2018 Vol. 39 Issue 5
2018 Vol. 39, No. 5
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2018, 39(5): 1-7.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2018.05.001
Abstract:
In this paper,analysis was made of the biomass allocation,carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus content in fine roots of Hippophae rhamnoides under nitrogen deposition in Western Sichuan Plateau.The results showed that:(1) nitrogen deposition had a significant promotion effect on the total biomass of fine roots,mainly displaying that of the coarser roots; (2) there was no significant change in the total nitrogen content of fine roots under nitrogen deposition,and the total phosphorus content decreased significantly,which made the total C/P and N/P significantly increase; (3) the results of chemical measurement showed that the nitrogen content was relatively lower,whereas the phosphorus content was relatively higher,thus the growth of fine roots might be limited by nitrogen.
In this paper,analysis was made of the biomass allocation,carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus content in fine roots of Hippophae rhamnoides under nitrogen deposition in Western Sichuan Plateau.The results showed that:(1) nitrogen deposition had a significant promotion effect on the total biomass of fine roots,mainly displaying that of the coarser roots; (2) there was no significant change in the total nitrogen content of fine roots under nitrogen deposition,and the total phosphorus content decreased significantly,which made the total C/P and N/P significantly increase; (3) the results of chemical measurement showed that the nitrogen content was relatively lower,whereas the phosphorus content was relatively higher,thus the growth of fine roots might be limited by nitrogen.
2018, 39(5): 8-12,92.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2018.05.002
Abstract:
Light intensity,temperature and humidity are the main influencing factors of photosynthetic rate,and they have a great influence on plant physiology.At present,there are a lot of studies on photosynthetic response of single environmental factor for plants.However,there are fewer researches on photosynthetic response of plants under the condition of multi-factor combination.In this study,three main environmental factors,namely,light intensity,temperature and humidity,were selected for multi-level uniform design in winter,aiming to obtain the law of photosynthetic rate changes of the leaves of Caldesia grandis Samuel.The photosynthetic rate of C.grandis was observed by means of Li-6400 Photosynthesis Analyzer to explore the influence of multiple factors (light intensity,temperature and humidity) upon the mature leaf.The comparative analysis indicated that multiple stepwise regression was the best among Linear Regression,multivariate quadratic regression,and multiple stepwise regression.The results indicated that light intensity was the primary factor that may affect photosynthetic rate of C.grandis.There was a significant positive correlation (ln curve) between the light intensity and the photosynthetic rate.The Adjusted R Square achieved 0.958.
Light intensity,temperature and humidity are the main influencing factors of photosynthetic rate,and they have a great influence on plant physiology.At present,there are a lot of studies on photosynthetic response of single environmental factor for plants.However,there are fewer researches on photosynthetic response of plants under the condition of multi-factor combination.In this study,three main environmental factors,namely,light intensity,temperature and humidity,were selected for multi-level uniform design in winter,aiming to obtain the law of photosynthetic rate changes of the leaves of Caldesia grandis Samuel.The photosynthetic rate of C.grandis was observed by means of Li-6400 Photosynthesis Analyzer to explore the influence of multiple factors (light intensity,temperature and humidity) upon the mature leaf.The comparative analysis indicated that multiple stepwise regression was the best among Linear Regression,multivariate quadratic regression,and multiple stepwise regression.The results indicated that light intensity was the primary factor that may affect photosynthetic rate of C.grandis.There was a significant positive correlation (ln curve) between the light intensity and the photosynthetic rate.The Adjusted R Square achieved 0.958.
2018, 39(5): 13-16.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2018.05.003
Abstract:
The fruit characteristics and productions of ten Camellia oleifera varieties were analyzed and comprehensively assessed to study the varieties cultivation in the middle and hilly region of the Sichuan basin.The results showed that the fruit length of the ten varieties was 3.21 cm~4.43 cm,the fruit width was 3.06 cm~4.36 cm,the fresh fruit weight was 17.71 g~42.75 g,the fresh fruit weight per fruit was 7.71 g~23.15 g,the number of seeds per fruit was 2.8~10,the percentage of seed was 37.96%~54.07%,and the yield per plant was 3.16 kg~6.54 kg.Principal components analysis was applied to analyze the fruit characteristics,and two principal components were selected,reflecting the cumulative variance proportion of 88.27%.The comprehensive assessment indicated that ‘Changlin 55’,‘Chuanrong 153’ and ‘Changlin 23’ were the most excellent cultivated varieties.
The fruit characteristics and productions of ten Camellia oleifera varieties were analyzed and comprehensively assessed to study the varieties cultivation in the middle and hilly region of the Sichuan basin.The results showed that the fruit length of the ten varieties was 3.21 cm~4.43 cm,the fruit width was 3.06 cm~4.36 cm,the fresh fruit weight was 17.71 g~42.75 g,the fresh fruit weight per fruit was 7.71 g~23.15 g,the number of seeds per fruit was 2.8~10,the percentage of seed was 37.96%~54.07%,and the yield per plant was 3.16 kg~6.54 kg.Principal components analysis was applied to analyze the fruit characteristics,and two principal components were selected,reflecting the cumulative variance proportion of 88.27%.The comprehensive assessment indicated that ‘Changlin 55’,‘Chuanrong 153’ and ‘Changlin 23’ were the most excellent cultivated varieties.
