2019 Vol. 40 Issue 4
2019 Vol. 40, No. 4
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2019, 40(4): 1-6.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2019.04.001
Abstract:
In order to further explore the phenomenon that female flowers of spikes of walnuts produced more flowers and fruits and the special germplasm resources of Sichuan walnut were excavated, Studies were made of excellent resources of spikes of walnuts in early stage, the growth and development characteristics of female flower buds of spikes of walnuts by use of morphological comparison, paraffin section and electron microscope scanning.The results showed that:(1)Female flower buds were clustered or scattered, HSLH formed string fruits, HSZML, CTYM and SQLG formed spike-like fruits.(2) HSZML had the largest female flower buds and apical buds, while SQLG had the smallest female flower buds and apical buds.(3) In early March, female flower buds began to germinate and the apex of growth points was raised, HSZML, CTYM and SQLG differentiated into pistil primordia in different directions. In early May, the growth points grew upward and differentiated into multiple leaf primordia. The top growth points of CTYM and SQLG gradually elongated to form the primordium of female inflorescence. In late July, CTYM and SQLG continued to elongate. In early October, four primordia of female inflorescence were differentiated from HSLH and SQLG, and three primordia of female inflorescence were differentiated from HSZML and CTYM.
In order to further explore the phenomenon that female flowers of spikes of walnuts produced more flowers and fruits and the special germplasm resources of Sichuan walnut were excavated, Studies were made of excellent resources of spikes of walnuts in early stage, the growth and development characteristics of female flower buds of spikes of walnuts by use of morphological comparison, paraffin section and electron microscope scanning.The results showed that:(1)Female flower buds were clustered or scattered, HSLH formed string fruits, HSZML, CTYM and SQLG formed spike-like fruits.(2) HSZML had the largest female flower buds and apical buds, while SQLG had the smallest female flower buds and apical buds.(3) In early March, female flower buds began to germinate and the apex of growth points was raised, HSZML, CTYM and SQLG differentiated into pistil primordia in different directions. In early May, the growth points grew upward and differentiated into multiple leaf primordia. The top growth points of CTYM and SQLG gradually elongated to form the primordium of female inflorescence. In late July, CTYM and SQLG continued to elongate. In early October, four primordia of female inflorescence were differentiated from HSLH and SQLG, and three primordia of female inflorescence were differentiated from HSZML and CTYM.
2019, 40(4): 7-11.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2019.04.002
Abstract:
Based on the investigation data of forest resources, landscape pattern and forest landscape stability were researched for color-leafed forest in Bipeng Valley Scenic Spot..The result showed that (1) the main landscape types were Sibiraea laevigata forests,Rhododendron simsii fores,Larix mastersiana forests,Salix cupularis forests and Lonicera japonica forests. (2)LPI, PLAND and COHESION had the most significant impact on color-leafed forest landscape stability. (3)Landscape stability of Si. laevigata forests,R. simsii forests,L. Mastersiana forests and L. Japonica forests were stronger than that of So. Pohuashanensis forests,Hippophae rhamnoides forests,Betula forests and Populus forests.The measures of improving the forest structure,nurturing color-leafed forest,forming of ecosystem gallery should be taken to improve the landscape stability of color-leafed forest, which could be used for sustainable development plan of Bipeng Valley Scenic Spots.
Based on the investigation data of forest resources, landscape pattern and forest landscape stability were researched for color-leafed forest in Bipeng Valley Scenic Spot..The result showed that (1) the main landscape types were Sibiraea laevigata forests,Rhododendron simsii fores,Larix mastersiana forests,Salix cupularis forests and Lonicera japonica forests. (2)LPI, PLAND and COHESION had the most significant impact on color-leafed forest landscape stability. (3)Landscape stability of Si. laevigata forests,R. simsii forests,L. Mastersiana forests and L. Japonica forests were stronger than that of So. Pohuashanensis forests,Hippophae rhamnoides forests,Betula forests and Populus forests.The measures of improving the forest structure,nurturing color-leafed forest,forming of ecosystem gallery should be taken to improve the landscape stability of color-leafed forest, which could be used for sustainable development plan of Bipeng Valley Scenic Spots.
2019, 40(4): 12-16.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2019.04.003
Abstract:
Walnut was the main economic forest tree for farmers with a large planting area in Qin-ba Mountains to get rid of poverty and become rich. But in recent years, walnut trees were seriously harmed by squirrels. The investigation was promoted in Nanjiang County in May to September, 2018.The results showed that there were four kinds of rats harmful to walnuts, namely Sciurotamias davidianus, Dremomys pernyi, Petaurista alborufus and P. caniceps. Through behavioral monitoring and analysis, the activities of squirrels were mainly to feed and move in walnut forests. By chemical prevention and control method of distributing self-made bait boxes, the squirrel feeding rate was high, and the effect of prevention and control was effectual.
Walnut was the main economic forest tree for farmers with a large planting area in Qin-ba Mountains to get rid of poverty and become rich. But in recent years, walnut trees were seriously harmed by squirrels. The investigation was promoted in Nanjiang County in May to September, 2018.The results showed that there were four kinds of rats harmful to walnuts, namely Sciurotamias davidianus, Dremomys pernyi, Petaurista alborufus and P. caniceps. Through behavioral monitoring and analysis, the activities of squirrels were mainly to feed and move in walnut forests. By chemical prevention and control method of distributing self-made bait boxes, the squirrel feeding rate was high, and the effect of prevention and control was effectual.
