2020 Vol. 41 Issue 4
2020 Vol. 41, No. 4 Catalogue
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2020, 41(4): 1-7.
doi: 10.12172/202002120001
Abstract:
In this paper, the Cunninghamia unicanaliculata clones in China were used as research material. The DBH, tree height and crown width of 870 38-year-old clones from 30 clones were statistically analyzed, and the growth difference between different clones was analyzed from the allometric growth index. The mean values of DBH, tree height, and crown width of the 30 clones were 28.24 cm, 19.18 m, and 5.18 m, respectively, and the mean coefficient of variation was 0.29, 0.19, and 0.24, respectively. The analysis of the relationship between DBH-tree height and DBH-crown width allometric growth showed that the growth rate of DBH was significantly higher than that of tree height and crown width, indicating that the allometric growth trajectories of the DBH, tree height and crown width among the clones have changed significantly. The SMA slope between DBH-crown width and DBH-tree height was not the same among different clones, except DBH-tree height of clones 16 and 28, the differences was significant (P<0.05), and there was no consistent growth distribution rate among 30 clones. The difference in allometric growth relationships among clones lead to different growth distribution patterns, which further reflected the ecological plasticity of environment to the growth of various components and the existence of rich genetic variations in clone growth traits, threrfore providing the possibility for the early selection of superior clones of Cunninghamia unicanaliculata.
In this paper, the Cunninghamia unicanaliculata clones in China were used as research material. The DBH, tree height and crown width of 870 38-year-old clones from 30 clones were statistically analyzed, and the growth difference between different clones was analyzed from the allometric growth index. The mean values of DBH, tree height, and crown width of the 30 clones were 28.24 cm, 19.18 m, and 5.18 m, respectively, and the mean coefficient of variation was 0.29, 0.19, and 0.24, respectively. The analysis of the relationship between DBH-tree height and DBH-crown width allometric growth showed that the growth rate of DBH was significantly higher than that of tree height and crown width, indicating that the allometric growth trajectories of the DBH, tree height and crown width among the clones have changed significantly. The SMA slope between DBH-crown width and DBH-tree height was not the same among different clones, except DBH-tree height of clones 16 and 28, the differences was significant (P<0.05), and there was no consistent growth distribution rate among 30 clones. The difference in allometric growth relationships among clones lead to different growth distribution patterns, which further reflected the ecological plasticity of environment to the growth of various components and the existence of rich genetic variations in clone growth traits, threrfore providing the possibility for the early selection of superior clones of Cunninghamia unicanaliculata.
2020, 41(4): 8-12.
doi: 10.12172/202004010002
Abstract:
Walnut scale insects are seriously harmful in some areas of northern Sichuan, mainly harming the trunk and branches of walnut trees, as well as petioles and veins when the situation is serious. Through morphological and molecular identification, the insect was identified as the Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni-Tozzetti) and it occurred twice a year in this area. The juvenile nymphs period was from early April to mid-May and from mid-September to mid-October, which was the best time to control this insect in the area.
Walnut scale insects are seriously harmful in some areas of northern Sichuan, mainly harming the trunk and branches of walnut trees, as well as petioles and veins when the situation is serious. Through morphological and molecular identification, the insect was identified as the Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni-Tozzetti) and it occurred twice a year in this area. The juvenile nymphs period was from early April to mid-May and from mid-September to mid-October, which was the best time to control this insect in the area.
2020, 41(4): 13-20.
doi: 10.12172/202004070001
Abstract:
The interspecific ecological relationship between Cunninghamia lanceolata(Cl) and accompanied broad-leaved trees in Cl plantation was studied to explore the suitable broad-leaved trees accompanied with Cl, and to provide basis for the reconstruction and management of mixed forest of Cl and broad-leaved species from the perspective of ecological niche. A community survey of Chinese fir plantations in Qionglai, Hongya and Xuyong was carried out by the combination method of sample line and sample quadrat. The Levins and Shaanon niche breadth index, niche overlap index, Schoener niche similarity index were used to study and analyze the niche characteristics of the Cl and accompanied broad-leaved trees respectively, with different typical sampled plots as the resource sites. The results showed that: 18 species were selected from the 45 accompanied tree species according to the criterion that the important value of tree species was greater than 1. And the Levins and Shaanon niche breadth index reflected the same result. Nine tree species such as Litsea pungens, Mallotus japonicus, Ficus heteromorpha, Rhus chinensis, Sassafras tzumu, Cornus controversa, Betula luminifera, Camellia japonica and Eurya nitida Korthals were the most important accompanied broad-leaved species of Cl, and their important value was B(sw)>0.6 and B(L)>0.3). Their niche breadth and important values were both large and had strong ecological adaptability. The niche overlap between the main accompanied broad-leaved species of Cl was not high, and the niche overlap between Cl and the main accompanied broad-leaved trees was high (Lih>0.05). The Schoener niche similarity index between Cl and Litsea pungens, Mallotus japonicus, Ficus heteromorpha, Rhus chinensis, Sassafras tzumu was high (Cih>0.4), which indicated that Cl and these species had certain similarity in habitat requirements and shared the resources. Among the main accompanied broad-leaved tree species, deciduous tree species had larger niche breadth, niche overlap index and Schoener niche similarity than evergreen tree species, which indicated that deciduous broad-leaved tree should be more selected as the accompanied tree species for the cultivation of mixed Cl and broad-leaved forest.