2018, 39(5): 17-21.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2018.05.004
Abstract:
Acer pentaphyllum is a kind of rare and endangered plants and it has important scientific value in studying angiosperm's phylogeny,paleogeography and paleoclimate.It this study,2XFaq Master Mix was adopted and the effect of Taq polymerase,dNTPs and Mg2+ were considered aiming to establish and optimize the best ISSR-PCR reaction system for Acer pentaphyllum.The results showed that the most remarkable factor was primers,followed by DNA template,and 2X Master Mix had the least effect on the reaction result.The optimum reaction system (25 μL) was 1 μL of DNA template (50 ng·μL-1),2 μL of primer and 13.5 μL of 2XTaq Master Mix.
Acer pentaphyllum is a kind of rare and endangered plants and it has important scientific value in studying angiosperm's phylogeny,paleogeography and paleoclimate.It this study,2XFaq Master Mix was adopted and the effect of Taq polymerase,dNTPs and Mg2+ were considered aiming to establish and optimize the best ISSR-PCR reaction system for Acer pentaphyllum.The results showed that the most remarkable factor was primers,followed by DNA template,and 2X Master Mix had the least effect on the reaction result.The optimum reaction system (25 μL) was 1 μL of DNA template (50 ng·μL-1),2 μL of primer and 13.5 μL of 2XTaq Master Mix.
2018, 39(5): 22-24.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2018.05.005
Abstract:
In this paper,the breeding method of seedlings was studied for the new variety of sympodial bamboos(Bambusa changningensis Yi et B.X.Li).The results showed that 2-year-old mother bamboos were slightly higher than 1-year-old ones for their shoot ratio and adult bamboo number.The average number of adult bamboos could reached 7.9.2-year-old mother bamboos were the best choice for bamboo breeding.In the case of acking mother bamboos,it was possible to choose 1-year-old mother bamboos, which could also achieve high bamboo shoot rate and adult bamboo number.The different treatments of culms and stumps had a significant influence on bamboo shoot rate and adult bamboo number.Culms with incisions and stump treatments were the best.
In this paper,the breeding method of seedlings was studied for the new variety of sympodial bamboos(Bambusa changningensis Yi et B.X.Li).The results showed that 2-year-old mother bamboos were slightly higher than 1-year-old ones for their shoot ratio and adult bamboo number.The average number of adult bamboos could reached 7.9.2-year-old mother bamboos were the best choice for bamboo breeding.In the case of acking mother bamboos,it was possible to choose 1-year-old mother bamboos, which could also achieve high bamboo shoot rate and adult bamboo number.The different treatments of culms and stumps had a significant influence on bamboo shoot rate and adult bamboo number.Culms with incisions and stump treatments were the best.
2018, 39(5): 25-28,73.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2018.05.006
Abstract:
The aim of the study was to analyze and compare the chemical constituents of essential oils extracted from the leaves of E.grandis×E.urophylla by two kinds of methods,and to provide basis for the further research and more application of Eucalyptus resources.GC/MS was used to analyze and compare the extraction rate and chemical constituents of essential oils extracted from the leaves of E.grandis×E.urophylla by steam distillation(SD) and supercritical CO2 extraction process(SFE-CO2).By the way of SD and SFE-CO2 extraction,the extraction rate of essential oil were 0.61% and 7.8% respectively 55 constituents were identified,which accounted for about 98.18% of the total essential oil by SD.While 29 constituents were identified,which accounted for about 99.59% of the total essential oil by SFE-CO2 extraction.The contents and effective constituents(such as α~Pinene and Cineole) of essential oils by SFE-CO2 extraction were higher than that by SD.The SFE-CO2 extraction was more favorable to the industrial production.
The aim of the study was to analyze and compare the chemical constituents of essential oils extracted from the leaves of E.grandis×E.urophylla by two kinds of methods,and to provide basis for the further research and more application of Eucalyptus resources.GC/MS was used to analyze and compare the extraction rate and chemical constituents of essential oils extracted from the leaves of E.grandis×E.urophylla by steam distillation(SD) and supercritical CO2 extraction process(SFE-CO2).By the way of SD and SFE-CO2 extraction,the extraction rate of essential oil were 0.61% and 7.8% respectively 55 constituents were identified,which accounted for about 98.18% of the total essential oil by SD.While 29 constituents were identified,which accounted for about 99.59% of the total essential oil by SFE-CO2 extraction.The contents and effective constituents(such as α~Pinene and Cineole) of essential oils by SFE-CO2 extraction were higher than that by SD.The SFE-CO2 extraction was more favorable to the industrial production.
2018, 39(5): 29-32.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2018.05.007
Abstract:
The experiment was conducted for providing theoretical basis on first bearing Zanthoxylum bungeanum in use of different nitrogen,phosphorus and potash fertilizer.The results showed that different rate of N,P,K could improve yield and quality significantly.The best model of fertilization included the application of 1 kg urea per plant after harvesting and the topdressing of 163 g,163 g of urea,750 g of P and 250 g K per plant in the beginning of blooming period.
The experiment was conducted for providing theoretical basis on first bearing Zanthoxylum bungeanum in use of different nitrogen,phosphorus and potash fertilizer.The results showed that different rate of N,P,K could improve yield and quality significantly.The best model of fertilization included the application of 1 kg urea per plant after harvesting and the topdressing of 163 g,163 g of urea,750 g of P and 250 g K per plant in the beginning of blooming period.