2019, 40(4): 17-22,27.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2019.04.004
Abstract:
In this paper culture medium and fermentation process of function bacteria was optimized to improve the living bacterium content for compound microbial fertilizers, and in the purpose of contribution to the basis for the mass production of compound microbial fertilizer. The experiments with one factor and orthogonal design were conducted to optimize culture medium and fermentation process of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and potassium-solubilizing bacteria for compound microbial fertilizers. The results showed that (1) the optimal medium for nitrogen-fixing bacteria was 7.5 g maltose, 15 g peptone, 0.03 g NaH2PO4·H2O, 0.5 g K2HPO4, 0.2 g MnSO4·2H2O, 0.2 g FeCl3 and 0.5 g MgSO4·7H2O, and the optimal culture condition included initial medium pH of 6.4 with inoculum size of 100 mL, rotation speed of 180 r·min-1, and the optimal fermentation condition was 30℃.(2) the optimal medium for phosphate-solubilizing bacteria was 7.5 g maltose, 15 g peptone, 0.03 g NaH2PO4·H2O, 0.5 g K2HPO4, 0.2 g MnSO4·2H2O, 0.5 g FeCl3, 0.5 g MgSO4·7H2O,and the optimal culture condition included initial medium pH of 6.8 with inoculum size of 300 mL, rotation speed of 180 r·min-1, and the optimal fermentation condition was 30℃.(3) the optimal medium for potassium-solubilizing bacteria was 7.5 g mannitol, 15 g beef extract, 0.03 g NaH2PO4·H2O, 0.5 g K2HPO4, 0.2 g MnSO4·2H2O, 0.5 g FeCl3, 0.5 g MgSO4·7H2O,and the optimal culture condition included initial medium pH of 7.6 with inoculum size of 100 mL, rotation speed of 180 r·min-1, and the optimal fermentation condition was 34℃.
In this paper culture medium and fermentation process of function bacteria was optimized to improve the living bacterium content for compound microbial fertilizers, and in the purpose of contribution to the basis for the mass production of compound microbial fertilizer. The experiments with one factor and orthogonal design were conducted to optimize culture medium and fermentation process of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and potassium-solubilizing bacteria for compound microbial fertilizers. The results showed that (1) the optimal medium for nitrogen-fixing bacteria was 7.5 g maltose, 15 g peptone, 0.03 g NaH2PO4·H2O, 0.5 g K2HPO4, 0.2 g MnSO4·2H2O, 0.2 g FeCl3 and 0.5 g MgSO4·7H2O, and the optimal culture condition included initial medium pH of 6.4 with inoculum size of 100 mL, rotation speed of 180 r·min-1, and the optimal fermentation condition was 30℃.(2) the optimal medium for phosphate-solubilizing bacteria was 7.5 g maltose, 15 g peptone, 0.03 g NaH2PO4·H2O, 0.5 g K2HPO4, 0.2 g MnSO4·2H2O, 0.5 g FeCl3, 0.5 g MgSO4·7H2O,and the optimal culture condition included initial medium pH of 6.8 with inoculum size of 300 mL, rotation speed of 180 r·min-1, and the optimal fermentation condition was 30℃.(3) the optimal medium for potassium-solubilizing bacteria was 7.5 g mannitol, 15 g beef extract, 0.03 g NaH2PO4·H2O, 0.5 g K2HPO4, 0.2 g MnSO4·2H2O, 0.5 g FeCl3, 0.5 g MgSO4·7H2O,and the optimal culture condition included initial medium pH of 7.6 with inoculum size of 100 mL, rotation speed of 180 r·min-1, and the optimal fermentation condition was 34℃.
2019, 40(4): 23-27.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2019.04.005
Abstract:
Six runoff plots with different vegetation types were established to study the effects of rainfall on soil invasion under different vegetation conditions in the Lizikou small watershed. The results were as follows:(1) Under different vegetation conditions, rainfall impacts on soil erosion could be listed as the wasteland plots, the farming land, the forest land, in descending order. The soil erosion of forest land was weak, and the forest land strongly maintained local soil and water, which was most suitable as a plant measure for local soil and water conservation. (2) In general, it showed a significant positive correlation among rainfall, rainfall erosion and surface runoff, runoff depth and soil loss in the six runoff plots, indicating that rainfall had a strong local erosion effect, and needing people to focus on protection. The correlation was revealed between rainfall and soil erosion in the study area, the effects of rainfall were compared on soil erosion under different vegetation conditions, providing reference for related research on soil and water conservation.
Six runoff plots with different vegetation types were established to study the effects of rainfall on soil invasion under different vegetation conditions in the Lizikou small watershed. The results were as follows:(1) Under different vegetation conditions, rainfall impacts on soil erosion could be listed as the wasteland plots, the farming land, the forest land, in descending order. The soil erosion of forest land was weak, and the forest land strongly maintained local soil and water, which was most suitable as a plant measure for local soil and water conservation. (2) In general, it showed a significant positive correlation among rainfall, rainfall erosion and surface runoff, runoff depth and soil loss in the six runoff plots, indicating that rainfall had a strong local erosion effect, and needing people to focus on protection. The correlation was revealed between rainfall and soil erosion in the study area, the effects of rainfall were compared on soil erosion under different vegetation conditions, providing reference for related research on soil and water conservation.