The interspecific ecological relationship between Cunninghamia lanceolata(Cl) and accompanied broad-leaved trees in Cl plantation was studied to explore the suitable broad-leaved trees accompanied with Cl, and to provide basis for the reconstruction and management of mixed forest of Cl and broad-leaved species from the perspective of ecological niche. A community survey of Chinese fir plantations in Qionglai, Hongya and Xuyong was carried out by the combination method of sample line and sample quadrat. The Levins and Shaanon niche breadth index, niche overlap index, Schoener niche similarity index were used to study and analyze the niche characteristics of the Cl and accompanied broad-leaved trees respectively, with different typical sampled plots as the resource sites. The results showed that: 18 species were selected from the 45 accompanied tree species according to the criterion that the important value of tree species was greater than 1. And the Levins and Shaanon niche breadth index reflected the same result. Nine tree species such as Litsea pungens, Mallotus japonicus, Ficus heteromorpha, Rhus chinensis, Sassafras tzumu, Cornus controversa, Betula luminifera, Camellia japonica and Eurya nitida Korthals were the most important accompanied broad-leaved species of Cl, and their important value was B(sw)>0.6 and B(L)>0.3). Their niche breadth and important values were both large and had strong ecological adaptability. The niche overlap between the main accompanied broad-leaved species of Cl was not high, and the niche overlap between Cl and the main accompanied broad-leaved trees was high (Lih>0.05). The Schoener niche similarity index between Cl and Litsea pungens, Mallotus japonicus, Ficus heteromorpha, Rhus chinensis, Sassafras tzumu was high (Cih>0.4), which indicated that Cl and these species had certain similarity in habitat requirements and shared the resources. Among the main accompanied broad-leaved tree species, deciduous tree species had larger niche breadth, niche overlap index and Schoener niche similarity than evergreen tree species, which indicated that deciduous broad-leaved tree should be more selected as the accompanied tree species for the cultivation of mixed Cl and broad-leaved forest.
2020, 41(4): 21-27.
doi: 10.12172/202002090001
Abstract:
Taking 48 plots of Pinus densata natural forest as research objects, the Shannon-Wiener Index and Simpson's diversity Index were used to quantify the overall and diameter size diversity of Pinus densata stands. Correlation analysis, general regression analysis and CCA ranking analysis were used to analyze the variation of diameter size diversity index of Pinus densata forest with stand factors, topographical factors, and understory vegetation factors. The results showed that: (1) when the dominant tree species had a larger composition, the diameter size diversity was consistent in the overall stand population and dominant tree species. (2) within the sample plot in the study area, the overall diameter size diversity was generally higher than that of Pinus densata. Other tree species had a certain influence on the diameter size diversity of Pinus densata. (3) the influence of environmental factors on the stand diameter size diversity was as follows: stand factor > topographical factor > understory vegetation factor. The average diameter at breast height of stand had the highest influence on the diameter size diversity of Pinus densata.. The maximum correlation coefficient could reach 0.756, and the fitting precision was the best, R2 could reach 0.6989. When CCA sort axis analysis was usd, the performance in the first axis was the best.
Taking 48 plots of Pinus densata natural forest as research objects, the Shannon-Wiener Index and Simpson's diversity Index were used to quantify the overall and diameter size diversity of Pinus densata stands. Correlation analysis, general regression analysis and CCA ranking analysis were used to analyze the variation of diameter size diversity index of Pinus densata forest with stand factors, topographical factors, and understory vegetation factors. The results showed that: (1) when the dominant tree species had a larger composition, the diameter size diversity was consistent in the overall stand population and dominant tree species. (2) within the sample plot in the study area, the overall diameter size diversity was generally higher than that of Pinus densata. Other tree species had a certain influence on the diameter size diversity of Pinus densata. (3) the influence of environmental factors on the stand diameter size diversity was as follows: stand factor > topographical factor > understory vegetation factor. The average diameter at breast height of stand had the highest influence on the diameter size diversity of Pinus densata.. The maximum correlation coefficient could reach 0.756, and the fitting precision was the best, R2 could reach 0.6989. When CCA sort axis analysis was usd, the performance in the first axis was the best.
2020, 41(4): 28-37.
doi: 10.12172/202003240003
Abstract:
There are many forest land resources in the middle and upper reaches of the Jialing River. It is of great significance to study the relationship between the structure, distribution and topographical factors of forest resources for the ecological protection of the Jialing River. Using the Landsat TM remote sensing image and DEM data of 1998 and 2018, this paper studied the influence of topographical factors on the spatial evolution of forest land resources by using the maximum likelihood classification method, DEM data grid surface analysis, reclassification processing and spatial superposition. The area of the forest land resources in the middle and upper reaches of the Jialing River increased significantly at a rate of 318.43 hm2·a−1. Among the forest land resources types, the average increase rate of forest land was the fastest, and the positive increase rate of forest land, suitable forest land and nursery land was different from that of sparse forest land, immature forest land and non-forest land. The structure of forest land resources was dorminated by Cupressus funebris and Eucalyptus grandis in water and soil conservation forest and water conservation forest, and orange was aided in economic forest. Forest land resources were mainly concentrated on gentle slope, low-altitude hills and downhill slope positions, with very few areas on without aspect distribution. The transfer rate of forest land resources was the fastest and the largest in downhill slope positions, low-altitude hills and southwest and southeast slopes. The distribution index of various forest types was quite different in different topographies. Generally, the slope and downhill position were the absolute dominant positions, while the flat slope and non-slope were the relative disadvantaged positions. Partial correlation analysis showed that slope, altitude, aspect and slope position had negative correlation, positive correlation, positive-negative alternation and negative correlation with the total amount of forest land resources respectively, but had obvious positive correlation with forest land, shrub land and nursery land. Based on the study of the spatial relationship between the total amount, structure and topographic factors of forest land resources, the distribution of forest land resources in the middle and upper reaches of the Jialing River could be better understood, providing reference basis for ecological restoration and ecological structure adjustment in the latter stage.