2018, 39(5): 33-35.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2018.05.008
Abstract:
In the arid valley of the upper reaches of the Minjiang river,combined nitrogenous and phosphorus fertilizers were applied on the one-year-old seedlings of Pinus radiate.An appropriate amount of fertilization was explored to provide the basis of fertilization management of yung P.radiate in the arid valley.Different combined fertilizations of nitrogenous and phosphorus were studied based on the randomized blocks design.The results showed that in comparing three treatment groups with control groups,the first and second treatments significantly increased the ground diameter and height of P.radiate.The third treatment merely significantly increased the ground diameter.Under the condition of this study,the recommended fertilization amount was 30 grams of urea and 150 grams of calcium superphosphate per plant for the one-year-old P.radiate.
In the arid valley of the upper reaches of the Minjiang river,combined nitrogenous and phosphorus fertilizers were applied on the one-year-old seedlings of Pinus radiate.An appropriate amount of fertilization was explored to provide the basis of fertilization management of yung P.radiate in the arid valley.Different combined fertilizations of nitrogenous and phosphorus were studied based on the randomized blocks design.The results showed that in comparing three treatment groups with control groups,the first and second treatments significantly increased the ground diameter and height of P.radiate.The third treatment merely significantly increased the ground diameter.Under the condition of this study,the recommended fertilization amount was 30 grams of urea and 150 grams of calcium superphosphate per plant for the one-year-old P.radiate.
2018, 39(5): 36-38.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2018.05.009
Abstract:
In this experiment,pesticides were injected into stems of 5 year-old poplar trees to control Cryptorrhynchus lapathi at different time and different drilling sites.The results showed that the prevention and control rate of three different injection parts were respectively 85%,87% and 85%,under the average daily temperature of 7.8℃~21.4℃.While the prevention and control rate reduced to 49%,51% and 52% respectively,as the average daily temperature varied from 12.6℃ to 25.8℃.The effect of prevention and control was not significant on different drilling sites.
In this experiment,pesticides were injected into stems of 5 year-old poplar trees to control Cryptorrhynchus lapathi at different time and different drilling sites.The results showed that the prevention and control rate of three different injection parts were respectively 85%,87% and 85%,under the average daily temperature of 7.8℃~21.4℃.While the prevention and control rate reduced to 49%,51% and 52% respectively,as the average daily temperature varied from 12.6℃ to 25.8℃.The effect of prevention and control was not significant on different drilling sites.
2018, 39(5): 39-42.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2018.05.010
Abstract:
The cultivation techniques of oil tea ‘Chuanchui 36’ were systematically studied in 9 aspects,including selection of location,selection of seedlings,soil preparation,afforestation,young forest tending,mature forest tending,disease and insect pest control,fruit harvesting and file management technology.The results showed that high yield cultivation techniques of Camellia oleifera were better than traditional tea cultivation and management techniques.The survival rate increased by nearly 20%,up to 99.5%.The growth of Camellia oleifera trees were better with the average diameter of 3.4 cm,the height of 1.4 m,and the crown of 1.3 m,which were increased by 78.9%,75% and 116.7%,respectively.
The cultivation techniques of oil tea ‘Chuanchui 36’ were systematically studied in 9 aspects,including selection of location,selection of seedlings,soil preparation,afforestation,young forest tending,mature forest tending,disease and insect pest control,fruit harvesting and file management technology.The results showed that high yield cultivation techniques of Camellia oleifera were better than traditional tea cultivation and management techniques.The survival rate increased by nearly 20%,up to 99.5%.The growth of Camellia oleifera trees were better with the average diameter of 3.4 cm,the height of 1.4 m,and the crown of 1.3 m,which were increased by 78.9%,75% and 116.7%,respectively.
2018, 39(5): 43-46.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2018.05.011
Abstract:
In this study,the activation technology was studied for Chinese prickly ash kernel,by phosphoric acid activation method.Through the single-factor and the L9(34) orthogonal tests,the optimal technological conditions were obtained as follows:concentration of phosphoric acid solution 75 % (V/V),solid-liquid ratio 1:1 g·mL-1,activating temperature 600 ℃ and activating time 25 min,Main technological factors were listed as follows in descending order:activating time,activating temperature,concentration of phosphoric acid solution,solid-liquid ratio.With the optimal technology above,the average caramel decolorization rate was 108%,the yield of the activated carbon was up to 44%.The research results could provide an effective way for the utilization of Chinese prickly ash seeds Meanwhile,it could provide technical guidance and ideas for active carbon production and raw material selection.
In this study,the activation technology was studied for Chinese prickly ash kernel,by phosphoric acid activation method.Through the single-factor and the L9(34) orthogonal tests,the optimal technological conditions were obtained as follows:concentration of phosphoric acid solution 75 % (V/V),solid-liquid ratio 1:1 g·mL-1,activating temperature 600 ℃ and activating time 25 min,Main technological factors were listed as follows in descending order:activating time,activating temperature,concentration of phosphoric acid solution,solid-liquid ratio.With the optimal technology above,the average caramel decolorization rate was 108%,the yield of the activated carbon was up to 44%.The research results could provide an effective way for the utilization of Chinese prickly ash seeds Meanwhile,it could provide technical guidance and ideas for active carbon production and raw material selection.