2019, 40(4): 28-33.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2019.04.006
Abstract:
The noise-reducing capability of 16 species of greening plants was measured in order to find the plant configuration mode with good noise reduction effect in Chengdu,and three tree species and three shrub species were selected. Then, the seedlings of six plants were purchased and simulation tests were carried out to test the noise-reducing capability of various combinations. The result suggested that ① in the field experiment, Magnolia delavayi, Cinnamomum japonicum, Cinnamomum japonicum, Aucuba japonica, Hypericum monogynum and Loropetalum chinense showed strong noise-reducing capability. ② In simulation test, C. austrosinense + A. japonica, C. japonicum + L. chinense and Elaeocarpus decipiens + A. Japonica represented the best noise-reducing effect. A schematic diagram to the road greening was drawn to provide reference for the greening design and the improvement of human living environment in Chengdu.
The noise-reducing capability of 16 species of greening plants was measured in order to find the plant configuration mode with good noise reduction effect in Chengdu,and three tree species and three shrub species were selected. Then, the seedlings of six plants were purchased and simulation tests were carried out to test the noise-reducing capability of various combinations. The result suggested that ① in the field experiment, Magnolia delavayi, Cinnamomum japonicum, Cinnamomum japonicum, Aucuba japonica, Hypericum monogynum and Loropetalum chinense showed strong noise-reducing capability. ② In simulation test, C. austrosinense + A. japonica, C. japonicum + L. chinense and Elaeocarpus decipiens + A. Japonica represented the best noise-reducing effect. A schematic diagram to the road greening was drawn to provide reference for the greening design and the improvement of human living environment in Chengdu.
2019, 40(4): 34-38.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2019.04.007
Abstract:
The characteristics of ancient tree resources were investigated and evaluated to provide the decision basis of ancient tree protection in the plain area of the middle and upper reaches of the Anning river. A total of 826 ancient trees were investigated, belonging to 22 species, 21 genera and 5 families. The results showed that the main tree species were Pistacia chinensis, Platycladus orientalis, Ficus virens var. sublanceolata, Gleditsia sinensis, Quercus acutissima and Celtis sinensis(n>50). C. sinensis population was in best health, F. virens var. sublanceolata, G. sinensis and Quercus acutissima populations were secondary, Pi. chinensis and Pl. orientalis were the worst, these six tree species were the excellent native tree species as well. The two correlation coefficients of tree height, trunk girth and crown width were the highest in Pi. chinensis samples, which fitted the regression curve of tree characteristics, but the characteristic correlation of C. sinensis samples were not in significant correlation.
The characteristics of ancient tree resources were investigated and evaluated to provide the decision basis of ancient tree protection in the plain area of the middle and upper reaches of the Anning river. A total of 826 ancient trees were investigated, belonging to 22 species, 21 genera and 5 families. The results showed that the main tree species were Pistacia chinensis, Platycladus orientalis, Ficus virens var. sublanceolata, Gleditsia sinensis, Quercus acutissima and Celtis sinensis(n>50). C. sinensis population was in best health, F. virens var. sublanceolata, G. sinensis and Quercus acutissima populations were secondary, Pi. chinensis and Pl. orientalis were the worst, these six tree species were the excellent native tree species as well. The two correlation coefficients of tree height, trunk girth and crown width were the highest in Pi. chinensis samples, which fitted the regression curve of tree characteristics, but the characteristic correlation of C. sinensis samples were not in significant correlation.
2019, 40(4): 39-44.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2019.04.008
Abstract:
In order to study the respond of soil animal communit on the edge effect of Phoebe zhenna plantations of the western borders of the Sichuan Basin mountain, choosing the 58-year-old Phoebe zhenna plantation as objects, Macro-fauna samples were picked up by hand and using Tullgren-Baermann separation methods to investigate the soil animal communities in wooldland margins of Phoebe zhenna plantation woodland.The results showed that a total of 887 individuals of soil fauna, belonging to 3 phylums, 9 classes, 12 orders, 23 families. The survey results displayed that the number order of soil fauna in herb was the edge (5.37×104)>the center (2.69×104), The density order of total species was the edge (21)>the center (17). Soil animal community was obviously surface-accumulated.The density-group index (DG) was significantly higher on the edge than in the center. There were extremely significant differences about the diversity index (D) (P<0.01).The various diversity index (H'), the dominance index (C), evenness (J) were no significant differences (P>0.05). In conclusion, the edge effect led to the synergism of soil animal density, number of species and diversity were significantly higher than those in the center the forest land.
In order to study the respond of soil animal communit on the edge effect of Phoebe zhenna plantations of the western borders of the Sichuan Basin mountain, choosing the 58-year-old Phoebe zhenna plantation as objects, Macro-fauna samples were picked up by hand and using Tullgren-Baermann separation methods to investigate the soil animal communities in wooldland margins of Phoebe zhenna plantation woodland.The results showed that a total of 887 individuals of soil fauna, belonging to 3 phylums, 9 classes, 12 orders, 23 families. The survey results displayed that the number order of soil fauna in herb was the edge (5.37×104)>the center (2.69×104), The density order of total species was the edge (21)>the center (17). Soil animal community was obviously surface-accumulated.The density-group index (DG) was significantly higher on the edge than in the center. There were extremely significant differences about the diversity index (D) (P<0.01).The various diversity index (H'), the dominance index (C), evenness (J) were no significant differences (P>0.05). In conclusion, the edge effect led to the synergism of soil animal density, number of species and diversity were significantly higher than those in the center the forest land.