There are many forest land resources in the middle and upper reaches of the Jialing River. It is of great significance to study the relationship between the structure, distribution and topographical factors of forest resources for the ecological protection of the Jialing River. Using the Landsat TM remote sensing image and DEM data of 1998 and 2018, this paper studied the influence of topographical factors on the spatial evolution of forest land resources by using the maximum likelihood classification method, DEM data grid surface analysis, reclassification processing and spatial superposition. The area of the forest land resources in the middle and upper reaches of the Jialing River increased significantly at a rate of 318.43 hm2·a−1. Among the forest land resources types, the average increase rate of forest land was the fastest, and the positive increase rate of forest land, suitable forest land and nursery land was different from that of sparse forest land, immature forest land and non-forest land. The structure of forest land resources was dorminated by Cupressus funebris and Eucalyptus grandis in water and soil conservation forest and water conservation forest, and orange was aided in economic forest. Forest land resources were mainly concentrated on gentle slope, low-altitude hills and downhill slope positions, with very few areas on without aspect distribution. The transfer rate of forest land resources was the fastest and the largest in downhill slope positions, low-altitude hills and southwest and southeast slopes. The distribution index of various forest types was quite different in different topographies. Generally, the slope and downhill position were the absolute dominant positions, while the flat slope and non-slope were the relative disadvantaged positions. Partial correlation analysis showed that slope, altitude, aspect and slope position had negative correlation, positive correlation, positive-negative alternation and negative correlation with the total amount of forest land resources respectively, but had obvious positive correlation with forest land, shrub land and nursery land. Based on the study of the spatial relationship between the total amount, structure and topographic factors of forest land resources, the distribution of forest land resources in the middle and upper reaches of the Jialing River could be better understood, providing reference basis for ecological restoration and ecological structure adjustment in the latter stage.
2020, 41(4): 38-43.
doi: 10.12172/202003160002
Abstract:
Rhododendron oligocarpum is one of the characteristic species of Rhododendron shrub clusters on the top of Mount. Fanjing in Guizhou Province, and it is the key species of that constitutes the scenic spot of the Rhododendron corridor in Mount. Fanjing. The species composition, species diversity, and community structure of Rhododendron oligocarpum in Mount Fanjing were studied by conventional community ecology investigation. The results showed that there were 27 species of vascular plants belonging to 25 genera and 15 families in the 600 m2 sampled plot, and the important value of Rhododendron oligocarpum was the highest in shrub layer. The species diversity analysis showed that community diversity index was low, the dominant species were obvious and the distribution of species was random in the shrub layer, the species were few and the distribution was more uniform in the herbaceous layer. The vertical structure of the community was simple, with a height of 3 to 3.5 meters, and the vertical structure of the community was stable.
Rhododendron oligocarpum is one of the characteristic species of Rhododendron shrub clusters on the top of Mount. Fanjing in Guizhou Province, and it is the key species of that constitutes the scenic spot of the Rhododendron corridor in Mount. Fanjing. The species composition, species diversity, and community structure of Rhododendron oligocarpum in Mount Fanjing were studied by conventional community ecology investigation. The results showed that there were 27 species of vascular plants belonging to 25 genera and 15 families in the 600 m2 sampled plot, and the important value of Rhododendron oligocarpum was the highest in shrub layer. The species diversity analysis showed that community diversity index was low, the dominant species were obvious and the distribution of species was random in the shrub layer, the species were few and the distribution was more uniform in the herbaceous layer. The vertical structure of the community was simple, with a height of 3 to 3.5 meters, and the vertical structure of the community was stable.
2020, 41(4): 44-50.
doi: 10.12172/202003090004
Abstract:
The Chenghai Lake Basin is located in the dry-hot valley area of the Jinsha River. Natural vegetation is scarce and the ecological environment is fragile. It is difficult to carry out vegetation restoration. In order to improve the forest coverage, biodiversity and landscape diversity level in the dry-hot valley area of the Chenghai Lake Basin, on the basis of comprehensive investigation, this paper analyzed the natural environment characteristics of the region, and systematically discussed the selection of plant species from the perspectives of constructing shelter forest, special-purpose forest, timber forest, firewood forest and economic forest. Finally, the main points of vegetation restoration and plant species selection in the dry-hot valley region were summarized, so as to provide reference for ecological restoration research and practice in the dry-hot valley area of the Jinsha River.
The Chenghai Lake Basin is located in the dry-hot valley area of the Jinsha River. Natural vegetation is scarce and the ecological environment is fragile. It is difficult to carry out vegetation restoration. In order to improve the forest coverage, biodiversity and landscape diversity level in the dry-hot valley area of the Chenghai Lake Basin, on the basis of comprehensive investigation, this paper analyzed the natural environment characteristics of the region, and systematically discussed the selection of plant species from the perspectives of constructing shelter forest, special-purpose forest, timber forest, firewood forest and economic forest. Finally, the main points of vegetation restoration and plant species selection in the dry-hot valley region were summarized, so as to provide reference for ecological restoration research and practice in the dry-hot valley area of the Jinsha River.
2020, 41(4): 51-57.
doi: 10.12172/202003160004
Abstract:
The genetic basis of parental combining ability of hybridization between Alnus plants was studied to provide a theoretical basis for the selection of parents for interspecific hybridization of Alnus plants. Using two A. cremastogyne species, four A. formosana species, and three A. glutinosa species as hybrid parents, 18 hybrid combinations (3 × 6) were configured according to incomplete random mating design (NCⅡ) to calculate the genetic parameters and competitive advantages of 9 seed and fruit traits such as general combining ability (GCA), special combining ability (SCA). The results showed that there were significant genetic differences in seed and fruit traits of Alnus interspecific hybrid combination. All kinds of seed and fruit traits were mainly characterized by gene additive effect inheritance, and seed length, seed width, and 1000-grain weight were jointly controlled by gene additive effect and non-additive effect. The narrow heritability order of seed and fruit traits was FWH>FWH>FL>WTS>SL>SW>CL>SSF>SA. The GCA value between parents and SCA value between hybrid combinations were quite different, and there was no correlation between GCA and SCA. Among the tested 18 hybrid combinations, ACjt04, ACjg00, and AFhlt01, AGtc02 had higher GCA and SCA values in seed and fruit traits, and could be selected as excellent parents accessions. The competitive advantage of 9 seed and fruit traits of 18 hybrid combinations had positive correlation with GCA and SCA, and the correlation with SCA was higher than GCA. Comprehensive analysis showed that the competitive advantage of Alnus interspecific hybrids had close genetic correlation with GCA and SCA. The selection of high GCA parents and high SCA hybrid combinations was the key to the interspecific hybridization breeding of Alnus with strong dominance.