2018, 39(5): 47-51.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2018.05.012
Abstract:
The farmhouse forests of Western Sichuan were not only unique to the Chengdu Plain but also to the whole country by combining the production,living and landscape into a complex living model.It was also of important significance in inheriting the farming culture of Western Sichuan and maintaining the ecological environment of the Chengdu Plain.In this study,remote sensing image interpretation methods were used to study the landscape characteristics of farmhouse forests in six types,including farming type,new settlement type,ecological type,farm tourism type,and special industrial type.The developing law of farmhouse forests was analyzed through the research on the relationship between forests and landscape elements,such as residential houses,courtyards,forests,and gardens (vegetable gardens,orchards,etc).The results showed that ① the new type of settlement forests showed the highest density,reaching 4.43 per km2;Ecological forests covered the largest area,and the average area of individual forest was 26,830 m2.② The uniformity index was the largest in ecological type (36.733%),and the new settlement type was the smallest.The degree of fragmentation was the smallest in ecological type (0.373),and the largest in the special industry type(2.287).③ There was a positive correlation between the total area of the farmhouse forests and the area of landscape elements such as residential houses,county yards,forest lands,and gardens.
The farmhouse forests of Western Sichuan were not only unique to the Chengdu Plain but also to the whole country by combining the production,living and landscape into a complex living model.It was also of important significance in inheriting the farming culture of Western Sichuan and maintaining the ecological environment of the Chengdu Plain.In this study,remote sensing image interpretation methods were used to study the landscape characteristics of farmhouse forests in six types,including farming type,new settlement type,ecological type,farm tourism type,and special industrial type.The developing law of farmhouse forests was analyzed through the research on the relationship between forests and landscape elements,such as residential houses,courtyards,forests,and gardens (vegetable gardens,orchards,etc).The results showed that ① the new type of settlement forests showed the highest density,reaching 4.43 per km2;Ecological forests covered the largest area,and the average area of individual forest was 26,830 m2.② The uniformity index was the largest in ecological type (36.733%),and the new settlement type was the smallest.The degree of fragmentation was the smallest in ecological type (0.373),and the largest in the special industry type(2.287).③ There was a positive correlation between the total area of the farmhouse forests and the area of landscape elements such as residential houses,county yards,forest lands,and gardens.
2018, 39(5): 52-57.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2018.05.013
Abstract:
Based on the wind data of 1973—2015 collected from the Wudaoliang meteorological station, the temporal and spatial variations of wind regime characteristics were analyzed,including wind speed,wind direction,visibility and relative humidity in the Beilu River.The results showed that wind showed higher energy in Beilu River area,and the dominant wind directions were W and WNW,which concentrated in November to December (winter) and January to March (spring).After 2000,the wind speed tended to be stable,while sandstorms were more and more serious.It was mainly due to temperature rising which made the snow covered on the soil surface and frozen soil melted in winter and spring.Therefore the surface soil was out of protection so that sand material increased.In Beilu River,the main wind direction in observation time was W and WNW.It could be believed that sandstorms was of no significant difference on both north and south banks of Beilu River.So the number of sand barriers could be suggested to reduce in the South Bank,and that in the North Bank should be increased.In addition,some measures could be taken,aiming to transport sand to reduce sand sediment near the riverside sand barriers.
Based on the wind data of 1973—2015 collected from the Wudaoliang meteorological station, the temporal and spatial variations of wind regime characteristics were analyzed,including wind speed,wind direction,visibility and relative humidity in the Beilu River.The results showed that wind showed higher energy in Beilu River area,and the dominant wind directions were W and WNW,which concentrated in November to December (winter) and January to March (spring).After 2000,the wind speed tended to be stable,while sandstorms were more and more serious.It was mainly due to temperature rising which made the snow covered on the soil surface and frozen soil melted in winter and spring.Therefore the surface soil was out of protection so that sand material increased.In Beilu River,the main wind direction in observation time was W and WNW.It could be believed that sandstorms was of no significant difference on both north and south banks of Beilu River.So the number of sand barriers could be suggested to reduce in the South Bank,and that in the North Bank should be increased.In addition,some measures could be taken,aiming to transport sand to reduce sand sediment near the riverside sand barriers.
2018, 39(5): 58-63.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2018.05.014
Abstract:
‘LivCom Awards’ was honored as ‘Green Oscar’.This study was based on the 2008 Google Earth satellite images of WenJiang district in Chengdu City.A relevant analysis was conducted on the pattern of urban and suburban areas in WenJiang by Photoshop and Auto CAD.And the feature of ‘Nations in Bloom’ was explored by comparing statistics and regulations with other domestic award-winning cities.The results indicated that there were dominant forest plaques in urban and suburban areas in Wenjiang,and on the whole,the index of landscape fragmentation was 0.0054.Besides,the index of landscape diversity and index of landscape dominance was 1.3603 and 0.2937,meanwhile the index of landscape evenness was 0.8452.The landscape pattern of Wenjiang was similar to Suzhou and Hangzhou to some extent.The average number of afforestation index was below that of ‘national ecological garden city’,but above that of ‘national garden city’.