2019, 40(4): 45-50.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2019.04.009
Abstract:
Based on the observation of runoff plots, vegetation's contributions to the surface runoff were compared under different precipitations, the functional connectivity and the gray correlation method were explored for relevant soil and vegetation parameters. The results were as follows:(1) the flow and sediment reduction effect in different plots were understorey flow, closed management, pure forest, artificial arbor with mixed shrub and grass in ascending order; (2) vegetation characteristics above and below the ground had obvious impedance to slope hydrological process; (3) the relevant parameters influences were listed as soil moisture content, vegetation coverage, vegetation height, organic matter content in ascending order. It could be seen that the water and sediment processes were not consistent with changing precipitation in plots, and the vegetation played an important role in slope soil and water conservation in the plot scale.
Based on the observation of runoff plots, vegetation's contributions to the surface runoff were compared under different precipitations, the functional connectivity and the gray correlation method were explored for relevant soil and vegetation parameters. The results were as follows:(1) the flow and sediment reduction effect in different plots were understorey flow, closed management, pure forest, artificial arbor with mixed shrub and grass in ascending order; (2) vegetation characteristics above and below the ground had obvious impedance to slope hydrological process; (3) the relevant parameters influences were listed as soil moisture content, vegetation coverage, vegetation height, organic matter content in ascending order. It could be seen that the water and sediment processes were not consistent with changing precipitation in plots, and the vegetation played an important role in slope soil and water conservation in the plot scale.
2019, 40(4): 51-56.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2019.04.010
Abstract:
Biodiversity conservation is a global ecological problem. The previous concept was that human activities were the main reason for the sharp decline of biodiversity, so the protection of ecological environment was accelerated worldwide. However, at present, many forests, grasslands and natural resources were over-protected, not resulting in increased biodiversity with the strengthening of environmental protection. In order to study the effects of disturbance on species diversity, the experiments of artificial disturbance were designed under different illumination conditions. The effects of uninhabited and moderate disturbance on species diversity and plant biomass under different illumination conditions were studied by using Margalef richness index, Sinmpson index, Shannon-Winener index and Pielou evenness index, and the effects of uninhabited and moderate disturbance were also researched on species diversity and plant biomass under different illumination conditions, which provided basis for the strategy of biodiversity conservation. The results showed that the number and distribution characteristics of species were affected by different intensity of human disturbance and illumination. The species diversity of human disturbance quadrats was higher than that of non-human disturbance quadrats, and the number of species in moderate disturbance quadrats was more than that in mild disturbance quadrats. The number of species in illuminated plots was higher than that in shaded plots. Light intensity and human disturbance had an effect on the existing biomass of the ground, and the influence of light intensity was greater than that of human disturbance.
Biodiversity conservation is a global ecological problem. The previous concept was that human activities were the main reason for the sharp decline of biodiversity, so the protection of ecological environment was accelerated worldwide. However, at present, many forests, grasslands and natural resources were over-protected, not resulting in increased biodiversity with the strengthening of environmental protection. In order to study the effects of disturbance on species diversity, the experiments of artificial disturbance were designed under different illumination conditions. The effects of uninhabited and moderate disturbance on species diversity and plant biomass under different illumination conditions were studied by using Margalef richness index, Sinmpson index, Shannon-Winener index and Pielou evenness index, and the effects of uninhabited and moderate disturbance were also researched on species diversity and plant biomass under different illumination conditions, which provided basis for the strategy of biodiversity conservation. The results showed that the number and distribution characteristics of species were affected by different intensity of human disturbance and illumination. The species diversity of human disturbance quadrats was higher than that of non-human disturbance quadrats, and the number of species in moderate disturbance quadrats was more than that in mild disturbance quadrats. The number of species in illuminated plots was higher than that in shaded plots. Light intensity and human disturbance had an effect on the existing biomass of the ground, and the influence of light intensity was greater than that of human disturbance.
2019, 40(4): 57-60,79.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2019.04.011
Abstract:
The growth regularity and waterlogging resistance were analyzed for Juglans sigillata and black walnut (J. nigra).The results showed that (1) leaves of black walnut germinated later than of those J. sigillata,but new shoots would stopped growing and wilting early.(2) J. sigillata grew fast,especially in May and June, and black walnut grew up mainly in May,June and July;(3) Extremely high temperature and water shortage were the main influencing factors of black walnut's poor growth; (4)Black walnut was more resistant to waterlogging than J. sigillata.
The growth regularity and waterlogging resistance were analyzed for Juglans sigillata and black walnut (J. nigra).The results showed that (1) leaves of black walnut germinated later than of those J. sigillata,but new shoots would stopped growing and wilting early.(2) J. sigillata grew fast,especially in May and June, and black walnut grew up mainly in May,June and July;(3) Extremely high temperature and water shortage were the main influencing factors of black walnut's poor growth; (4)Black walnut was more resistant to waterlogging than J. sigillata.
