific number of distribution plants, the variation rules and causes of different structures were studied according to the charts. The results showed that : ( 1 ) The best survival range of Q.aquifolioides was between 3400 m and 3550 m, and it was not suitable for the survival of Q.aquifolioides above 3600 m. The seedlings and saplings of Q. aquifolioides were distributed at an altitude of 3400 m-3780 m, and the number of trees above 3600 m was less. ( 2 ) The number of sapling seedlings of Q. aquifolioides is large, and the number of individuals growing to the sapling stage is small. The sapling seedlings have strong competitiveness in the growth process, while the competitiveness and their own viability are weak when they grow to the sapling stage. ( 3 ) The diameter distribution range of Q. aquifolioides population gradually decreased with the increase of altitude, and the population density also decreased. ( 4 ) From 3400 m to 3780 m above sea level, the height structure of Q. aquifolioides population increased first and then decreased. ( 5 ) The canopy structure of Q.aquifolioides population increased from 3400 m to 3500 m, and reached the maximum at 3500 m. With the increase of altitude, the canopy structure decreased. The soil, water, temperature, and vegetation growth space on different altitude gradients are different. These influencing factors cause different structural changes in the Q. aquifolioides population at different altitude gradients.
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202209260001
Abstract:
Community is the area most closely connected to human daily life, and horticultural therapy is a means of directly or indirectly using plants to relieve psychological stress, reduce anxiety, and improve self-awareness in subnormal populations. In order to meet the psychological demand for therapeutic gardens among stressed people in urban residents, the application model of horticultural therapy in community gardens was explored. This study investigated the sensory preferences and preferred horticultural activities of people of different age groups through questionnaires as a way to explore the application model of horticultural therapy in community gardens. Based on the results of the survey, appropriate plants and horticultural activities were selected to establish a "sensory stimulation-mental recovery-stress relief" model in community gardens with "therapeutic landscape" and "horticultural activities" as the basic framework and "sensory stimulation" and "guided participation" as the basic methods, so as to relieve people's mental stress and provide reference for the construction of a healthy China.
Community is the area most closely connected to human daily life, and horticultural therapy is a means of directly or indirectly using plants to relieve psychological stress, reduce anxiety, and improve self-awareness in subnormal populations. In order to meet the psychological demand for therapeutic gardens among stressed people in urban residents, the application model of horticultural therapy in community gardens was explored. This study investigated the sensory preferences and preferred horticultural activities of people of different age groups through questionnaires as a way to explore the application model of horticultural therapy in community gardens. Based on the results of the survey, appropriate plants and horticultural activities were selected to establish a "sensory stimulation-mental recovery-stress relief" model in community gardens with "therapeutic landscape" and "horticultural activities" as the basic framework and "sensory stimulation" and "guided participation" as the basic methods, so as to relieve people's mental stress and provide reference for the construction of a healthy China.
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202209230001
Abstract:
In order to effectively prevent the spread of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus disease, In this paper, the toxicity of different concentrations of Beauveria Bassiana spore suspension to the 4th instar larvae of Monochamus alternatus was compared to select the optimal concentration. On this basis, Beauveria bassiana protease, chitinase and lipase were used as synergistic agents to test their synergistic effect on B. bassiana virulence, and the best synergistic enzyme was screened out by comparing the mortality rate of M. alternatus larvae. The results showed that 1×108cfu/ml spore suspension had the highest toxicity to the 4th instar larvae of B. bassiana, and protease solution was the best synergistic agent for B. bassiana toxicity. This study proved that adding enzyme synergist to B. bassiana preparation could improve the insecticidal effect and provide a theoretical basis for the control of dry pests.
In order to effectively prevent the spread of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus disease, In this paper, the toxicity of different concentrations of Beauveria Bassiana spore suspension to the 4th instar larvae of Monochamus alternatus was compared to select the optimal concentration. On this basis, Beauveria bassiana protease, chitinase and lipase were used as synergistic agents to test their synergistic effect on B. bassiana virulence, and the best synergistic enzyme was screened out by comparing the mortality rate of M. alternatus larvae. The results showed that 1×108cfu/ml spore suspension had the highest toxicity to the 4th instar larvae of B. bassiana, and protease solution was the best synergistic agent for B. bassiana toxicity. This study proved that adding enzyme synergist to B. bassiana preparation could improve the insecticidal effect and provide a theoretical basis for the control of dry pests.
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202209270001
Abstract:
Using the typical sampling method, the Simpson index, Shannon-Wiener index and other diversity indices, Poisson distribution and Negative binomial distribution of the walnut catalpa community in Ganshan Forest Farm, Sanmenxia City were analyzed. The diversity index and species richness of tree species in the arbor layer are higher than those in the shrub layer and the herb layer. Among them, the important value of Juglans regia in the arbor layer is the highest, and the spatial distribution and aggregation degree is the highest. The number of plants at the middle tree level was the largest, and the static life table further indicated that compared with other altitudes, low altitude was more suitable for the survival of the middle tree level.
Using the typical sampling method, the Simpson index, Shannon-Wiener index and other diversity indices, Poisson distribution and Negative binomial distribution of the walnut catalpa community in Ganshan Forest Farm, Sanmenxia City were analyzed. The diversity index and species richness of tree species in the arbor layer are higher than those in the shrub layer and the herb layer. Among them, the important value of Juglans regia in the arbor layer is the highest, and the spatial distribution and aggregation degree is the highest. The number of plants at the middle tree level was the largest, and the static life table further indicated that compared with other altitudes, low altitude was more suitable for the survival of the middle tree level.
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202209200002
Abstract:
Grooming behavior is the main way for non-human primates to maintain social relations. The income of grooming can reflect the role and social ranks of individuals in the group. In order to understand the impact of individual social roles and ranks on grooming income of Rhinopithecus bieti within in one male muti-female units (OMU), we collected data on grooming behavior and aggression behavior of R. bieti group in Baimaxueshan National Nature Reserve in July to Agust 2018 and from February and August 2019, using focal animal all-occurrence sampling method. We compared the different in income of grooming between male - female and female - female. 32.3% of the grooming bouts among adult individuals in the breeding unit of R. bieti. The average grooming time was 302 ± 255 s (n = 96). There is no difference in grooming income of resident males among the breeding units with the same number of females (Z = 4.59, P = 0.20). In the male female bout pairs, the grooming income of male was higher than those of female (T = −6.138, df = 58, P < 0.01), but there is no difference in grooming income between difference ranks female as they groomed male (Z = −1.54, P = 0.12). The grooming income of high rank female was higher than low rank female grooming income (T = −3.467, df = 36, P < 0.01) within OMU. Therefore, the grooming income of resident male in OMU of R. bieti was higher than that of females in the multi-level society, and there is no difference in grooming income in OMU of the male grooming income with the same number of adult females. The grooming income of high rank females is higher than that of low rank females, this indicates that the grooming income of R. bieti is influenced by social roles (resident male) and ranks within OMU.