The genetic basis of parental combining ability of hybridization between Alnus plants was studied to provide a theoretical basis for the selection of parents for interspecific hybridization of Alnus plants. Using two A. cremastogyne species, four A. formosana species, and three A. glutinosa species as hybrid parents, 18 hybrid combinations (3 × 6) were configured according to incomplete random mating design (NCⅡ) to calculate the genetic parameters and competitive advantages of 9 seed and fruit traits such as general combining ability (GCA), special combining ability (SCA). The results showed that there were significant genetic differences in seed and fruit traits of Alnus interspecific hybrid combination. All kinds of seed and fruit traits were mainly characterized by gene additive effect inheritance, and seed length, seed width, and 1000-grain weight were jointly controlled by gene additive effect and non-additive effect. The narrow heritability order of seed and fruit traits was FWH>FWH>FL>WTS>SL>SW>CL>SSF>SA. The GCA value between parents and SCA value between hybrid combinations were quite different, and there was no correlation between GCA and SCA. Among the tested 18 hybrid combinations, ACjt04, ACjg00, and AFhlt01, AGtc02 had higher GCA and SCA values in seed and fruit traits, and could be selected as excellent parents accessions. The competitive advantage of 9 seed and fruit traits of 18 hybrid combinations had positive correlation with GCA and SCA, and the correlation with SCA was higher than GCA. Comprehensive analysis showed that the competitive advantage of Alnus interspecific hybrids had close genetic correlation with GCA and SCA. The selection of high GCA parents and high SCA hybrid combinations was the key to the interspecific hybridization breeding of Alnus with strong dominance.
2020, 41(4): 58-63.
doi: 10.12172/202004260003
Abstract:
In this experiment, the HPLC method was used to determine 6 main anthocyanidins, including delphinidin pigment, cyanidin pigment, pelargonidi pigment, peonidin pigment, malvidin pigment and petunidin pigment, from Rosa damascene tyigintipetala at 4 different flowering periods (i.e., unfold-petal stage, initial-flowering stage, full-flowering stage and flowering-wilting stage). The anthocyanidins in the sample were extracted by ultrasonication for 30 min with the extracting solvent (ethanol : water : hydrochloric acid = 2 : 1 : 1), and hydrolyzed for 1 h in a boiling water bath. The HPLC was carried out by using an Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm), the flow phase was 1% formic acid aqueous solution and 1% formic acid acetonitrile solution, the flow rate was 0.8 mL·min−1, the detection wavelength was 530 nm, and the column temperature was 35 ℃. The results showed that cyanidin and pelargonidin pigments were detected at 4 flowering periods from Rosa damascene tyigintipetala. Variance analysis showed that the content difference between these two anthocyanidins at different flowering stages was extremely significant (P<0.01). The content of these two anthocyanidins decreased with the flowering process and petal fading, and the content of cyanidin pigment was absolutely dominant at different flowering stages. The established extraction and detection method of anthocyanidins from Rosa damascene tyigintipetala in this study is simple, rapid, stable and reproducible, which can be further used as an effective method for the determination of 6 anthocyanidins, such as delphinidin pigment, cyanidin pigment, pelargonidi pigment, peonidin pigment, malvidin pigment and petunidin pigment from Rosa damascene tyigintipetala and other plant-derived materials.
In this experiment, the HPLC method was used to determine 6 main anthocyanidins, including delphinidin pigment, cyanidin pigment, pelargonidi pigment, peonidin pigment, malvidin pigment and petunidin pigment, from Rosa damascene tyigintipetala at 4 different flowering periods (i.e., unfold-petal stage, initial-flowering stage, full-flowering stage and flowering-wilting stage). The anthocyanidins in the sample were extracted by ultrasonication for 30 min with the extracting solvent (ethanol : water : hydrochloric acid = 2 : 1 : 1), and hydrolyzed for 1 h in a boiling water bath. The HPLC was carried out by using an Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm), the flow phase was 1% formic acid aqueous solution and 1% formic acid acetonitrile solution, the flow rate was 0.8 mL·min−1, the detection wavelength was 530 nm, and the column temperature was 35 ℃. The results showed that cyanidin and pelargonidin pigments were detected at 4 flowering periods from Rosa damascene tyigintipetala. Variance analysis showed that the content difference between these two anthocyanidins at different flowering stages was extremely significant (P<0.01). The content of these two anthocyanidins decreased with the flowering process and petal fading, and the content of cyanidin pigment was absolutely dominant at different flowering stages. The established extraction and detection method of anthocyanidins from Rosa damascene tyigintipetala in this study is simple, rapid, stable and reproducible, which can be further used as an effective method for the determination of 6 anthocyanidins, such as delphinidin pigment, cyanidin pigment, pelargonidi pigment, peonidin pigment, malvidin pigment and petunidin pigment from Rosa damascene tyigintipetala and other plant-derived materials.
2020, 41(4): 64-68.
doi: 10.12172/202004130001
Abstract:
In order to screen high-quality mulberry varieties and explore the differences of anthocyanin and soluble sugar content in different mulberry varieties, Langchang No.1, Langchang No.2, Langchang No.3, Langchang No.4, Langchang No.5, Langchang No.6 and Langchang No.7 were selected as the experimental materials in Langzhong silkworm breeding farm. High performance liquid chromatography method and general analysis method were used to detect plant-derived anthocyanin and soluble sugar content respectively in different mulberry varieties. The results showed that Langchang No.4 was the best mulberry variety with the highest anthocyanin and soluble sugar content, reaching 1.024 mg·g−1 and 16.348 mg·g−1 respectively. Therefore, Langchang No.4 was the best fruit mulberry variety suitable for popularization.
In order to screen high-quality mulberry varieties and explore the differences of anthocyanin and soluble sugar content in different mulberry varieties, Langchang No.1, Langchang No.2, Langchang No.3, Langchang No.4, Langchang No.5, Langchang No.6 and Langchang No.7 were selected as the experimental materials in Langzhong silkworm breeding farm. High performance liquid chromatography method and general analysis method were used to detect plant-derived anthocyanin and soluble sugar content respectively in different mulberry varieties. The results showed that Langchang No.4 was the best mulberry variety with the highest anthocyanin and soluble sugar content, reaching 1.024 mg·g−1 and 16.348 mg·g−1 respectively. Therefore, Langchang No.4 was the best fruit mulberry variety suitable for popularization.
