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槐角是豆科乔木植物槐(Styphnolobium japonicum)的荚果,成熟后经过炮制可入药,具有清热凉血之功效,常用于肠热便血,眩晕目赤等症状,因此被收录于2020年版本的《中国药典》[1]。化学成分研究表明槐角中含有丰富的异黄酮类物质,如染料木苷和槐角苷等[2],异黄酮被人们认为是植物雌激素,具有预防骨质疏松和心脑血管病变,抗癌等功效[3]。在已有的研究报道中,异黄酮类物质提取的方法有回流提取法、亚临界水提取法、加压溶剂提取等方法[4,5],但都存在提取效率低、反应时间长、操作成本高等缺点。因此,寻找高效的具有工业化前景的提取槐角中的染料木苷与槐角苷的工艺研究势在必行。
匀浆是通过高速运转的刀片和流体切割的作用,在匀浆装置中将物料与提取溶剂混合,将物料粉碎。匀浆还有助于将样品与萃取溶剂彻底混合,因此萃取溶剂可以更好地渗透到样品中,让物料的破碎与提取同步进行,强化提取效率。该方法以往经常用于在动物组织中提取蛋白质[6]、氨基酸[7]等成分,由于它操作简单,还省去了粉碎的步骤,同时还能避免粉尘的出现,因此对于植物材料的提取也有很大的适用价值[8]。作为一种常用的提取方法,超声辅助提取的优点是提取效率高,而且易于工业放大。超声波产生的振动效应和空化效应,使异黄酮等胞内物质释放、溶解和扩散速度加快,从而使提取效率明显提高[9-12]。尝试采用匀浆-超声协同提取法从槐角中同时提取染料木苷与槐角苷,为槐角进一步的开发利用提供一定的技术基础。
Homogenate-Ultrasonic Synergistic Extraction of Genistin and Sophoricoside from Styphnolobium japonicum Pods
doi: 10.12172/202303020001
- Received Date: 2023-03-02
- Available Online: 2023-10-11
- Publish Date: 2023-12-28
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Key words:
- Styphnolobium japonicum pods /
- Homogenate ultrasonic-synergistic extraction /
- Genistin /
- Sophoricoside
Abstract: Using the Styphnolobium japonicum pods as raw materials and ethanol as extraction solvent, genistin and sophoricoside were extracted by homogenate-ultrasonic synergistic extraction method. Effects of ethanol volume fraction, liquid-solid ratio, homogenate time, homogenate speed, ultrasonic time, ultrasonic power, cavitation time and buffer time on the yield of genistin and sophoricoside were investigated by the quantitative method of high performance liquid chromatography. The best extraction conditions were as follows: ethanol volume fraction of 50%, liquid-solid ratio of 20 mL·g−1, homogenate time of 3 min, homogenate speed of 22000 r·min−1, ultrasonic time of 35 min , ultrasonic power of 350 W, cavitation time of 2.5 s and buffer time of 1.5 s. Compared with the traditional extraction method, the homogenate ultrasonic-synergistic extraction method had the advantages of high efficiency, environmental protection and energy saving.