Grooming behavior is the main way for non-human primates to maintain social relations. The income of grooming can reflect the role and social ranks of individuals in the group. In order to understand the impact of individual social roles and ranks on grooming income of Rhinopithecus bieti within in one male muti-female units (OMU), we collected data on grooming behavior and aggression behavior of R. bieti group in Baimaxueshan National Nature Reserve in July to Agust 2018 and from February and August 2019, using focal animal all-occurrence sampling method. We compared the different in income of grooming between male - female and female - female. 32.3% of the grooming bouts among adult individuals in the breeding unit of R. bieti. The average grooming time was 302 ± 255 s (n = 96). There is no difference in grooming income of resident males among the breeding units with the same number of females (Z = 4.59, P = 0.20). In the male female bout pairs, the grooming income of male was higher than those of female (T = −6.138, df = 58, P < 0.01), but there is no difference in grooming income between difference ranks female as they groomed male (Z = −1.54, P = 0.12). The grooming income of high rank female was higher than low rank female grooming income (T = −3.467, df = 36, P < 0.01) within OMU. Therefore, the grooming income of resident male in OMU of R. bieti was higher than that of females in the multi-level society, and there is no difference in grooming income in OMU of the male grooming income with the same number of adult females. The grooming income of high rank females is higher than that of low rank females, this indicates that the grooming income of R. bieti is influenced by social roles (resident male) and ranks within OMU.
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202209210003
Abstract:
It is of great significance to explore the land use conflict in Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration to promote regional sustainable development. In this paper, we analyzed the characteristics of land use change in Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration from 2010 to 2020, used the landscape ecological risk assessment method to measure land use conflict, and studied its differentiation characteristics through spatial autocorrelation and geostatistics methods. The results showed: (1) The land use of Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration was mainly cultivated land and forest land, and the area of land use types showed a trend of "three increases and three decreases", and the area of construction land and forest land increased significantly. (2) The land use conflicts in Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration are mainly of controllable level, but the intensity of conflicts has increased, and the spatial distribution has obvious spatial agglomeration. The intensity of conflicts varies with different land types, and the conflicts mainly focus on the types of cultivated land, woodland and construction land. (3) The impact of human activities on land use conflict gradually increased. From 2010 to 2020, the basic ratio of land use conflict increased from 0.197 to 0.487, and the spatial correlation weakened, and the influence of natural factors on land use conflict gradually weakened. From 2010 to 2020, land use conflicts in Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration intensified, and the impact of human activities on conflicts was strengthened. Land supervision and legal protection measures should be strengthened in the subsequent development.
It is of great significance to explore the land use conflict in Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration to promote regional sustainable development. In this paper, we analyzed the characteristics of land use change in Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration from 2010 to 2020, used the landscape ecological risk assessment method to measure land use conflict, and studied its differentiation characteristics through spatial autocorrelation and geostatistics methods. The results showed: (1) The land use of Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration was mainly cultivated land and forest land, and the area of land use types showed a trend of "three increases and three decreases", and the area of construction land and forest land increased significantly. (2) The land use conflicts in Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration are mainly of controllable level, but the intensity of conflicts has increased, and the spatial distribution has obvious spatial agglomeration. The intensity of conflicts varies with different land types, and the conflicts mainly focus on the types of cultivated land, woodland and construction land. (3) The impact of human activities on land use conflict gradually increased. From 2010 to 2020, the basic ratio of land use conflict increased from 0.197 to 0.487, and the spatial correlation weakened, and the influence of natural factors on land use conflict gradually weakened. From 2010 to 2020, land use conflicts in Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration intensified, and the impact of human activities on conflicts was strengthened. Land supervision and legal protection measures should be strengthened in the subsequent development.
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202209110001
Abstract:
Puberty is an important stage in animal growth and development, and its mechanism is very complex. This paper reports the phenomenon of early estrus of a sub adult giant panda, and discusses the potential reasons that affect the early estrus of female giant pandas from the aspects of genetic and endocrine, nutrition, individual development and climate environment. Meanwhile, In the breeding and management of giant pandas, scientific and reasonable manage measures should be formulated to maintain the appropriate growth rate and reduce or avoid premature estrus.
Puberty is an important stage in animal growth and development, and its mechanism is very complex. This paper reports the phenomenon of early estrus of a sub adult giant panda, and discusses the potential reasons that affect the early estrus of female giant pandas from the aspects of genetic and endocrine, nutrition, individual development and climate environment. Meanwhile, In the breeding and management of giant pandas, scientific and reasonable manage measures should be formulated to maintain the appropriate growth rate and reduce or avoid premature estrus.
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202209130001
Abstract:
In order to investigate the short-term efficiency of different biological rodenticides on plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae), we carried out a comparative experiment on feeding rate and deratization effect of four biological rodenticides, named Xinbeiao (BR1), Bromadiolone (BR2), Stratagemò (BR3) and Shudaonan (BR4), respectively, in severely degraded alpine grassland of Zoige county caused by rats in May 2022, in order to provide basic data for the selection of rodent population control rodenticides in degraded grassland on plateau. The results showed that: (1) the order of short-term feeding rate was BR4(100.0 %)> BR3 (98.3 %) > BR1 (77.0 %) > BR2 (67.4 %). (2) Among the four tested rodenticides, the order of deratization effect was BR2 (86.0 %) > BR4 (52.9 %) > BR1 (41.0 %) > BR3 (34.8 %). BR2 has the best short-term control effect, followed by BR4 and BR1. So, BR2 and BR4 can be used for emergency control of plateau pika population in severely degraded grassland. But it is necessary to strengthen the protection of non-target mammals when applying BR2. While BR1 and BR3 can be used for the long-term routine control of plateau pika population in moderate and mild degraded grasslands.
In order to investigate the short-term efficiency of different biological rodenticides on plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae), we carried out a comparative experiment on feeding rate and deratization effect of four biological rodenticides, named Xinbeiao (BR1), Bromadiolone (BR2), Stratagemò (BR3) and Shudaonan (BR4), respectively, in severely degraded alpine grassland of Zoige county caused by rats in May 2022, in order to provide basic data for the selection of rodent population control rodenticides in degraded grassland on plateau. The results showed that: (1) the order of short-term feeding rate was BR4(100.0 %)> BR3 (98.3 %) > BR1 (77.0 %) > BR2 (67.4 %). (2) Among the four tested rodenticides, the order of deratization effect was BR2 (86.0 %) > BR4 (52.9 %) > BR1 (41.0 %) > BR3 (34.8 %). BR2 has the best short-term control effect, followed by BR4 and BR1. So, BR2 and BR4 can be used for emergency control of plateau pika population in severely degraded grassland. But it is necessary to strengthen the protection of non-target mammals when applying BR2. While BR1 and BR3 can be used for the long-term routine control of plateau pika population in moderate and mild degraded grasslands.