2020, 41(4): 69-77.
doi: 10.12172/202003130002
Abstract:
In order to reasonably protect and develop the wild forest germplasm resources with edible values in Jiuzhaigou county, the species tyes and characteristics of wild woody food resources in Jiuzhaigou county were summarized by field sampling line investigation and consultation interview. The results showed that the wild woody forest food plants in Jiuzhaigou county could be divided into seven types: forest vegetables, forest fruits, forest drinks, woody nectariferous plant, dried fruit, woody oil plants and other processed food. The discovery of wild food resources with potential development value such as Staphylea holocarpa var. rosea, Helwingia japonica, Lonicera tragophylla, Schisandra sphenanthera and Corylus ferox var. thibetica could provide certain reference basis for scientific protection and reasonable exploitation and utilization of wild forest germplasm resources in Jiuzhaigou county.
In order to reasonably protect and develop the wild forest germplasm resources with edible values in Jiuzhaigou county, the species tyes and characteristics of wild woody food resources in Jiuzhaigou county were summarized by field sampling line investigation and consultation interview. The results showed that the wild woody forest food plants in Jiuzhaigou county could be divided into seven types: forest vegetables, forest fruits, forest drinks, woody nectariferous plant, dried fruit, woody oil plants and other processed food. The discovery of wild food resources with potential development value such as Staphylea holocarpa var. rosea, Helwingia japonica, Lonicera tragophylla, Schisandra sphenanthera and Corylus ferox var. thibetica could provide certain reference basis for scientific protection and reasonable exploitation and utilization of wild forest germplasm resources in Jiuzhaigou county.
2020, 41(4): 78-82.
doi: 10.12172/202004070002
Abstract:
The leaf yield, leaf contents and soil nutrients of Cinnamomum longepaniculatum dwarfing experimental forest were determined. The results showed that different dwarfing intensities could significantly affect the leaf yield per unit area (P<0.05), but could not significantly affected the leaf oil content and eudesmol content. In the dwarfing cultivation of Cinnamomum longepaniculatum, the trunk height should be kept at 5—8 m, the stand density should be kept at 1290−1425 plants per hectare, and the leaf yield per unit area should be at a high level. The contents of available potassium, total phosphorus and total potassium in the soil were significantly affected by dwarfing cultivation of Cinnamomum longepaniculatum,. During dwarfing cultivation of Cinnamomum longepaniculatum, potassium fertilizer should be added timely and appropriately to ensure the balance of soil nutrients.
The leaf yield, leaf contents and soil nutrients of Cinnamomum longepaniculatum dwarfing experimental forest were determined. The results showed that different dwarfing intensities could significantly affect the leaf yield per unit area (P<0.05), but could not significantly affected the leaf oil content and eudesmol content. In the dwarfing cultivation of Cinnamomum longepaniculatum, the trunk height should be kept at 5—8 m, the stand density should be kept at 1290−1425 plants per hectare, and the leaf yield per unit area should be at a high level. The contents of available potassium, total phosphorus and total potassium in the soil were significantly affected by dwarfing cultivation of Cinnamomum longepaniculatum,. During dwarfing cultivation of Cinnamomum longepaniculatum, potassium fertilizer should be added timely and appropriately to ensure the balance of soil nutrients.
2020, 41(4): 83-88.
doi: 10.12172/202003190001
Abstract:
From July to September 2019, this study on drugs for preventing and controlling Sciurotamias davidianus in artificial walnut forest was carried out in Nanjiang County. The results of bait selection test showed that apple was the favorite bait for Sciurotamias davidianus in this area. The results of drug screening test showed that 1.5/10000 bromadiolone was a good palatable and effective drug.
From July to September 2019, this study on drugs for preventing and controlling Sciurotamias davidianus in artificial walnut forest was carried out in Nanjiang County. The results of bait selection test showed that apple was the favorite bait for Sciurotamias davidianus in this area. The results of drug screening test showed that 1.5/10000 bromadiolone was a good palatable and effective drug.
2020, 41(4): 89-93.
doi: 10.12172/202004140002
Abstract:
In order to study the effect of different substrates on the growth and development of Haloxylon ammodendron under different seedling growth conditions, using H. ammodendron as the studying materials, the effects of three different substrate configurations and two seedling growth conditions on the growth conditions of H. ammodendron were studied. The results showed that: (1) under the conditions of small arch shed nursery and open-air nursery, the best nursery substrates were both garden soil: river sand: decomposed sheep manure = 1:1:1. (2) under the same substrate, the seedling growth in the small arch shed nursery methods was better than that in open-air nursery. (3) when sowing, the seedling growth rate was the best when using the small arch shed nutrient bag nursery method and the nursery substrate was garden soil: river sand: decomposed sheep dung = 1:1:1. The average seedling height, average ground diameter, average main root length, first-class side root length, and seedling weight was 39.28 cm, 0.19 cm, 11.83 cm, 7.45 cm, and 6.87 g respectively.
In order to study the effect of different substrates on the growth and development of Haloxylon ammodendron under different seedling growth conditions, using H. ammodendron as the studying materials, the effects of three different substrate configurations and two seedling growth conditions on the growth conditions of H. ammodendron were studied. The results showed that: (1) under the conditions of small arch shed nursery and open-air nursery, the best nursery substrates were both garden soil: river sand: decomposed sheep manure = 1:1:1. (2) under the same substrate, the seedling growth in the small arch shed nursery methods was better than that in open-air nursery. (3) when sowing, the seedling growth rate was the best when using the small arch shed nutrient bag nursery method and the nursery substrate was garden soil: river sand: decomposed sheep dung = 1:1:1. The average seedling height, average ground diameter, average main root length, first-class side root length, and seedling weight was 39.28 cm, 0.19 cm, 11.83 cm, 7.45 cm, and 6.87 g respectively.