2019, 40(4): 61-65.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2019.04.012
Abstract:
By analyzing the development status of walnut industry in Ningnan County, problems and shortcomings were pointed out in the breeding process of superior varieties, and measures and suggestions were put forward, such as speeding up superior varieties breeding, promotiing self-selected native varieties, improving the current available walnut garden into the scion garden, stepping up the management and technical training of superior variety grafting, in order to promote the development of superior varieties of walnut industry.
By analyzing the development status of walnut industry in Ningnan County, problems and shortcomings were pointed out in the breeding process of superior varieties, and measures and suggestions were put forward, such as speeding up superior varieties breeding, promotiing self-selected native varieties, improving the current available walnut garden into the scion garden, stepping up the management and technical training of superior variety grafting, in order to promote the development of superior varieties of walnut industry.
2019, 40(4): 66-69,130.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2019.04.013
Abstract:
To screen suitable garden tree species for Xichong County and cities with similar ecological environment, 52 tree species were evaluated on the basis of survival rate, growth status and cold resistance in Xichong nursery of Nanchong City Garden Management Office.The results showed that the tree species could be broadly divided into four categories:very suitable, suitable, basically suitable and unsuitable. 32 species were very suitable, 10 species were suitable, 7 species were basically suitable, and 3 species were not suitable. It was of important significance for enriching and supplementing the selection of suitable garden tree species in Nanchong City, and promoting the sustainable development of the greening business in other cities with similar ecological environment.
To screen suitable garden tree species for Xichong County and cities with similar ecological environment, 52 tree species were evaluated on the basis of survival rate, growth status and cold resistance in Xichong nursery of Nanchong City Garden Management Office.The results showed that the tree species could be broadly divided into four categories:very suitable, suitable, basically suitable and unsuitable. 32 species were very suitable, 10 species were suitable, 7 species were basically suitable, and 3 species were not suitable. It was of important significance for enriching and supplementing the selection of suitable garden tree species in Nanchong City, and promoting the sustainable development of the greening business in other cities with similar ecological environment.
2019, 40(4): 70-73.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2019.04.014
Abstract:
To study the suitability of different Paeonia suffruticosa varieties, after a preliminary screening of 8 famous varieties,studies were made of their growth and flowering characteristics. The results showed that introduced varieties had similar phenology performance to the source area,with good adaptability and normal tillering. Besides, introduced varieties maintained good ornamental values, with same phenotype, such as flower types and colors. Each variety scored more than 10 points in single introduction suitability,and relatively high points(≥ 70)in comprehensive evaluation. It was illustrateed that 8 varieties had a high introduction adaptability, which could be better candidates for further indroduction and domestication studies.
To study the suitability of different Paeonia suffruticosa varieties, after a preliminary screening of 8 famous varieties,studies were made of their growth and flowering characteristics. The results showed that introduced varieties had similar phenology performance to the source area,with good adaptability and normal tillering. Besides, introduced varieties maintained good ornamental values, with same phenotype, such as flower types and colors. Each variety scored more than 10 points in single introduction suitability,and relatively high points(≥ 70)in comprehensive evaluation. It was illustrateed that 8 varieties had a high introduction adaptability, which could be better candidates for further indroduction and domestication studies.
2019, 40(4): 74-79.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2019.04.015
Abstract:
In order to estimate the effects of the controlling policy of collecting bamboo shoots on the panda habitat recovery in Mabian Dafengding Nature Reserve, a field survey was carried out to compare the growth and vegetation community structure of Chimonobambusa szechuanensis in the controlling area of collecting bamboo shoots with those in the outer unmanaged protection area in September 2018. Chimonobambusa szechuanensis was the main food of giant pandas. The results showed that 1) the height and number of bamboo shoots, the basal diameter and quantity of bamboo in the controlling collecting bamboo shoots areas were significantly higher than those in the unmanaged area (p<0.05), the base diameter of bamboo shoots, the height of bamboo showed no significant difference. 2) the DBH and height of trees, the cover degree of shrub layer in the controlling collecting bamboo shoots areas were greater than those in the unmanaged areas (p<0.05). Thus it could be seen that the controlling collecting bamboo shoots policy had a positive effect on the recovery of the main food bamboo of giant pandas in the Mabian Dafengding nature reserve. Continuous bamboo shoots collecting not only affected the growth of bamboo, but also changed the vegetation structure characteristics of the giant panda habitat.For better to protect the giant pandas in Mabian Dafengding Nature Reserve, the conservation areas were effective to implement scientific management policy on controlling collecting bamboo shoots, which should be recommended in other conservation areas.