‘LivCom Awards’ was honored as ‘Green Oscar’.This study was based on the 2008 Google Earth satellite images of WenJiang district in Chengdu City.A relevant analysis was conducted on the pattern of urban and suburban areas in WenJiang by Photoshop and Auto CAD.And the feature of ‘Nations in Bloom’ was explored by comparing statistics and regulations with other domestic award-winning cities.The results indicated that there were dominant forest plaques in urban and suburban areas in Wenjiang,and on the whole,the index of landscape fragmentation was 0.0054.Besides,the index of landscape diversity and index of landscape dominance was 1.3603 and 0.2937,meanwhile the index of landscape evenness was 0.8452.The landscape pattern of Wenjiang was similar to Suzhou and Hangzhou to some extent.The average number of afforestation index was below that of ‘national ecological garden city’,but above that of ‘national garden city’.
2018, 39(5): 64-67.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2018.05.015
Abstract:
For 3 years in a row,a study was carried out by planting soy beans,cabbage,potatoes in young forest land of Zanthoxylum armatum ‘Pengxiqing’ in order to increase soil fertility,water utilization and the growth of young trees.The result showed that (1) the moisture content of 0~40 cm soil was increased by 2.48 g·kg-1 in dry seasons, where Soy beans were planted.The moisture content of 0~40 cm soil were increased by 2.07 g·kg-1 where potatoes were planted,and the moisture content of 0~40 cm soil was increased by 1.52 g·kg-1 where cabbages were planted.(2) The soil organic matter was increased by 21.39 mg·kg-1~22.78 mg·kg-1,the soil active nitrogen was increased by 100.02 mg·kg-1~110.77 mg·kg-1,the soil active phosphorus was increased by 11.29 mg·kg-1~11.46 mg·kg-1,and the soil effective potassium was increased by 61.4 mg·kg-1~63.6 mg·kg-1,as compared with the control group.(3) Planting soybeans,potatoes,and cabbages had a significant effect on the tree height and ground diameter of Z.armatum ‘Pengxiqing’.In particular,the young trees planted with soybeans grew the best,and the height and diameter growth were 1.31 times and 1.85 times of the control group respectively.
For 3 years in a row,a study was carried out by planting soy beans,cabbage,potatoes in young forest land of Zanthoxylum armatum ‘Pengxiqing’ in order to increase soil fertility,water utilization and the growth of young trees.The result showed that (1) the moisture content of 0~40 cm soil was increased by 2.48 g·kg-1 in dry seasons, where Soy beans were planted.The moisture content of 0~40 cm soil were increased by 2.07 g·kg-1 where potatoes were planted,and the moisture content of 0~40 cm soil was increased by 1.52 g·kg-1 where cabbages were planted.(2) The soil organic matter was increased by 21.39 mg·kg-1~22.78 mg·kg-1,the soil active nitrogen was increased by 100.02 mg·kg-1~110.77 mg·kg-1,the soil active phosphorus was increased by 11.29 mg·kg-1~11.46 mg·kg-1,and the soil effective potassium was increased by 61.4 mg·kg-1~63.6 mg·kg-1,as compared with the control group.(3) Planting soybeans,potatoes,and cabbages had a significant effect on the tree height and ground diameter of Z.armatum ‘Pengxiqing’.In particular,the young trees planted with soybeans grew the best,and the height and diameter growth were 1.31 times and 1.85 times of the control group respectively.
2018, 39(5): 68-73.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2018.05.016
Abstract:
The Cunninghamia lanceolata and Cryptomeria fortunei plantations were chosen as the research object in the Longmen Moutains.The physical and chemical properties of two plantations were analyzed and compared and principal component analysis (PCA) methods topsoil (0~10 cm) were used to evaluate the soil fertility.The results showed that the soil samples were acidic.The contents of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,available nitrogen and available potassium were all significantly different betwee the two types of plantations (p<0.05).The total nitrogen and available nitrogen were high in the two plantations,according to the Second National Soil Nutrient Classification Standard in China.Total nitrogen and available nitrogen in the Cr.fortunei plantations were respectively 2.3 and 2.4 times higher than those in the Cu.lanceolata plantations.The content of soil organic matter in the two forests showed moderate level,while soil organic matter in the Cr.fortunei plantations were 2.3 times higher than that in Cu.lanceolata plantations.Available potassium,total potassium and total phosphorus in the two forests were at low level.The soil quality index of Cu.lanceolata plantations and Cr.fortunei plantations was -0.434 and 0.866,respectively,which suggested that soil fertility of Cr.fortunei plantations was higher than that of Cu.lanceolataplantations.
The Cunninghamia lanceolata and Cryptomeria fortunei plantations were chosen as the research object in the Longmen Moutains.The physical and chemical properties of two plantations were analyzed and compared and principal component analysis (PCA) methods topsoil (0~10 cm) were used to evaluate the soil fertility.The results showed that the soil samples were acidic.The contents of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,available nitrogen and available potassium were all significantly different betwee the two types of plantations (p<0.05).The total nitrogen and available nitrogen were high in the two plantations,according to the Second National Soil Nutrient Classification Standard in China.Total nitrogen and available nitrogen in the Cr.fortunei plantations were respectively 2.3 and 2.4 times higher than those in the Cu.lanceolata plantations.The content of soil organic matter in the two forests showed moderate level,while soil organic matter in the Cr.fortunei plantations were 2.3 times higher than that in Cu.lanceolata plantations.Available potassium,total potassium and total phosphorus in the two forests were at low level.The soil quality index of Cu.lanceolata plantations and Cr.fortunei plantations was -0.434 and 0.866,respectively,which suggested that soil fertility of Cr.fortunei plantations was higher than that of Cu.lanceolataplantations.