2020, 41(4): 94-98.
doi: 10.12172/202004100002
Abstract:
In order to explore the high grafting technique of blueberries, the 6-year-old sharp blueberries were used as rootstock and the branches of three blueberry varieties, O'neill, Brilliant and Peak, were used as scions. The effects of different seasons, different grafting weather and different scion positions on the survival rate of high grafting and the growth rate of scion new shoots were studied and analyzed. The results showed that there was no significant difference in grafting survival rate between spring and autumn, and there was extremely significantly difference in the growth rate of scion new shoots between spring, summer and autumn, and autumn was the worst season. Grafting in summer (June) with moisture preservation and shade could effectively improve the grafting survival rate. Grafting with pruned branches of early and medium varieties did not affect the annual fruit yield of blueberries in the current year, and the new shoots could obviously accelerate the growth and development process of grafted plants and caould blossom and bear fruit in the second year. The survival rate of grafting in different weather was significantly different, the best grafting was in sunny days, and there was no significant difference in the growth of scion's new shoot. The survival rate of grafting at different scion positions and the growth rate of new scion shoots were significantly different, with the middle scion being the best. Therefore, the blueberry high grafting method of selecting scions in the middle of branches to graft on sunny days in summer (late June) might be the best way.
In order to explore the high grafting technique of blueberries, the 6-year-old sharp blueberries were used as rootstock and the branches of three blueberry varieties, O'neill, Brilliant and Peak, were used as scions. The effects of different seasons, different grafting weather and different scion positions on the survival rate of high grafting and the growth rate of scion new shoots were studied and analyzed. The results showed that there was no significant difference in grafting survival rate between spring and autumn, and there was extremely significantly difference in the growth rate of scion new shoots between spring, summer and autumn, and autumn was the worst season. Grafting in summer (June) with moisture preservation and shade could effectively improve the grafting survival rate. Grafting with pruned branches of early and medium varieties did not affect the annual fruit yield of blueberries in the current year, and the new shoots could obviously accelerate the growth and development process of grafted plants and caould blossom and bear fruit in the second year. The survival rate of grafting in different weather was significantly different, the best grafting was in sunny days, and there was no significant difference in the growth of scion's new shoot. The survival rate of grafting at different scion positions and the growth rate of new scion shoots were significantly different, with the middle scion being the best. Therefore, the blueberry high grafting method of selecting scions in the middle of branches to graft on sunny days in summer (late June) might be the best way.
2020, 41(4): 99-105.
doi: 10.12172/202005180001
Abstract:
In order to study the effects of different substrates ratios on the growth, biomass and seedling quality of Phoebe zhennan seedlings, the half-year-old Phoebe zhennan seedlings were used as the test materials with the L16 (54) orthogonal experiment. The results showed that different substrates ratios had significant effects on the seedling height, ground diameter, leaf dry weight, branch dry weight and root dry weight of 1- and 2-year-old Phoebe zhennan seedlings (P<0.05). The substrate ratio of coconut bran (4), peat soil (6), oil camphor leaf (2), agricultural and forestry waste (1), humus soil (4) was the best treatment with the best growth indexes and balanced performance. And the comprehensive evaluation results were the best, among wich the ground diameter and seedling height in the second year increased by 5.18 mm and 50.23 cm respectively compared with the first year. The second best substrate ratio was coconut bran (6), peat soil (6), oil camphor leaf (1), agricultural and forestry waste (3), humus soil (2), in which the ground diameter and seedling height in the second year increased by 4.06 mm and 45.99 cm respectively compared with the first year. Effect of different substrate components on the growth of Phoebe zhennan seedlings were as follows: peat soil > agricultural and forestry waste > humic soil > oil camphor leaf > coconut bran,
In order to study the effects of different substrates ratios on the growth, biomass and seedling quality of Phoebe zhennan seedlings, the half-year-old Phoebe zhennan seedlings were used as the test materials with the L16 (54) orthogonal experiment. The results showed that different substrates ratios had significant effects on the seedling height, ground diameter, leaf dry weight, branch dry weight and root dry weight of 1- and 2-year-old Phoebe zhennan seedlings (P<0.05). The substrate ratio of coconut bran (4), peat soil (6), oil camphor leaf (2), agricultural and forestry waste (1), humus soil (4) was the best treatment with the best growth indexes and balanced performance. And the comprehensive evaluation results were the best, among wich the ground diameter and seedling height in the second year increased by 5.18 mm and 50.23 cm respectively compared with the first year. The second best substrate ratio was coconut bran (6), peat soil (6), oil camphor leaf (1), agricultural and forestry waste (3), humus soil (2), in which the ground diameter and seedling height in the second year increased by 4.06 mm and 45.99 cm respectively compared with the first year. Effect of different substrate components on the growth of Phoebe zhennan seedlings were as follows: peat soil > agricultural and forestry waste > humic soil > oil camphor leaf > coconut bran,
2020, 41(4): 106-109.
doi: 10.12172/202001060003
Abstract:
Eupatorium adenophorum (Ageratina adenophora) is widely distributed in China. In order to explore new methods of resource utilization of Eupatorium adenophorum, the powder of roots, stems and leaves of Eupatorium adenophorum was used as the additive of the culture medium. By detecting the changes of the number and speed of microorganism propagation in the culture medium, we explored whether the powder of Eupatorium adenophorum could promote the propagation of Bacillus subtilis in the culture medium. The results showed that the dry powder of the roots, stems and leaves of Eupatorium adenophorum had a certain promotion effect on the growth of Bacillus subtilis in the culture medium, and the dry powder could more effectively improve the propagation speed of Bacillus subtilis in LB liquid culture medium.
Eupatorium adenophorum (Ageratina adenophora) is widely distributed in China. In order to explore new methods of resource utilization of Eupatorium adenophorum, the powder of roots, stems and leaves of Eupatorium adenophorum was used as the additive of the culture medium. By detecting the changes of the number and speed of microorganism propagation in the culture medium, we explored whether the powder of Eupatorium adenophorum could promote the propagation of Bacillus subtilis in the culture medium. The results showed that the dry powder of the roots, stems and leaves of Eupatorium adenophorum had a certain promotion effect on the growth of Bacillus subtilis in the culture medium, and the dry powder could more effectively improve the propagation speed of Bacillus subtilis in LB liquid culture medium.