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202209140001
Abstract:
With the development of scientific research and citizen science, more and more new records of birds in China have been discovered in recent years. Therefore, it is of great significance for ornithological research and bird conservation to timely collect these data and explore the potential patterns of bird distribution changes. Based on books and journal literature, we systematically reviewed the new records of birds among different provincial administrative regions of China in the recent decade. The results showed that China holds 1456 bird species, which belonged to 26 orders and 110 families up to March 31, 2022. 48.86% bird species had been first found in one or more provincial administrative region of China, and among these, 37 species were first discovered in China. Almost provincial administrative regions had new records of birds except for Macao, and most records were distributed highly in southeast, southwest and north of China. Most birds of new records were belonged to Passeriformes and Charadriiformes, which showed the increase of the former in the regions such as Guangxi and Jiangxi provinces, and the increase of the latter in the regions such as Sichuan and Yunnan provinces. According to the habitat analysis of the new records, 86.07% of the new records are concentrated in waters, forests and residential areas. The number of new recorded species decreases with the increase of human footprint index. It means that new bird record increasing may be related to survey efforts, protection effectiveness, environmental changes and bird own traits. Therefore, we suggested that researchers and managers should strengthen the survey effort of birds, especially in the mountainous areas, and pay more attention to the impact of climate and habitat changes on biodiversity.
With the development of scientific research and citizen science, more and more new records of birds in China have been discovered in recent years. Therefore, it is of great significance for ornithological research and bird conservation to timely collect these data and explore the potential patterns of bird distribution changes. Based on books and journal literature, we systematically reviewed the new records of birds among different provincial administrative regions of China in the recent decade. The results showed that China holds 1456 bird species, which belonged to 26 orders and 110 families up to March 31, 2022. 48.86% bird species had been first found in one or more provincial administrative region of China, and among these, 37 species were first discovered in China. Almost provincial administrative regions had new records of birds except for Macao, and most records were distributed highly in southeast, southwest and north of China. Most birds of new records were belonged to Passeriformes and Charadriiformes, which showed the increase of the former in the regions such as Guangxi and Jiangxi provinces, and the increase of the latter in the regions such as Sichuan and Yunnan provinces. According to the habitat analysis of the new records, 86.07% of the new records are concentrated in waters, forests and residential areas. The number of new recorded species decreases with the increase of human footprint index. It means that new bird record increasing may be related to survey efforts, protection effectiveness, environmental changes and bird own traits. Therefore, we suggested that researchers and managers should strengthen the survey effort of birds, especially in the mountainous areas, and pay more attention to the impact of climate and habitat changes on biodiversity.
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202208290004
Abstract:
Based on field surveys for many years and reserve scientific literatures, this study aimed to analyze the seed plants in Mount Emei Area, their composition, and characteristics of the flora. The floristic analysis shows that: (1) There are 2986 species belonging to 179 families and 990 genera in the area of Mount Emei. Among them, there are 35 species, 23 genera, 7 families of gymnosperms, and 2951 species, 967 genera, and 172 families of angiosperms. (2) The flora elements in family grade are predominant tropical and subtropical distribution, but the temperate feature is obvious too. 75 tropical and subtropical families and 53 temperate families account for 57.69% and 40.77% of the non-cosmopolitan families, respectively. In genus level, temperate components are slightly advantage with 450 genera, accounting for 48.97% of non-worldwide genera. Comprehensive analysis shows that the temperate and tropical-subtropical components intersect and merge in Emei Mountain area. The temperate distribution is dominant but the tropical and subtropical nature is also obvious, which shows the characteristics of the transition from tropical-subtropical to temperate zone. (3) The flora richness of seed plants in the area of Mount Emei also shows that there are many endangered, endemic and ancient species.
Based on field surveys for many years and reserve scientific literatures, this study aimed to analyze the seed plants in Mount Emei Area, their composition, and characteristics of the flora. The floristic analysis shows that: (1) There are 2986 species belonging to 179 families and 990 genera in the area of Mount Emei. Among them, there are 35 species, 23 genera, 7 families of gymnosperms, and 2951 species, 967 genera, and 172 families of angiosperms. (2) The flora elements in family grade are predominant tropical and subtropical distribution, but the temperate feature is obvious too. 75 tropical and subtropical families and 53 temperate families account for 57.69% and 40.77% of the non-cosmopolitan families, respectively. In genus level, temperate components are slightly advantage with 450 genera, accounting for 48.97% of non-worldwide genera. Comprehensive analysis shows that the temperate and tropical-subtropical components intersect and merge in Emei Mountain area. The temperate distribution is dominant but the tropical and subtropical nature is also obvious, which shows the characteristics of the transition from tropical-subtropical to temperate zone. (3) The flora richness of seed plants in the area of Mount Emei also shows that there are many endangered, endemic and ancient species.
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202302160002
Abstract:
In order to study the effect of short-term forest rehabilitation activities on the pulmonary ventilation function of people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 20 COPD patients living in urban areas during the remission period were selected to carry out a 5-day forest rehabilitation activity in Kuanba Forest Health Center. By comparing the changes of various indicators of pulmonary ventilation function before and after the patients' rehabilitation activities, the impact of short-term forest rehabilitation on the pulmonary ventilation function of COPD patients and the related factors were analyzed and discussed. The results showed that short-term forest rehabilitation had a significant positive effect on the recovery of pulmonary ventilation function indexes in COPD patients, and the effect on female patients was higher than that of male patients; the correlation analysis showed that the lifting rate of FEF25%, FEF50%, FEF75%, FEF25%-75% of the instantaneous flow of forced expiratory was significantly (P<0.05) or extremely significantly (P<0.01) negatively correlated with age, the MVV lifting rate was significantly negatively correlated with the degree of lung function damage (P<0.05), and the one-second rate was significantly positively correlated with the degree of lung function damage (P<0.05), indicating that short-term forest health care played a greater role in COPD patients with younger age and lighter lung function damage.
In order to study the effect of short-term forest rehabilitation activities on the pulmonary ventilation function of people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 20 COPD patients living in urban areas during the remission period were selected to carry out a 5-day forest rehabilitation activity in Kuanba Forest Health Center. By comparing the changes of various indicators of pulmonary ventilation function before and after the patients' rehabilitation activities, the impact of short-term forest rehabilitation on the pulmonary ventilation function of COPD patients and the related factors were analyzed and discussed. The results showed that short-term forest rehabilitation had a significant positive effect on the recovery of pulmonary ventilation function indexes in COPD patients, and the effect on female patients was higher than that of male patients; the correlation analysis showed that the lifting rate of FEF25%, FEF50%, FEF75%, FEF25%-75% of the instantaneous flow of forced expiratory was significantly (P<0.05) or extremely significantly (P<0.01) negatively correlated with age, the MVV lifting rate was significantly negatively correlated with the degree of lung function damage (P<0.05), and the one-second rate was significantly positively correlated with the degree of lung function damage (P<0.05), indicating that short-term forest health care played a greater role in COPD patients with younger age and lighter lung function damage.