2018, 39(5): 74-78.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2018.05.017
Abstract:
Ensemble modeling of Biomod2 package was used to predict the distribution of three bamboo species in the Gongga Mountains with the survey data of occurrence locations and bioclimate dataset of WorldClim.The results reflected a clear pattern in distribution and habitat preference.Fargesia ferax and Bashania fangiana grew in the east part of the Gongga Mountains while Bashania spanostachya in the west and southeast.Bashania spanostachya was sandwiched between the higher Bashania fangiana and lower Fargesia ferax in elevational distribution,but stretched more extensively than the latter two species.Bashania fangiana was distributed to the upper part of eastern valleys and forms a much narrow belt.This research would be helpful for the biodiversity conservation and regional planning of the reserve.
Ensemble modeling of Biomod2 package was used to predict the distribution of three bamboo species in the Gongga Mountains with the survey data of occurrence locations and bioclimate dataset of WorldClim.The results reflected a clear pattern in distribution and habitat preference.Fargesia ferax and Bashania fangiana grew in the east part of the Gongga Mountains while Bashania spanostachya in the west and southeast.Bashania spanostachya was sandwiched between the higher Bashania fangiana and lower Fargesia ferax in elevational distribution,but stretched more extensively than the latter two species.Bashania fangiana was distributed to the upper part of eastern valleys and forms a much narrow belt.This research would be helpful for the biodiversity conservation and regional planning of the reserve.
2018, 39(5): 79-81,104.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2018.05.018
Abstract:
The growth,biomass and biomass of different organs were investigated for Taiwania flousiana plantations at different slope positions.The results showed that average DBH,average height and stock volume of 21-year-old T.flousiana in lower slope (At an altitude of 415 m) increased by 45.47%,33.52% and 85.85% respectively,as compared with that in middle slope (At an altitude of 480 m).And as compared with that in upper slope (At an altitude of 550 m),the data also increased by 59.52%,44.27% and 115.99% in lower slope.The fresh biomass and dry biomass of average trees were listed as lower slope,middle slope and upper slope in descending order,and the distribution rate of each organ in the same aspect was stem,leaf and branch in descending order.Two plus trees were selected,one of which increased by 12.88%,10.20% and 36.76 respctively% in DBH,tree height and individual plant volume,and the other increased by 9.68%,6.76% and 27.35%,as compared with five dominant trees.
The growth,biomass and biomass of different organs were investigated for Taiwania flousiana plantations at different slope positions.The results showed that average DBH,average height and stock volume of 21-year-old T.flousiana in lower slope (At an altitude of 415 m) increased by 45.47%,33.52% and 85.85% respectively,as compared with that in middle slope (At an altitude of 480 m).And as compared with that in upper slope (At an altitude of 550 m),the data also increased by 59.52%,44.27% and 115.99% in lower slope.The fresh biomass and dry biomass of average trees were listed as lower slope,middle slope and upper slope in descending order,and the distribution rate of each organ in the same aspect was stem,leaf and branch in descending order.Two plus trees were selected,one of which increased by 12.88%,10.20% and 36.76 respctively% in DBH,tree height and individual plant volume,and the other increased by 9.68%,6.76% and 27.35%,as compared with five dominant trees.
2018, 39(5): 82-86.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2018.05.019
Abstract:
A water-controlling pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of slight,moderate and severe drought stress on pigment and photosynthetic characteristics in leaves of two-year-old seedlings of Loropetalum chinense var.rubrum.The results showed that the amount of Chla, Chlb, Chl and Cx+c all increased generally,while the Chla/Chlb ratio decreased with the aggravation of drought stress.The anthocyanin content decreased in CK,T2 and T3 under continuous drought,which turned leaves green.Drought stress reduced the Pn,Tr,Gs and enhanced the Ci and WUE in Loropetalum chinense significantly,and there were significant correlations among these photosynthetic indices.In summary,Loropetalum chinense tended to be a kind of xerophile plant,which could bear slight drought stress by increasing the chloroplast pigment contents and leaf water use efficiency.In practice,inappropriate water supply should be avoided,otherwise the ornamental value would be affected for the degradation of anthocyanin.
A water-controlling pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of slight,moderate and severe drought stress on pigment and photosynthetic characteristics in leaves of two-year-old seedlings of Loropetalum chinense var.rubrum.The results showed that the amount of Chla, Chlb, Chl and Cx+c all increased generally,while the Chla/Chlb ratio decreased with the aggravation of drought stress.The anthocyanin content decreased in CK,T2 and T3 under continuous drought,which turned leaves green.Drought stress reduced the Pn,Tr,Gs and enhanced the Ci and WUE in Loropetalum chinense significantly,and there were significant correlations among these photosynthetic indices.In summary,Loropetalum chinense tended to be a kind of xerophile plant,which could bear slight drought stress by increasing the chloroplast pigment contents and leaf water use efficiency.In practice,inappropriate water supply should be avoided,otherwise the ornamental value would be affected for the degradation of anthocyanin.