2020, 41(4): 110-116.
doi: 10.12172/202005060001
Abstract:
In order to find out the wild medicinal plant resources and their distribution patterns and analyze the diversity characteristics in the south slope of Micang mountain, and provide scientific basis for the protection, development and utilization of medicinal plant resources in this region. Combined with the fourth national survey of traditional Chinese medicine resources, the diversity of wild medicinal plants in the south slope of Micang mountain was analyzed by the quadrat survey and field investigation method. The results showed that there were 290 species of wild medicinal plants belonging to 223 genera and 95 families in this region. The composition of families and genera was rich and diverse, and in the composition of families, 2—5 kinds of oligarchic families were the largest with 136 species in 44 families, accounting for 46.3% of the total families and 46.9% of the total species respectively. In the composition of genera, single species of monotypic genus were dominant with 178 genera, accounting for 79.8% of the total genera and 61.4% of the total species. The herbaceous medicinal plants in this region were slightly dominant, accounting for 53.1% of the total species. Detoxification and heat clearing were the main efficacy of wild medicinal plants in this region, accounting for 44.5% and 42.1% of the total species respectively. Most of the wild medicinal plants in this region was used as medicine with whole grass or whole plant, root and rhizomes, accounting for 33.6% and 22.3% of the total species of medicinal plants respectively. In summary, there were many kinds of wild medicinal plants in the southern slope of Micang mountain, with various types of medicinal plants, such as growth types, efficacy and medicinal parts, and so on..However, there was a lack of standardized protection and utilization plan. It was suggested to formulate the protection and utilization plan of wild medicine plants, laying a foundation for the protection and sustainable utilization of traditional Chinese medicine resources in the region.
In order to find out the wild medicinal plant resources and their distribution patterns and analyze the diversity characteristics in the south slope of Micang mountain, and provide scientific basis for the protection, development and utilization of medicinal plant resources in this region. Combined with the fourth national survey of traditional Chinese medicine resources, the diversity of wild medicinal plants in the south slope of Micang mountain was analyzed by the quadrat survey and field investigation method. The results showed that there were 290 species of wild medicinal plants belonging to 223 genera and 95 families in this region. The composition of families and genera was rich and diverse, and in the composition of families, 2—5 kinds of oligarchic families were the largest with 136 species in 44 families, accounting for 46.3% of the total families and 46.9% of the total species respectively. In the composition of genera, single species of monotypic genus were dominant with 178 genera, accounting for 79.8% of the total genera and 61.4% of the total species. The herbaceous medicinal plants in this region were slightly dominant, accounting for 53.1% of the total species. Detoxification and heat clearing were the main efficacy of wild medicinal plants in this region, accounting for 44.5% and 42.1% of the total species respectively. Most of the wild medicinal plants in this region was used as medicine with whole grass or whole plant, root and rhizomes, accounting for 33.6% and 22.3% of the total species of medicinal plants respectively. In summary, there were many kinds of wild medicinal plants in the southern slope of Micang mountain, with various types of medicinal plants, such as growth types, efficacy and medicinal parts, and so on..However, there was a lack of standardized protection and utilization plan. It was suggested to formulate the protection and utilization plan of wild medicine plants, laying a foundation for the protection and sustainable utilization of traditional Chinese medicine resources in the region.
2020, 41(4): 117-120.
doi: 10.12172/202004100001
Abstract:
Insect diversity can reflect the destruction degrees of different geography and natural environment. In order to study the health status of natural environment under different restoration degrees in heavy metal polluted areas, 30 plots from 3 heavy metal polluted areas in Huludao area were investigated for insect diversity. A total of 166 insects were obtained, belonging to 9 orders and 21 families. Orthoptera、Lepidoptera、Coleoptera、Hymenoptera and Hemiptera were found in the three sampled areas. The Simpson dominance concentration index, Shannon-Wiener species diversity index H′, and Homogeneity index J were applied to analyze the insect diversity in the protected area. The results showed that the better the vegetation restoration was, the higher the insect group diversity and biodiversity index were.
Insect diversity can reflect the destruction degrees of different geography and natural environment. In order to study the health status of natural environment under different restoration degrees in heavy metal polluted areas, 30 plots from 3 heavy metal polluted areas in Huludao area were investigated for insect diversity. A total of 166 insects were obtained, belonging to 9 orders and 21 families. Orthoptera、Lepidoptera、Coleoptera、Hymenoptera and Hemiptera were found in the three sampled areas. The Simpson dominance concentration index, Shannon-Wiener species diversity index H′, and Homogeneity index J were applied to analyze the insect diversity in the protected area. The results showed that the better the vegetation restoration was, the higher the insect group diversity and biodiversity index were.
2020, 41(4): 121-128.
doi: 10.12172/202003030001
Abstract:
Based on literature collection, arrangement and analysis of Orchidaceae plants resources in Liziping National Nature Reserve of Sichuan province, there were totally 70 species of Orchidaceae plants belonging to 30 genus in the reserve, mainly terrestrial orchids, and there were many rare and endangered species. The floristic types of the genus were mainly tropical and temperate components, which had the characteristics of floristic transition from typical tropical components to temperate components, and temperate components were dominant. There were many Chinese endemic species. The field survey results showed that 26 species found in the survey were mainly distributed in the low and medium altitude regions below the elevation of 3500 m, and the number of species first increased and then decreased with the elevation, reaching the highest peak at the elevation of 2000~2500 m, There were various types of human disturbances in the reserve, including the traffic, grazing, herb collecting, and the effects of the traffic and grazing were the greatest on Orchichadaea plants. Based on the survey results, some corresponding measures and suggestions on the protection were also put forward.