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202211150001
Abstract:
Ecological wisdom is the wisdom of human beings, the core of which is that human beings use relevant technologies to treat human beings and nature in an equal and balanced relationship. This paper uses Citespace software to conduct a comparative analysis of the research hotspots, research contents and research trends in Chinese and English literature related to ecological wisdom from 2012 to 2021. The study shows that: ① the research perspective of Chinese literature is more focused, and compared with English literature, the research on climate change and biodiversity needs to be further deepened. ② The research content of Chinese literature includes ecological practices under the concept of sponge city, traditional humanistic ecological wisdom, and exploration of ecological wisdom in landscape gardening urban and rural areas; English literature mainly includes biodiversity in coastal areas of China, traditional ecological knowledge, and resistance to climate change and its impact. ③ The related research at home and abroad is still in the development stage, with domestic research hotspots concentrated before 2016 and foreign related research development until now being more balanced. Comparing the differences between Chinese and English literature studies in terms of research contents and methods, we finally conclude the future development potential of ecological wisdom-related research.
Ecological wisdom is the wisdom of human beings, the core of which is that human beings use relevant technologies to treat human beings and nature in an equal and balanced relationship. This paper uses Citespace software to conduct a comparative analysis of the research hotspots, research contents and research trends in Chinese and English literature related to ecological wisdom from 2012 to 2021. The study shows that: ① the research perspective of Chinese literature is more focused, and compared with English literature, the research on climate change and biodiversity needs to be further deepened. ② The research content of Chinese literature includes ecological practices under the concept of sponge city, traditional humanistic ecological wisdom, and exploration of ecological wisdom in landscape gardening urban and rural areas; English literature mainly includes biodiversity in coastal areas of China, traditional ecological knowledge, and resistance to climate change and its impact. ③ The related research at home and abroad is still in the development stage, with domestic research hotspots concentrated before 2016 and foreign related research development until now being more balanced. Comparing the differences between Chinese and English literature studies in terms of research contents and methods, we finally conclude the future development potential of ecological wisdom-related research.
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202209020002
Abstract:
Forest recreation is a natural therapy that effectively relieves stress and has a significant effect on physical and mental health. With the implementation of the "Health China 2030" plan, China’s forest recreation industry has gradually emerged, but there is a lack of systematic research on forest recreation. This paper compares the development history of forest recreation at domestic and foreign. Overseas research on forest recreation mainly reveals the physiological and psychological mechanisms of forest recreation on human health through empirical studies, mainly from the physiological perspective to verify the role of forest recreation in disease prevention and treatment, and from the psychosocial perspective to verify that the forest environment has a regulating effect on the human mental field. Domestic research on forest recreation focuses on the connotation of the concept of forest recreation, the evaluation of forest resources potential, the construction of forest recreation bases, and the development of forest recreation industries. Compared with foreign research, domestic research on forest recreation is more at the stage of qualitative analysis, with less quantitative analysis and empirical research, and the breadth and depth of research is insufficient. The development of forest recreation theory is relatively lagging behind, and clinical empirical research is almost in a blank state. The development of forest recreation industry still needs strong theoretical and medical empirical research to support it. Finally, we propose an outlook on the direction of forest recreation research and industry development: China should strengthen the empirical research on forest recreation and close the gap with foreign forest recreation research. The cross-disciplinary and comprehensive research should be continuously strengthened and a comprehensive analytical framework should be established to promote the continuous development of forest recreation research.
Forest recreation is a natural therapy that effectively relieves stress and has a significant effect on physical and mental health. With the implementation of the "Health China 2030" plan, China’s forest recreation industry has gradually emerged, but there is a lack of systematic research on forest recreation. This paper compares the development history of forest recreation at domestic and foreign. Overseas research on forest recreation mainly reveals the physiological and psychological mechanisms of forest recreation on human health through empirical studies, mainly from the physiological perspective to verify the role of forest recreation in disease prevention and treatment, and from the psychosocial perspective to verify that the forest environment has a regulating effect on the human mental field. Domestic research on forest recreation focuses on the connotation of the concept of forest recreation, the evaluation of forest resources potential, the construction of forest recreation bases, and the development of forest recreation industries. Compared with foreign research, domestic research on forest recreation is more at the stage of qualitative analysis, with less quantitative analysis and empirical research, and the breadth and depth of research is insufficient. The development of forest recreation theory is relatively lagging behind, and clinical empirical research is almost in a blank state. The development of forest recreation industry still needs strong theoretical and medical empirical research to support it. Finally, we propose an outlook on the direction of forest recreation research and industry development: China should strengthen the empirical research on forest recreation and close the gap with foreign forest recreation research. The cross-disciplinary and comprehensive research should be continuously strengthened and a comprehensive analytical framework should be established to promote the continuous development of forest recreation research.
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202208300003
Abstract:
In order to provide reference for the afforestation cultivation and sustainable management of Pinus sylvetrisl in Yulin sandy area.In the present study,we set up 38 plots of P. sylvetrisl plantations with the size 20 m×20 m in Yuyang District, Yulin City from the aspects of altitude,age and slope position.Using the Quantitative Theory I model, the multiple regression equation between the average height of dominant trees and site factors in P. sylvetrisl plantations was established, and the site evaluation grade was determined. We was used to evaluate the site quality quantitatively of P. sylvetrisl in Yulin sandy area. The results show:（1）With the growth of forest age, the average diameter at breast height and tree height of P. sylvetrisl plantations in Yulin sandy area will increase significantly.The fastest growth rate in 10-20 years.（2）The plantation of P. sylvetrisl is divided into 12 site types based on the three dominant factors of slope aspect, altitude and slope position.P. sylvetrisl conducts evaluation on site classification results.Through the site evaluation of the surveyed plots, it can be seen that 75% of the P. sylvetrisl plantations in the surveyed plots have a site evaluation level above the intermediate level.It shows that the site conditions of the sylvestris pine planting area in Yulin area are better, which is suitable for the cultivation of sylvestris pine.The prediction equation has been tested to meet the requirements, indicating that the quantitative theory I can be used to evaluate the site quality and predict the growth trend of the P. sylvetrisl plantation.
In order to provide reference for the afforestation cultivation and sustainable management of Pinus sylvetrisl in Yulin sandy area.In the present study,we set up 38 plots of P. sylvetrisl plantations with the size 20 m×20 m in Yuyang District, Yulin City from the aspects of altitude,age and slope position.Using the Quantitative Theory I model, the multiple regression equation between the average height of dominant trees and site factors in P. sylvetrisl plantations was established, and the site evaluation grade was determined. We was used to evaluate the site quality quantitatively of P. sylvetrisl in Yulin sandy area. The results show:（1）With the growth of forest age, the average diameter at breast height and tree height of P. sylvetrisl plantations in Yulin sandy area will increase significantly.The fastest growth rate in 10-20 years.（2）The plantation of P. sylvetrisl is divided into 12 site types based on the three dominant factors of slope aspect, altitude and slope position.P. sylvetrisl conducts evaluation on site classification results.Through the site evaluation of the surveyed plots, it can be seen that 75% of the P. sylvetrisl plantations in the surveyed plots have a site evaluation level above the intermediate level.It shows that the site conditions of the sylvestris pine planting area in Yulin area are better, which is suitable for the cultivation of sylvestris pine.The prediction equation has been tested to meet the requirements, indicating that the quantitative theory I can be used to evaluate the site quality and predict the growth trend of the P. sylvetrisl plantation.