2018, 39(5): 87-92.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2018.05.020
Abstract:
In order to study the response mechanism in the early stage of seedling growth under Cd stress,the changes of physiological and biochemical indexes were analyzed,which included external morphology,activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD),Peroxidase(POD) catalase (CAT),contents of glutathione (GSH),malondialdehyde (MDA) and chlorophyll (CHL) in 4 kinds of native woody plants(Acer pentaphyllum, Toona ciliata, Alnus cremastogyne, Pinus yunnanensis).The results were showed as below.In terms of external morphology,the underground length of Acer pentaphyllum and Alnus cremastogyne decreased significantly,and the upper part of T.ciliata dropped significantly,and there was no significant change for the ground and underground parts of P.yunnanensis.In SOD activity,Acer pentaphyllum, T.ciliata, Alnus cremastogyne and P.yunnanensis increased significantly with the increase of Cd concentration.As for CAT activity,Acer pentaphyllum, T.ciliata and P.yunnanensis increased significantly with the increase of Cd concentration,while Alnus cremastogyne was significantly higher than that of control group only when Cd concentration was 100 mg·kg-1.In POD activity,Acer pentaphyllum, T.ciliata, Alnus cremastogyne and P.yunnanensis increased significantly with the increase of Cd concentration.On the GSH side,with the increase of Cd concentration,the contents of Acer pentaphyllum and P.yunnanensis decreased significantly,and T.ciliata and Alnus cremastogyne were not significantly reduced.In terms of MDA and CHL content,these 4 kinds of forest trees showed a significant decrease in high concentration Cd stress,but varied in low concentration.In general,under the stress of cadmium,the seedlings of these 4 kinds of trees changed significantly in terms of physiology and ecology,and showed good tolerance in low concentration.
In order to study the response mechanism in the early stage of seedling growth under Cd stress,the changes of physiological and biochemical indexes were analyzed,which included external morphology,activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD),Peroxidase(POD) catalase (CAT),contents of glutathione (GSH),malondialdehyde (MDA) and chlorophyll (CHL) in 4 kinds of native woody plants(Acer pentaphyllum, Toona ciliata, Alnus cremastogyne, Pinus yunnanensis).The results were showed as below.In terms of external morphology,the underground length of Acer pentaphyllum and Alnus cremastogyne decreased significantly,and the upper part of T.ciliata dropped significantly,and there was no significant change for the ground and underground parts of P.yunnanensis.In SOD activity,Acer pentaphyllum, T.ciliata, Alnus cremastogyne and P.yunnanensis increased significantly with the increase of Cd concentration.As for CAT activity,Acer pentaphyllum, T.ciliata and P.yunnanensis increased significantly with the increase of Cd concentration,while Alnus cremastogyne was significantly higher than that of control group only when Cd concentration was 100 mg·kg-1.In POD activity,Acer pentaphyllum, T.ciliata, Alnus cremastogyne and P.yunnanensis increased significantly with the increase of Cd concentration.On the GSH side,with the increase of Cd concentration,the contents of Acer pentaphyllum and P.yunnanensis decreased significantly,and T.ciliata and Alnus cremastogyne were not significantly reduced.In terms of MDA and CHL content,these 4 kinds of forest trees showed a significant decrease in high concentration Cd stress,but varied in low concentration.In general,under the stress of cadmium,the seedlings of these 4 kinds of trees changed significantly in terms of physiology and ecology,and showed good tolerance in low concentration.
2018, 39(5): 93-95,104.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2018.05.021
Abstract:
The pests on Eucommia ulmoides were investigated in Sichuan province from 2016 to 2017.The results showed that there were 14 species of pests including 3 diseases,2 plants,9 harmful insects.Among 14 species,Orthosia songi made severe damage,and Mycospaerella sp.made middle degree damage,other pests made slight damage.Their damage symptoms were briefly described.Pueraria lobata and Bryophyte were first reported attacking E.ulmoides.
The pests on Eucommia ulmoides were investigated in Sichuan province from 2016 to 2017.The results showed that there were 14 species of pests including 3 diseases,2 plants,9 harmful insects.Among 14 species,Orthosia songi made severe damage,and Mycospaerella sp.made middle degree damage,other pests made slight damage.Their damage symptoms were briefly described.Pueraria lobata and Bryophyte were first reported attacking E.ulmoides.
2018, 39(5): 96-99.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2018.05.022
Abstract:
Insect specimens were important outcome of forestry pest investigation,and they must be produced and preserved by use of proper methods.Some methods were summarized for making and preserving insect specimens,and research prospects were also proposed for reference.
Insect specimens were important outcome of forestry pest investigation,and they must be produced and preserved by use of proper methods.Some methods were summarized for making and preserving insect specimens,and research prospects were also proposed for reference.
2018, 39(5): 100-104.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2018.05.023
Abstract:
This study aimed to explore buqueti(Cyrtotrachelus buquet) adult feeding preferences.The whole feeding process of C.buqueti was recorded and compared in feeding behavior on different hosts,by the combination of laboratory rearing with field observation.The result showed that a complete feeding of C.buqueti involved four phases:searching,probing,eating and cleaning.There were multiple feeding behavior for both female and male adults.Laboratory observation showed that the time of eating and cleaning was significantly longer than that of searching and probing,the males spent more time on searching and probing than the females,but the females' eating and cleaning time was longer than the males.The feeding time of C.buqueti in different hosts was different.C.buqueti adults most liked eating bamboo shoots of Sinocalamus afris,hardly ate Arundo donax,and the other three bamboo shoots.On S.afris,their choice times,feeding times,feeding holes and feeding area were significantly more than on the other three kinds of bamboo shoots,and their searching time was less,their feeding and cleaning time was longer than on the other three bamboo shoots.The feeding behavior of C.buqueti observed in the field was basically consistent with the results observed in the laboratory.The results could help us understand the feeding behavior of C.buqueti adults,and further provide scientific basis for the research of behavior control technology of this insect.