In order to estimate the effects of the controlling policy of collecting bamboo shoots on the panda habitat recovery in Mabian Dafengding Nature Reserve, a field survey was carried out to compare the growth and vegetation community structure of Chimonobambusa szechuanensis in the controlling area of collecting bamboo shoots with those in the outer unmanaged protection area in September 2018. Chimonobambusa szechuanensis was the main food of giant pandas. The results showed that 1) the height and number of bamboo shoots, the basal diameter and quantity of bamboo in the controlling collecting bamboo shoots areas were significantly higher than those in the unmanaged area (p<0.05), the base diameter of bamboo shoots, the height of bamboo showed no significant difference. 2) the DBH and height of trees, the cover degree of shrub layer in the controlling collecting bamboo shoots areas were greater than those in the unmanaged areas (p<0.05). Thus it could be seen that the controlling collecting bamboo shoots policy had a positive effect on the recovery of the main food bamboo of giant pandas in the Mabian Dafengding nature reserve. Continuous bamboo shoots collecting not only affected the growth of bamboo, but also changed the vegetation structure characteristics of the giant panda habitat.For better to protect the giant pandas in Mabian Dafengding Nature Reserve, the conservation areas were effective to implement scientific management policy on controlling collecting bamboo shoots, which should be recommended in other conservation areas.
2019, 40(4): 80-83,96.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2019.04.016
Abstract:
Mabiandafengding Nature Reserve, located at the southernmost of the giant panda's (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) distribution, was a valuable and unique research location for the dynamic of population. Due to the influence of various human disturbances, the numbers of giant panda were reduced from 36 to 18 in 1992-2012. In order to understand how bamboo shoots collection led to a reduction in the population of giant pandas, the situation of bamboo shoots selection was investigated together with the growth of Qiongzhuea macrophylla. The results showed that the local residents collected bamboo shoots for a long period. The situation of bamboo shoots collection was getting worse. Moreover, this was an important source of income for local residents. Based on the investigation compared with the data collected in 20 years ago, the basal diameter, height and density of Q. macrophylla declined significantly because of a long-term bamboo shoots collecting. It could be an important factor in habitat selection of the giant panda in Mabiandafengding Nature Reserve.
Mabiandafengding Nature Reserve, located at the southernmost of the giant panda's (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) distribution, was a valuable and unique research location for the dynamic of population. Due to the influence of various human disturbances, the numbers of giant panda were reduced from 36 to 18 in 1992-2012. In order to understand how bamboo shoots collection led to a reduction in the population of giant pandas, the situation of bamboo shoots selection was investigated together with the growth of Qiongzhuea macrophylla. The results showed that the local residents collected bamboo shoots for a long period. The situation of bamboo shoots collection was getting worse. Moreover, this was an important source of income for local residents. Based on the investigation compared with the data collected in 20 years ago, the basal diameter, height and density of Q. macrophylla declined significantly because of a long-term bamboo shoots collecting. It could be an important factor in habitat selection of the giant panda in Mabiandafengding Nature Reserve.
2019, 40(4): 84-89.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2019.04.017
Abstract:
Based on close investigation and related data, the floristic characteristics of wild herb plants were analyzed for Gexigou National Nature Reserve of Sichuan.The results showed that (1) the floristic composition was abundant with various types, containing 794 wild herb angiosperms that belonged to 305 genera and 56 families.(2) Geographic distribution types of genera were abundant (including 15 distribution types of genera), and the temperate components was dominant, following by the world and tropical components, which accounted for 64.91%, 16.72% and 11.80%, respectively. In view of geographic distribution of families, the temperate and the world components accounted for the largest proportions (14.29%), following by the pantropic (12.50%) and East-Asia and North America disjunct (10.71%) components. These results indicated a obvious temperate characteristics. (3) With the exception of many families and genera possessing single species, there were abundant endemic genera and characteristic plants in the Gexigou Reserve.
Based on close investigation and related data, the floristic characteristics of wild herb plants were analyzed for Gexigou National Nature Reserve of Sichuan.The results showed that (1) the floristic composition was abundant with various types, containing 794 wild herb angiosperms that belonged to 305 genera and 56 families.(2) Geographic distribution types of genera were abundant (including 15 distribution types of genera), and the temperate components was dominant, following by the world and tropical components, which accounted for 64.91%, 16.72% and 11.80%, respectively. In view of geographic distribution of families, the temperate and the world components accounted for the largest proportions (14.29%), following by the pantropic (12.50%) and East-Asia and North America disjunct (10.71%) components. These results indicated a obvious temperate characteristics. (3) With the exception of many families and genera possessing single species, there were abundant endemic genera and characteristic plants in the Gexigou Reserve.
2019, 40(4): 90-96.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2019.04.018
Abstract:
By Y type olfactometer and electroantennogram, studies were made of the learning effect of Scleroderma Sichunensis in early emergence period to the in duction of pepper volatiles and mixture of Clytus valiandus feces and sawdust. The behavioral responses to different concentrations of volatiles were compared between S. sichunensis with learning experience and those without learning experience, which could be a way to improve the prevention efficiency of S.sichuanensis.The results showed that the the highest behavioral response rate of S.sichuanensis was 66.67%, induced by 10 g·mL-1 of pepper branches volatiles in emergence period,which were significantly different from the other 9 treatments (P<0.05). The second highest rate was 64.44% for S.sichuanensis induced by 10 g·mL-1 insect feces and sawdust volatile flavor. And the rate was lowest when S.sichuanensis was induced by 0.01 g·mL-1L of pepper branches and insect feces sawdust volatile. The pepper volatiles and Clytus valiandus feces learning process for S.sichuanensis showed positive effect on prevention, and pepper shoots volatiles were the most prominent prevention effect.