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202208300001
Abstract:
Latitude and altitude are the most important environmental gradients affecting the distribution pattern of biodiversity. Considering the impact of latitude and altitude gradients on biodiversity distribution has practical guiding significance for regional biodiversity protection, however, few studies focus on latitude and altitude at the same time. In biodiversity hotspot Gaoligong Mountains, we researched bird species in Yaojiaping (25.94°N), Yaping (27.14°N) and Dulong (27.90°N) by transect line method at 2000~2400 m a.s.l.,species richness and Jaccard similarity index were used to analyze the distribution pattern of bird diversity on altitude and latitude gradients, and we compared the effects between altitude gradient and latitude gradient. The results show that: (1) On the latitude gradient, the bird species number in lowest latitude Yaojiaping is the highest, and the Jaccard similarity index of bird species among the three sites is quite low, and the similarity between Yaojiaping and Yaping in low latitude is higher; (2) On altitude gradient, the peak of bird species richness in Yaojiaping, Yaping and Dulongjiang occurs at 2200 m , 2400 m and 2300 m respectively, the Jaccard similarity index of bird species among different altitude segments are quite low in each of the three sites; (3) The Jaccard similarity index on the latitude gradient is similar with that on the altitude gradient. The results show that the bird communities turn quickly both on the altitude and latitude gradients in Gaoligong Mountains, and the composition of bird community in the whole region is quite different. Thus it is necessary to protect multiple regions and habitats to realize biodiversity conservation. In addition, the turnover of bird species composition on 100m elevation gradient was similar to that on 1° latitude gradient, which confirmed the geographical law of climate change in latitude and elevation gradient.
Latitude and altitude are the most important environmental gradients affecting the distribution pattern of biodiversity. Considering the impact of latitude and altitude gradients on biodiversity distribution has practical guiding significance for regional biodiversity protection, however, few studies focus on latitude and altitude at the same time. In biodiversity hotspot Gaoligong Mountains, we researched bird species in Yaojiaping (25.94°N), Yaping (27.14°N) and Dulong (27.90°N) by transect line method at 2000~2400 m a.s.l.,species richness and Jaccard similarity index were used to analyze the distribution pattern of bird diversity on altitude and latitude gradients, and we compared the effects between altitude gradient and latitude gradient. The results show that: (1) On the latitude gradient, the bird species number in lowest latitude Yaojiaping is the highest, and the Jaccard similarity index of bird species among the three sites is quite low, and the similarity between Yaojiaping and Yaping in low latitude is higher; (2) On altitude gradient, the peak of bird species richness in Yaojiaping, Yaping and Dulongjiang occurs at 2200 m , 2400 m and 2300 m respectively, the Jaccard similarity index of bird species among different altitude segments are quite low in each of the three sites; (3) The Jaccard similarity index on the latitude gradient is similar with that on the altitude gradient. The results show that the bird communities turn quickly both on the altitude and latitude gradients in Gaoligong Mountains, and the composition of bird community in the whole region is quite different. Thus it is necessary to protect multiple regions and habitats to realize biodiversity conservation. In addition, the turnover of bird species composition on 100m elevation gradient was similar to that on 1° latitude gradient, which confirmed the geographical law of climate change in latitude and elevation gradient.
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202208220003
Abstract:
Water supply affects the diversity and behavior of animals, but the influence of water sources on animals is rarely considered in urban green space planning. In order to study the influence of water sources on animal diversity and activities in urban green spaces, from February 2018 to August 2019, we used 4 camera traps near ponds and other water sources and 3 trigger infrared cameras in areas without water sources in Dali University, to monitor and analyze the differences of species diversity, activity rhythm between rainy and dry seasons and activity rhythm of different species.Result: 1) A total of 58 species of birds and 6 species of mammals were recorded in this survey. The capture rate and bird species diversity in water source areas are higher than those in non-water source areas; while the mammal diversity is higher in non-building area no matter water resources exists or not. 2) Six species of birds and mammals with high relative abundance were Tupaia belangeri, Callosciurus erythraeus, Pycnonotus xanthorrhous, Pycnonotus aurigaster, Garrulax sannio, Turdus dissimilis, and kernel density estimation analysis show that the peak activity of all species in dry season is earlier than that in rainy season. Estimation analysis revealed that all species’ peak activity occurred earlier in the dry season than in the rainy season, with no significant differences in Tupaia belangeri’s daily activity rhythm in the rainy and dry seasons, but significant differences in the daily activity rhythm of other animal groups between the rainy and dry seasons. 3) There were no significant differences in daily activity rhythms among Tupaia belangeri, Callosciurus erythraeus and Garrulax sannio, but the daily activity rhythms of other species overlapped to a moderate or higher degree, and the daily activity rhythms were significantly different. The daily activity rhythms of human beings and six kinds of birds and mammals overlapped to a low degree, and the activity rhythms were significantly different. This study proves that the utilization of water resources by animals is affected by demand and other species as well as human interference. It suggests that the use of water resources by animals should be considered in the design and management of green spaces such as campuses in the future.
Water supply affects the diversity and behavior of animals, but the influence of water sources on animals is rarely considered in urban green space planning. In order to study the influence of water sources on animal diversity and activities in urban green spaces, from February 2018 to August 2019, we used 4 camera traps near ponds and other water sources and 3 trigger infrared cameras in areas without water sources in Dali University, to monitor and analyze the differences of species diversity, activity rhythm between rainy and dry seasons and activity rhythm of different species.Result: 1) A total of 58 species of birds and 6 species of mammals were recorded in this survey. The capture rate and bird species diversity in water source areas are higher than those in non-water source areas; while the mammal diversity is higher in non-building area no matter water resources exists or not. 2) Six species of birds and mammals with high relative abundance were Tupaia belangeri, Callosciurus erythraeus, Pycnonotus xanthorrhous, Pycnonotus aurigaster, Garrulax sannio, Turdus dissimilis, and kernel density estimation analysis show that the peak activity of all species in dry season is earlier than that in rainy season. Estimation analysis revealed that all species’ peak activity occurred earlier in the dry season than in the rainy season, with no significant differences in Tupaia belangeri’s daily activity rhythm in the rainy and dry seasons, but significant differences in the daily activity rhythm of other animal groups between the rainy and dry seasons. 3) There were no significant differences in daily activity rhythms among Tupaia belangeri, Callosciurus erythraeus and Garrulax sannio, but the daily activity rhythms of other species overlapped to a moderate or higher degree, and the daily activity rhythms were significantly different. The daily activity rhythms of human beings and six kinds of birds and mammals overlapped to a low degree, and the activity rhythms were significantly different. This study proves that the utilization of water resources by animals is affected by demand and other species as well as human interference. It suggests that the use of water resources by animals should be considered in the design and management of green spaces such as campuses in the future.
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202208220002
Abstract:
Based on the field survey of flowering plants in three wetland parks in Kunming, the relationship between annual flowering plants and butterfly diversity in Kunming Wetland Park was discussed. The results showed that the species richness and abundance of butterflies were not only affected by the seasonal changes, but also by the flower richness and color of flowering plants. In terms of time series, temperature, seasonal changes, flowering plants and plant configuration are important factors to maintain butterfly species diversity. From the perspective of the park as a whole, reasonable allocation of flowering plants and plant colors will promote the diversity of butterflies and the development of biodiversity in urban wetland parks.