This study aimed to explore buqueti(Cyrtotrachelus buquet) adult feeding preferences.The whole feeding process of C.buqueti was recorded and compared in feeding behavior on different hosts,by the combination of laboratory rearing with field observation.The result showed that a complete feeding of C.buqueti involved four phases:searching,probing,eating and cleaning.There were multiple feeding behavior for both female and male adults.Laboratory observation showed that the time of eating and cleaning was significantly longer than that of searching and probing,the males spent more time on searching and probing than the females,but the females' eating and cleaning time was longer than the males.The feeding time of C.buqueti in different hosts was different.C.buqueti adults most liked eating bamboo shoots of Sinocalamus afris,hardly ate Arundo donax,and the other three bamboo shoots.On S.afris,their choice times,feeding times,feeding holes and feeding area were significantly more than on the other three kinds of bamboo shoots,and their searching time was less,their feeding and cleaning time was longer than on the other three bamboo shoots.The feeding behavior of C.buqueti observed in the field was basically consistent with the results observed in the laboratory.The results could help us understand the feeding behavior of C.buqueti adults,and further provide scientific basis for the research of behavior control technology of this insect.
2018, 39(5): 105-109.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2018.05.024
Abstract:
In order to study different development models of under-forest economy,a comprehensive benefit evaluation system of under-forest economy was established by analytic hierarchy process on the basis of questionnaire survey,field visit and data provided by departments.And four under-forest economic development models were analyzed and sorted in Chishui.The results suggested that forest tourism model had the best comprehensive benefit (benefit value 0.9126),followed by under-forest planting model (benefit value 0.3461),under-forest breeding model (benefit value 0.1218).And the worst one was collection and processing model of forest products (benefit value 0.0299).Therefore,according to the principle of emphasis focusing and overall planning,the local government and relevant departments should steadily promote forest tourism,change their mentalities to develop under-forest planting,manage under-forest breeding in moderate size,and innovatively develop collection and processing of forest products by following the current under-forest economic development and the advantages of ecological resources.
In order to study different development models of under-forest economy,a comprehensive benefit evaluation system of under-forest economy was established by analytic hierarchy process on the basis of questionnaire survey,field visit and data provided by departments.And four under-forest economic development models were analyzed and sorted in Chishui.The results suggested that forest tourism model had the best comprehensive benefit (benefit value 0.9126),followed by under-forest planting model (benefit value 0.3461),under-forest breeding model (benefit value 0.1218).And the worst one was collection and processing model of forest products (benefit value 0.0299).Therefore,according to the principle of emphasis focusing and overall planning,the local government and relevant departments should steadily promote forest tourism,change their mentalities to develop under-forest planting,manage under-forest breeding in moderate size,and innovatively develop collection and processing of forest products by following the current under-forest economic development and the advantages of ecological resources.
2018, 39(5): 110-113.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2018.05.025
Abstract:
In this paper,the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to evaluate the ornamental characteristics for the Hypericum patulum Thunb.ex Murray.The results showed that the comprehensive evaluation value was 2.75,and it was type I in the application value grade,which belonged to the category of extremely high application value.According to the actual results of comprehensive evaluation,the application of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) evaluation system could accurately and objectively reflect the H.patulum landscape application value,which provided a scientific theoretical basis for the selection of tree species in urban gardens.
In this paper,the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to evaluate the ornamental characteristics for the Hypericum patulum Thunb.ex Murray.The results showed that the comprehensive evaluation value was 2.75,and it was type I in the application value grade,which belonged to the category of extremely high application value.According to the actual results of comprehensive evaluation,the application of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) evaluation system could accurately and objectively reflect the H.patulum landscape application value,which provided a scientific theoretical basis for the selection of tree species in urban gardens.
2018, 39(5): 114-118.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2018.05.026
Abstract:
Landscape architecture is an important part not only for Anhui Province but also for the country's development.In this paper,the future output value of landscape architecture industry was forecasted through sorting out the present situation of Anhui landscape architecture industry on basis of GM (1,1) model.It was concluded that landscape architecture industry was a viable industry with a large value-added prospect.Combined with the results of SWOT analysis,it was found that Anhui landscape architecture industry faced problems such as small market share,poor scientific and technological innovation ability,weak competitiveness and high natural risk.Suggestions were also put forward based on analysis above.
Landscape architecture is an important part not only for Anhui Province but also for the country's development.In this paper,the future output value of landscape architecture industry was forecasted through sorting out the present situation of Anhui landscape architecture industry on basis of GM (1,1) model.It was concluded that landscape architecture industry was a viable industry with a large value-added prospect.Combined with the results of SWOT analysis,it was found that Anhui landscape architecture industry faced problems such as small market share,poor scientific and technological innovation ability,weak competitiveness and high natural risk.Suggestions were also put forward based on analysis above.