Based on literature collection, arrangement and analysis of Orchidaceae plants resources in Liziping National Nature Reserve of Sichuan province, there were totally 70 species of Orchidaceae plants belonging to 30 genus in the reserve, mainly terrestrial orchids, and there were many rare and endangered species. The floristic types of the genus were mainly tropical and temperate components, which had the characteristics of floristic transition from typical tropical components to temperate components, and temperate components were dominant. There were many Chinese endemic species. The field survey results showed that 26 species found in the survey were mainly distributed in the low and medium altitude regions below the elevation of 3500 m, and the number of species first increased and then decreased with the elevation, reaching the highest peak at the elevation of 2000~2500 m, There were various types of human disturbances in the reserve, including the traffic, grazing, herb collecting, and the effects of the traffic and grazing were the greatest on Orchichadaea plants. Based on the survey results, some corresponding measures and suggestions on the protection were also put forward.
2020, 41(4): 129-136.
doi: 10.12172/202004030001
Abstract:
From May 2017 to September 2019, the diversity of large and medium-sized animals in the Jiudingshan Nature Reserve in Sichuan province was monitored by infrared camera technology. In this study, with an intensive survey effort of 7457 efficient camera days at 49 locations (26 grids), a total of 7339 photographs and videos of wild mammals were captured, among them 7231 photographs and videos of specific species of mammals were accurately identified and 1190 independent records were recorded. A total of 18 wild mammal species belonging to 11 families and 4 orders were identified, while the remaining mammals that could not be accurately identified were recorded as Muridaes, Sciuridaes and Mustelidaes. Among the 18 wild mammals, Carnivoras (7 species, 4 families) were the highest in species richness, followed by Artiodactyla (6 species, 4 families) and Rodentia (3 species, 2 families). From independent and effective records, Artiodactylas were with the greatest number of detections (67.14%), followed by Primates (17.14%) and Carnivora (10.09%), and all the three taxa were up to 94.37% of all detections. Four species were listed as Class I national key protected wild animals in China and five species as Class II. One mammal species was evaluated as Endangered (EN) by IUCN Red List, 3 species evaluated as Near Threatened (NT) and 5 species evaluated as Vulnerable (VU). Based on the relative abundance index (RAI), Chinese Goral (Naemorhedus griseus) (6.91), Tufted Deer (Elaphodus cephalophus) (2.27), Tibetan Macaque (Macaca thibetana) (1.77), Golden Snub-nosed Monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) (0.98) and Sichuan Takin (Budorcas tibetanus) (0.80) were ranked as the top most 5 abundant mammal species. This survey had obtained valuable infrared images data of wild animals and distribution information of some mammal species in Jiudingshan Nature Reserve, accumulating basic data for follow-up continuous monitoring work for further updating, revision and improvement of the species list in the reserve.
From May 2017 to September 2019, the diversity of large and medium-sized animals in the Jiudingshan Nature Reserve in Sichuan province was monitored by infrared camera technology. In this study, with an intensive survey effort of 7457 efficient camera days at 49 locations (26 grids), a total of 7339 photographs and videos of wild mammals were captured, among them 7231 photographs and videos of specific species of mammals were accurately identified and 1190 independent records were recorded. A total of 18 wild mammal species belonging to 11 families and 4 orders were identified, while the remaining mammals that could not be accurately identified were recorded as Muridaes, Sciuridaes and Mustelidaes. Among the 18 wild mammals, Carnivoras (7 species, 4 families) were the highest in species richness, followed by Artiodactyla (6 species, 4 families) and Rodentia (3 species, 2 families). From independent and effective records, Artiodactylas were with the greatest number of detections (67.14%), followed by Primates (17.14%) and Carnivora (10.09%), and all the three taxa were up to 94.37% of all detections. Four species were listed as Class I national key protected wild animals in China and five species as Class II. One mammal species was evaluated as Endangered (EN) by IUCN Red List, 3 species evaluated as Near Threatened (NT) and 5 species evaluated as Vulnerable (VU). Based on the relative abundance index (RAI), Chinese Goral (Naemorhedus griseus) (6.91), Tufted Deer (Elaphodus cephalophus) (2.27), Tibetan Macaque (Macaca thibetana) (1.77), Golden Snub-nosed Monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) (0.98) and Sichuan Takin (Budorcas tibetanus) (0.80) were ranked as the top most 5 abundant mammal species. This survey had obtained valuable infrared images data of wild animals and distribution information of some mammal species in Jiudingshan Nature Reserve, accumulating basic data for follow-up continuous monitoring work for further updating, revision and improvement of the species list in the reserve.
2020, 41(4): 137-141.
doi: 10.12172/201812260001
Abstract:
Based on field vegetation survey and the classification principles and basis of Sichuan Vegetation, the natural vegetation in the reserve can be divided into 6 vegetation types, 11 flora classes and 25 flora. Among them, 14 community types were maily distributed in 1400—2000 m altitude, 3 community types in 2000—2500 m altitude, 3 community types in 2500—3000 m altitude, 9 community types in 3000—3500 m altitude, 4 community types in 3500—4000 m altitude, and 2 community types in 4000—4800 m altitude. The dominant species of trees, shrubs and herbaceous layers of different community types at different altitudes were counted by the important values. It was recommended to establish an effective protection system, strengthening propaganda and education, monitoring management and scientific research to protect the plant vegetation resources in Baishuihe National Nature Reserve.
Based on field vegetation survey and the classification principles and basis of Sichuan Vegetation, the natural vegetation in the reserve can be divided into 6 vegetation types, 11 flora classes and 25 flora. Among them, 14 community types were maily distributed in 1400—2000 m altitude, 3 community types in 2000—2500 m altitude, 3 community types in 2500—3000 m altitude, 9 community types in 3000—3500 m altitude, 4 community types in 3500—4000 m altitude, and 2 community types in 4000—4800 m altitude. The dominant species of trees, shrubs and herbaceous layers of different community types at different altitudes were counted by the important values. It was recommended to establish an effective protection system, strengthening propaganda and education, monitoring management and scientific research to protect the plant vegetation resources in Baishuihe National Nature Reserve.