By Y type olfactometer and electroantennogram, studies were made of the learning effect of Scleroderma Sichunensis in early emergence period to the in duction of pepper volatiles and mixture of Clytus valiandus feces and sawdust. The behavioral responses to different concentrations of volatiles were compared between S. sichunensis with learning experience and those without learning experience, which could be a way to improve the prevention efficiency of S.sichuanensis.The results showed that the the highest behavioral response rate of S.sichuanensis was 66.67%, induced by 10 g·mL-1 of pepper branches volatiles in emergence period,which were significantly different from the other 9 treatments (P<0.05). The second highest rate was 64.44% for S.sichuanensis induced by 10 g·mL-1 insect feces and sawdust volatile flavor. And the rate was lowest when S.sichuanensis was induced by 0.01 g·mL-1L of pepper branches and insect feces sawdust volatile. The pepper volatiles and Clytus valiandus feces learning process for S.sichuanensis showed positive effect on prevention, and pepper shoots volatiles were the most prominent prevention effect.
2019, 40(4): 97-99.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2019.04.019
Abstract:
The dynamic changes of Sichuan natural forest resources in the past 20 years were studied on the basis of the aspects of area, accumulation and stand quality through the data of continuous forest resources inventory of 1997, 2007, 2012 and 2017. The analysis showed that the natural forest resources of Sichuan province presented an overall upward trend in terms of both the quantity and quality. Since 1997, the natural forest area has increased by 1.529 million hectares and the volume has increased by 273 million cubic meters.The number and quality of natural forest resources are continuously to increase, and the forest coverage rate has significantly increased.
The dynamic changes of Sichuan natural forest resources in the past 20 years were studied on the basis of the aspects of area, accumulation and stand quality through the data of continuous forest resources inventory of 1997, 2007, 2012 and 2017. The analysis showed that the natural forest resources of Sichuan province presented an overall upward trend in terms of both the quantity and quality. Since 1997, the natural forest area has increased by 1.529 million hectares and the volume has increased by 273 million cubic meters.The number and quality of natural forest resources are continuously to increase, and the forest coverage rate has significantly increased.
2019, 40(4): 100-103.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2019.04.020
Abstract:
The rooting rate of olive cuttings of Frantoio and E'zhi varieties was studied by immersing them in rooting solution with concentration of 0 mg·L-1, 100 mg·L-1, 200 mg·L-1, 300 mg·L-1 and 400 mg·L-1, respectively. The results showed that the cuttings without rooting solution had little callus and hardly rooted.The rooting rate of Frantoio was 3%, 37%, 42%, 76%, 63% in rooting solution of 0 mg·L-1, 100 mg·L-1, 200 mg·L-1, 200 mg·L-1, 300 mg·L-1 and 400 mg·L-1, respectively. The rooting rate of E'zhi was 2%, 21.25%, 40.5%, 70.25% and 53.13% in rooting solution of 0 mg·L-1, 100 mg·L-1, 200 mg·L-1, 300 mg·L-1 and 400 mg·L-1,respectively. The optimum concentration of hormones was 300 mg·L-1 in rooting solution of Olive cuttings.
The rooting rate of olive cuttings of Frantoio and E'zhi varieties was studied by immersing them in rooting solution with concentration of 0 mg·L-1, 100 mg·L-1, 200 mg·L-1, 300 mg·L-1 and 400 mg·L-1, respectively. The results showed that the cuttings without rooting solution had little callus and hardly rooted.The rooting rate of Frantoio was 3%, 37%, 42%, 76%, 63% in rooting solution of 0 mg·L-1, 100 mg·L-1, 200 mg·L-1, 200 mg·L-1, 300 mg·L-1 and 400 mg·L-1, respectively. The rooting rate of E'zhi was 2%, 21.25%, 40.5%, 70.25% and 53.13% in rooting solution of 0 mg·L-1, 100 mg·L-1, 200 mg·L-1, 300 mg·L-1 and 400 mg·L-1,respectively. The optimum concentration of hormones was 300 mg·L-1 in rooting solution of Olive cuttings.
2019, 40(4): 104-107.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2019.04.021
Abstract:
To improve the quality of Semiliquidmbar cathayensis seedlings, the effects of soaking time and seeding density were studied on seed germination and seedling growth. A total of 5 kinds of immersion time were set in 0 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 60 h to observe the germination rate and germination potential of the field garden. A total of 4 different seeding density were set with 280 plants·m-2, 66 plants·m-2, 44 plants·m-2 and 33 plants·m-2 to Measure seedling height, ground diameter, main root length, primary lateral root number and biomass of annual seedlings. The results showed that the suitable soaking time of seeds was 48 h, combined with the best quality and quantity of seedlings, and the suitable seeding density was 44 plants·m-2.
To improve the quality of Semiliquidmbar cathayensis seedlings, the effects of soaking time and seeding density were studied on seed germination and seedling growth. A total of 5 kinds of immersion time were set in 0 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 60 h to observe the germination rate and germination potential of the field garden. A total of 4 different seeding density were set with 280 plants·m-2, 66 plants·m-2, 44 plants·m-2 and 33 plants·m-2 to Measure seedling height, ground diameter, main root length, primary lateral root number and biomass of annual seedlings. The results showed that the suitable soaking time of seeds was 48 h, combined with the best quality and quantity of seedlings, and the suitable seeding density was 44 plants·m-2.