Based on the field survey of flowering plants in three wetland parks in Kunming, the relationship between annual flowering plants and butterfly diversity in Kunming Wetland Park was discussed. The results showed that the species richness and abundance of butterflies were not only affected by the seasonal changes, but also by the flower richness and color of flowering plants. In terms of time series, temperature, seasonal changes, flowering plants and plant configuration are important factors to maintain butterfly species diversity. From the perspective of the park as a whole, reasonable allocation of flowering plants and plant colors will promote the diversity of butterflies and the development of biodiversity in urban wetland parks.
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202208120001
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In this study, the Picea purpurea community in Gahai-Zecha National Nature Reserve was taken as the research object, and the species composition and species diversity of each layer in the community were investigated and analyzed by community survey method. The results showed that: (1) There were 82 species of P. purpurea community in Gahai-Zecha National Nature Reserve, belonging to 41 families and 60 genera, which were dominated by Asteraceae, Rosaceae and Caprifoliaceae. (2) The richness index (S), Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H), Simpson dominance index (D) and Pielou evenness index (E) of each layer in the community were in the order of shrub layer > herb layer > tree layer. With the increase of altitude, the diversity indexes of tree layer and herb layer increased first and then decreased with the increase of altitude, and the diversity index of shrub layer decreased monotonically with the increase of altitude. (3) There was a negative correlation between altitude and diversity indices of tree layer and shrub layer, a negative correlation between altitude and species richness index (S) of herb layer, and a positive correlation between altitude and other indices of herb layer. The results showed that the species diversity of Picea purpurea community in Gahai-Zecha Nature Reserve was greatly affected by altitude.
In this study, the Picea purpurea community in Gahai-Zecha National Nature Reserve was taken as the research object, and the species composition and species diversity of each layer in the community were investigated and analyzed by community survey method. The results showed that: (1) There were 82 species of P. purpurea community in Gahai-Zecha National Nature Reserve, belonging to 41 families and 60 genera, which were dominated by Asteraceae, Rosaceae and Caprifoliaceae. (2) The richness index (S), Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H), Simpson dominance index (D) and Pielou evenness index (E) of each layer in the community were in the order of shrub layer > herb layer > tree layer. With the increase of altitude, the diversity indexes of tree layer and herb layer increased first and then decreased with the increase of altitude, and the diversity index of shrub layer decreased monotonically with the increase of altitude. (3) There was a negative correlation between altitude and diversity indices of tree layer and shrub layer, a negative correlation between altitude and species richness index (S) of herb layer, and a positive correlation between altitude and other indices of herb layer. The results showed that the species diversity of Picea purpurea community in Gahai-Zecha Nature Reserve was greatly affected by altitude.
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202208010001
Abstract:
The literature analysis software was used to quantitatively analyze 431 literatures related to urban green space carbon sink research in CNKI database. The research of green space carbon sink is divided into three research stages: the exploration stage of green space carbon sink function, the development and practice stage of green space carbon sink, and the optimization stage of green space carbon sink efficiency. The research progress at each stage is reviewed from three aspects: theoretical approach, influencing factors and benefit evaluation, and three suggestions are made for the study of carbon sinks in urban green areas: build a systematic and comprehensive theoretical and methodological framework from a multidisciplinary perspective, explore the value of influencing factors with the goal of maximizing green space carbon sink benefits, and establish a differentiated evaluation system for continuous dynamic monitoring.
The literature analysis software was used to quantitatively analyze 431 literatures related to urban green space carbon sink research in CNKI database. The research of green space carbon sink is divided into three research stages: the exploration stage of green space carbon sink function, the development and practice stage of green space carbon sink, and the optimization stage of green space carbon sink efficiency. The research progress at each stage is reviewed from three aspects: theoretical approach, influencing factors and benefit evaluation, and three suggestions are made for the study of carbon sinks in urban green areas: build a systematic and comprehensive theoretical and methodological framework from a multidisciplinary perspective, explore the value of influencing factors with the goal of maximizing green space carbon sink benefits, and establish a differentiated evaluation system for continuous dynamic monitoring.
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202206300001
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Cinnamomum longepaniculatum (Gamble) N. Chao is an important plant and an economic forest tree, which is unique to China. How to improve seed germination and seed physiological indexes have little research. In order to make the seeds of germinate quickly and shorten the time-cost, the plant growth regulator GAs was used as a promoter to accelerate the germination of Cinnamomum longepaniculatum seeds. Four concentrations of GAs (0.2 g·L−1, 0.4 g·L−1,0.6 g·L−1,1 g·L−1) treat the seeds for 24 h and 48 h, the physiological indexes and embryo development were compared. Under 0.4 g·L−1GAs treatment, the SOD of seed could significantly increase after 24 h, under 0.6 g·L−1GAs treatment, the POD of seed could significantly increase after 48 h, 0.4 g·L−1GAs treatment could significantly increase the CAT activity. 0.4 g·L-1GAs treatment could reduce the MDA content. 0.4 g·L−1GAs treatment for 48 hours was the most promoting seed germination of Cinnamomum longepaniculatum.
Cinnamomum longepaniculatum (Gamble) N. Chao is an important plant and an economic forest tree, which is unique to China. How to improve seed germination and seed physiological indexes have little research. In order to make the seeds of germinate quickly and shorten the time-cost, the plant growth regulator GAs was used as a promoter to accelerate the germination of Cinnamomum longepaniculatum seeds. Four concentrations of GAs (0.2 g·L−1, 0.4 g·L−1,0.6 g·L−1,1 g·L−1) treat the seeds for 24 h and 48 h, the physiological indexes and embryo development were compared. Under 0.4 g·L−1GAs treatment, the SOD of seed could significantly increase after 24 h, under 0.6 g·L−1GAs treatment, the POD of seed could significantly increase after 48 h, 0.4 g·L−1GAs treatment could significantly increase the CAT activity. 0.4 g·L-1GAs treatment could reduce the MDA content. 0.4 g·L−1GAs treatment for 48 hours was the most promoting seed germination of Cinnamomum longepaniculatum.
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202204110004
Abstract:
To explore the effect of soluble sugar content in tissue culture of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. In this article, the method of anthraquinone ketene was used to measure the various stages of the soluble sugar content of the Tripterygium wilfordii tissue culture. The results show that sucrose was the best carbon source in the process of root training, of which 30 g·L−1 is the optimal concentration and the rooting rate reached to 100%.The content of soluble sugar increased at 0−7 d and 14−21 d, but decreased at other time, which indicated that soluble sugar was an important energy substance. Sucrose is the best carbon source in different carbon source treatments. Glucose not only makes the explants of Tripterygium wilfordii have poor rooting effect, but also inhibits its growth and development, which makes the plant in a nutrient deficiency state. In the process of tissue culture of Tripterygium Wilfordii, exogenous sucrose can be added to promote the growth and development of Tripterygium Wilfordii explants.
To explore the effect of soluble sugar content in tissue culture of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. In this article, the method of anthraquinone ketene was used to measure the various stages of the soluble sugar content of the Tripterygium wilfordii tissue culture. The results show that sucrose was the best carbon source in the process of root training, of which 30 g·L−1 is the optimal concentration and the rooting rate reached to 100%.The content of soluble sugar increased at 0−7 d and 14−21 d, but decreased at other time, which indicated that soluble sugar was an important energy substance. Sucrose is the best carbon source in different carbon source treatments. Glucose not only makes the explants of Tripterygium wilfordii have poor rooting effect, but also inhibits its growth and development, which makes the plant in a nutrient deficiency state. In the process of tissue culture of Tripterygium Wilfordii, exogenous sucrose can be added to promote the growth and development of Tripterygium Wilfordii explants.
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202205130001
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Dendrocalamopsis oldhamii is an important bamboo species for shoots in summer and autumn. In order to explore the cultivation potential of Dendrocalamopsis oldhamii in Nanchong, this study introduced Dendrocalamopsis oldhamii, and the barreled seedlings of Dendrocalamopsis oldhamii were carried out summer and winter cultivation experiments in three districts of Nanchong. The number of shoots, the diameter of the grown bamboo, the morphological characters of the height of the plant, and the cold tolerance were compared. The results showed that the survival rate of Dendrocalamopsis oldhamii was above 82%; after planting in sunmmer, the bamboo shoots could be induced in the same year, with an average of 3.4 to 5 shoots. The average plant height was 2.4m-3.1m; next year the second-generation induced from first-generation bamboo shoots on average 2, and compared with first-generation, the average ground diameter of the second -generation was 1.5 times, and the average plant height is 1.56-1.85 times the first-generation plant height. After planting in winter , 5.1-5.8 bamboo shoots could be produced in the next summer and autumn. The average diameter of the developed adult bamboo was 2.11-3 cm, and the average plant height was 2.65-3.86 m; the Dendrocalamopsis oldhamii does not show obvious frost damage in winter. This study believes that Dendrocalamopsis oldhamii is suitable for introduction and cultivation in the Nanchong, and related research has increased the suitable range of Dendrocalamopsis oldhamii to the north by 2 to 3 latitudes.
Dendrocalamopsis oldhamii is an important bamboo species for shoots in summer and autumn. In order to explore the cultivation potential of Dendrocalamopsis oldhamii in Nanchong, this study introduced Dendrocalamopsis oldhamii, and the barreled seedlings of Dendrocalamopsis oldhamii were carried out summer and winter cultivation experiments in three districts of Nanchong. The number of shoots, the diameter of the grown bamboo, the morphological characters of the height of the plant, and the cold tolerance were compared. The results showed that the survival rate of Dendrocalamopsis oldhamii was above 82%; after planting in sunmmer, the bamboo shoots could be induced in the same year, with an average of 3.4 to 5 shoots. The average plant height was 2.4m-3.1m; next year the second-generation induced from first-generation bamboo shoots on average 2, and compared with first-generation, the average ground diameter of the second -generation was 1.5 times, and the average plant height is 1.56-1.85 times the first-generation plant height. After planting in winter , 5.1-5.8 bamboo shoots could be produced in the next summer and autumn. The average diameter of the developed adult bamboo was 2.11-3 cm, and the average plant height was 2.65-3.86 m; the Dendrocalamopsis oldhamii does not show obvious frost damage in winter. This study believes that Dendrocalamopsis oldhamii is suitable for introduction and cultivation in the Nanchong, and related research has increased the suitable range of Dendrocalamopsis oldhamii to the north by 2 to 3 latitudes.
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202207210002
Abstract:
Sciaphila ramosa Fukuyma et Suzuki, a new record species in Sciaphila Blume of Triuridaceae in Sichuan Province, was recently found. This is first reported in Sichuan,China.
Sciaphila ramosa Fukuyma et Suzuki, a new record species in Sciaphila Blume of Triuridaceae in Sichuan Province, was recently found. This is first reported in Sichuan,China.
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202207190003
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Due to lack of water and fertilizer in sandy land, the grass survival rate is low and the growth is slow.This paper explores the effect of super absorbent bamboo fiber combined with Bacillus subtilis on the restoration of vegetation in sandy land, and the following results were obtained: (1) Compared with the control group, the monthly average soil humidity in the test group was 38.06% higher and the monthly average soil temperature was 2.89% lower. The number of bacteria and fungi in the soil layer at 0-10cm was 126.69% and 50.25% higher than that in the control group; (2) The total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium and yield of forage in the experimental group increased by 114.49%, 35.74%, 44.47% and 52.63% compared with the control group. The soil ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group, but not significantly; (3) The survival rate of Elymus Elymus in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the number of plants per unit area was 345.04% higher than that in the control group. The results showed that the super absorbent bamboo fiber combined with Bacillus subtilis can effectively improve the soil moisture and nutrient content in sandy land, and improve the plant survival rate in sandy land.
Due to lack of water and fertilizer in sandy land, the grass survival rate is low and the growth is slow.This paper explores the effect of super absorbent bamboo fiber combined with Bacillus subtilis on the restoration of vegetation in sandy land, and the following results were obtained: (1) Compared with the control group, the monthly average soil humidity in the test group was 38.06% higher and the monthly average soil temperature was 2.89% lower. The number of bacteria and fungi in the soil layer at 0-10cm was 126.69% and 50.25% higher than that in the control group; (2) The total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium and yield of forage in the experimental group increased by 114.49%, 35.74%, 44.47% and 52.63% compared with the control group. The soil ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group, but not significantly; (3) The survival rate of Elymus Elymus in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the number of plants per unit area was 345.04% higher than that in the control group. The results showed that the super absorbent bamboo fiber combined with Bacillus subtilis can effectively improve the soil moisture and nutrient content in sandy land, and improve the plant survival rate in sandy land.
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202207220001
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, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202207190002
Abstract:
With the development of dendrology in China, more and more coniferous trees, broad-leaved trees and shrubs have been applied to tree-ring-climate response research, which has extended the research area beyond the forest area. In this paper, we collected and summarized the research on the response of tree radial growth to climate published by Chinese scholars, discussed the complexity of tree radial growth to climate response from different perspectives, and prospected the future research on tree-ring-climate response. Under the background of climate warming, the environment of strong for tree growth response to climate change becomes more complex, in order to more accurately assess the future climate change scenarios external environment impact on tree growth and continue to expand our tree-ring research scope, tree rings to learn in our country should continue to explore more appropriate tree species, perfecting tree-ring data in our country, We will give full play to the application potential and scientific research value of dendrology in dealing with future climate change and forest ecological protection.
With the development of dendrology in China, more and more coniferous trees, broad-leaved trees and shrubs have been applied to tree-ring-climate response research, which has extended the research area beyond the forest area. In this paper, we collected and summarized the research on the response of tree radial growth to climate published by Chinese scholars, discussed the complexity of tree radial growth to climate response from different perspectives, and prospected the future research on tree-ring-climate response. Under the background of climate warming, the environment of strong for tree growth response to climate change becomes more complex, in order to more accurately assess the future climate change scenarios external environment impact on tree growth and continue to expand our tree-ring research scope, tree rings to learn in our country should continue to explore more appropriate tree species, perfecting tree-ring data in our country, We will give full play to the application potential and scientific research value of dendrology in dealing with future climate change and forest ecological protection.