2019, 40(4): 108-111.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2019.04.022
Abstract:
The forest is an important natural resource of the country, a good environment for the survival of wild animals and a material basis for people's life. Forest resources can not only maintain ecological balance, but also promote national economic development and social stability, so forest fire prevention and control is of great significance. Taking the "3.30" Muli fire as an example, the causes of this fire was obtained through analyzing the changes of precipitation, temperature and other changes over the years and the characteristics of the natural environment in this area, and corresponding countermeasures and suggestions were put forward in an exploratory way, which would have certain reference value for the forest fire prevention and fire rescue.
The forest is an important natural resource of the country, a good environment for the survival of wild animals and a material basis for people's life. Forest resources can not only maintain ecological balance, but also promote national economic development and social stability, so forest fire prevention and control is of great significance. Taking the "3.30" Muli fire as an example, the causes of this fire was obtained through analyzing the changes of precipitation, temperature and other changes over the years and the characteristics of the natural environment in this area, and corresponding countermeasures and suggestions were put forward in an exploratory way, which would have certain reference value for the forest fire prevention and fire rescue.
2019, 40(4): 112-116.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2019.04.023
Abstract:
The energy value ecological footprint method was an improvement and optimization of the ecological footprint theory. It was an improvement of the traditional ecological footprint model and overcame the shortcomings of some traditional models. With the development and continuous improvement of the energy value ecological footprint method, a large number of applied researches appeared at all levels and directions in China. The development history was reviewed about China's energy value ecological footprint, the application cases and model innovation were summarized for the domestic energy value ecological footprint in recent years, the shortcomings were also briefly summarized and analyzed, and the application development was prospected.
The energy value ecological footprint method was an improvement and optimization of the ecological footprint theory. It was an improvement of the traditional ecological footprint model and overcame the shortcomings of some traditional models. With the development and continuous improvement of the energy value ecological footprint method, a large number of applied researches appeared at all levels and directions in China. The development history was reviewed about China's energy value ecological footprint, the application cases and model innovation were summarized for the domestic energy value ecological footprint in recent years, the shortcomings were also briefly summarized and analyzed, and the application development was prospected.
2019, 40(4): 117-122.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2019.04.024
Abstract:
There were a large area of bamboos growing in China, where was the distribution center of bamboos in the world. At the same time, Phyllostachys was regarded as the most resourceful genus of bamboos in China, which accounted for two-thirds of the national bamboo forest area and had more than fifty species. This paper dealed with the genetic diversity research of Phyllostachys for the distribution and classification of germplasm resources of Phyllostachys from traditional morphological classification to modern vascular bundle anatomy, biochemical classification, cell classification and molecular marker method. And it focused on the economical, medicinal, ecological, landscape, cultural and aesthetic values. The problems were also comprehensively analyzed for the study of germplasm resources and application values, and prospects were put out for the classification research and application of Phyllostachys germplasm resources in the future.
There were a large area of bamboos growing in China, where was the distribution center of bamboos in the world. At the same time, Phyllostachys was regarded as the most resourceful genus of bamboos in China, which accounted for two-thirds of the national bamboo forest area and had more than fifty species. This paper dealed with the genetic diversity research of Phyllostachys for the distribution and classification of germplasm resources of Phyllostachys from traditional morphological classification to modern vascular bundle anatomy, biochemical classification, cell classification and molecular marker method. And it focused on the economical, medicinal, ecological, landscape, cultural and aesthetic values. The problems were also comprehensively analyzed for the study of germplasm resources and application values, and prospects were put out for the classification research and application of Phyllostachys germplasm resources in the future.
2019, 40(4): 123-125.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2019.04.025
Abstract:
Oroxylum indicum is not only a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, but also an ideal viewing plant, which is widely used. In this paper,by analyzing the ecological characteristics and economic value of O. indicum, its development prospects were evaluated in order to expect that it could obtain protection, research, development and popularization.
Oroxylum indicum is not only a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, but also an ideal viewing plant, which is widely used. In this paper,by analyzing the ecological characteristics and economic value of O. indicum, its development prospects were evaluated in order to expect that it could obtain protection, research, development and popularization.
2019, 40(4): 126-130.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2019.04.026
Abstract:
Bacillus subtilis is a widely used probiotics,which can maintain the balance of intestinal micro-ecology and improve the immune level of the body, which plays a unique role in the biological control of plant diseases and the promotion of plant growth and development. It is widely used in the fields of biological preservation,animal breeding,crop disease and insect control,animal nutrition and biological fertilizer production because of its easy artificial production and high environmental friendliness. In this paper,the function of Bacillus subtilis was analyzed,the application of Bacillus subtilis in biological preservation,animal breeding,crop disease and insect control were mainly described,and the prospect of new development and application of Bacillus subtilis was put forward.
Bacillus subtilis is a widely used probiotics,which can maintain the balance of intestinal micro-ecology and improve the immune level of the body, which plays a unique role in the biological control of plant diseases and the promotion of plant growth and development. It is widely used in the fields of biological preservation,animal breeding,crop disease and insect control,animal nutrition and biological fertilizer production because of its easy artificial production and high environmental friendliness. In this paper,the function of Bacillus subtilis was analyzed,the application of Bacillus subtilis in biological preservation,animal breeding,crop disease and insect control were mainly described,and the prospect of new development and application of Bacillus subtilis was put forward.