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202112100001
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In this paper, the unmanned aerial vehicle （UAV） was used to spray pesticide on trellis-type vineyard. Taking the droplet deposition density as an index, the effects of UAVflight height, flight speed and spraying dose on the spraying effect were studied by orthogonal test design. Through the analysis of three interactive factors, it was concluded that flight speed, flight height and spraying amount had interactive effects on the spraying effect. At the same time, when the flying height was 2.5m, the flying speed was 1m/s, the spraying dose was 200ml/min, the spraying effect was better.
In this paper, the unmanned aerial vehicle （UAV） was used to spray pesticide on trellis-type vineyard. Taking the droplet deposition density as an index, the effects of UAVflight height, flight speed and spraying dose on the spraying effect were studied by orthogonal test design. Through the analysis of three interactive factors, it was concluded that flight speed, flight height and spraying amount had interactive effects on the spraying effect. At the same time, when the flying height was 2.5m, the flying speed was 1m/s, the spraying dose was 200ml/min, the spraying effect was better.
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202112160003
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By sorting out and identifying some Histerid beetles specimens collected in Henan province, Onthophilus niponensis Lewis, 1907, a new record species was found in China for the first time. Its characteristics were described and detailed pictures were provided, and the specimens were deposited in the Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University.
By sorting out and identifying some Histerid beetles specimens collected in Henan province, Onthophilus niponensis Lewis, 1907, a new record species was found in China for the first time. Its characteristics were described and detailed pictures were provided, and the specimens were deposited in the Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University.
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202108110004
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In order to select appropriate substrate ratio of Hippophae rhamnoides L. in the front mountain belt of the northern slope of Tianshan mountains, garden soil, decomposed sheep droppings and river sand were used as the experimental material. The physiological growth index of Hippophae rhamnoides seedling with different ratios of seedling substrates were compared and analyzed by means of variance analysis, principal component analysis, stepwise regression analysis, etc. Finally, a comprehensive evaluation of Hippophae rhamnoides L. container seedlings was made to reveal the growth characteristics of seedlings in this area, and to selected a better ratio of seedling substrates. The results showed that there were differences in the growth and physiological index of Hippophae rhamnoides L. in different seedling substrates. The optimum substrate ratio of Hippophae rhamnoides was: garden soil: decomposed sheep droppings: river sand =6:2:2.
In order to select appropriate substrate ratio of Hippophae rhamnoides L. in the front mountain belt of the northern slope of Tianshan mountains, garden soil, decomposed sheep droppings and river sand were used as the experimental material. The physiological growth index of Hippophae rhamnoides seedling with different ratios of seedling substrates were compared and analyzed by means of variance analysis, principal component analysis, stepwise regression analysis, etc. Finally, a comprehensive evaluation of Hippophae rhamnoides L. container seedlings was made to reveal the growth characteristics of seedlings in this area, and to selected a better ratio of seedling substrates. The results showed that there were differences in the growth and physiological index of Hippophae rhamnoides L. in different seedling substrates. The optimum substrate ratio of Hippophae rhamnoides was: garden soil: decomposed sheep droppings: river sand =6:2:2.
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202106170001
Abstract:
Using fruit model traps of different colors and shapes and male sex attractants to attract Bactrocera tau in the field, the attraction effects on Bactrocera tau were compared. At the same time, the attraction effects of fruit model traps and commercially traps on Bactrocera tau were compared, and the significant level of their trapping effects was analyzed, in order to select traps with better attracting effects. The results showed that: (1) Compared with adding liquid attractant or a piece of solid attractant without any sex attractant, the trapping effects of the three fruit model traps were in the order of HG+1Y>SG+1Y>QC+1Y; (2) When two pieces of solid attractant were added, the trapping effects of the three fruit model traps were HG+2Y>QC+2Y>SG+2Y; (3) Effect of using fruit model traps and commercial traps: HG+Y and HZ+Y had the best trapping effects on Bactrocera tau. The trapping effects of the six traps were in the order of HZ+Y>HG+Y>QC+Y>SG+Y>SJ+Y>YG+Y.
Using fruit model traps of different colors and shapes and male sex attractants to attract Bactrocera tau in the field, the attraction effects on Bactrocera tau were compared. At the same time, the attraction effects of fruit model traps and commercially traps on Bactrocera tau were compared, and the significant level of their trapping effects was analyzed, in order to select traps with better attracting effects. The results showed that: (1) Compared with adding liquid attractant or a piece of solid attractant without any sex attractant, the trapping effects of the three fruit model traps were in the order of HG+1Y>SG+1Y>QC+1Y; (2) When two pieces of solid attractant were added, the trapping effects of the three fruit model traps were HG+2Y>QC+2Y>SG+2Y; (3) Effect of using fruit model traps and commercial traps: HG+Y and HZ+Y had the best trapping effects on Bactrocera tau. The trapping effects of the six traps were in the order of HZ+Y>HG+Y>QC+Y>SG+Y>SJ+Y>YG+Y.
, Available online , doi: 10.12172/202110140002
Abstract:
The road traffic engineering has an impact on the evolution of land use pattern in nature reserve. When the road keep extending to the hinterland of giant panda nature reserve, human activities also interfere with the habitat of reserves. Exploring this problem will help the nature reserve to take appropriate measures to improve the habitat level. In this study, the Giant Panda Nature Reserve in Liangshan Mountains of Sichuan Province was selected as an example to establish the structural equation model. The results showed that road traffic engineering had led to the reduction of the giant panda protection and habitat resources in the panda reserve, but it had driven the agriculture, farmers’ economy and the overall economy. However, to a certain extent, the road traffic engineering had led to the degradation of forest land resources and the increase of cultivated area and construction land area. In order to achieve the dual goals of ecological protection and sustainable livelihood of farmers, policy improvement must take into account the interests of ecology and farmers, and adopt a mitigation scheme of harmonious coexistence between man and nature.
The road traffic engineering has an impact on the evolution of land use pattern in nature reserve. When the road keep extending to the hinterland of giant panda nature reserve, human activities also interfere with the habitat of reserves. Exploring this problem will help the nature reserve to take appropriate measures to improve the habitat level. In this study, the Giant Panda Nature Reserve in Liangshan Mountains of Sichuan Province was selected as an example to establish the structural equation model. The results showed that road traffic engineering had led to the reduction of the giant panda protection and habitat resources in the panda reserve, but it had driven the agriculture, farmers’ economy and the overall economy. However, to a certain extent, the road traffic engineering had led to the degradation of forest land resources and the increase of cultivated area and construction land area. In order to achieve the dual goals of ecological protection and sustainable livelihood of farmers, policy improvement must take into account the interests of ecology and farmers, and adopt a mitigation scheme of harmonious coexistence between man and nature.
