2015 Vol. 36 Issue 6
2015 Vol. 36, No. 6
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2015, 36(6): 1-10.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2015.06.001
Abstract:
Mammal species under several realms are confluent in Sichuan and Chongqing,with very affluent biodiversity,and large amont of endemic components. On ecological sub-region as units, indices were chosen from coefficients of space accommodation and genetic potential, and the five indices were about distribution,indigenousness,specific model and economic value. The system was drawn up for quantitative evaluation of vulnerability degree (value VC),and 223 ferine species in Sichuan were marked according to grades. The results showed that Sichuan hairy-tailed dormouse bore the highest VC of 0.9,and the next was the giant panda. Mammals with the lowest VC by grading were mostly murines of Rodentia and bats of Chiroptera. Afterward,coefficients under threat were classified by cluster analysis through strict mathematic method for 7 orders separately,so as to obtain species with the maximum and minimum values of 5 indexes among each order. It was found that a number of species bearing highest VC in order were not necessarily primary in sequence made by the clustering, so they didnot occupy extremely urgent location in preferential conservation. It was testified by F test that the occurrence of species was not correlated, and ingredients of realms were not divided in terrain clearly. It was discovered that 7 realms survived and coexisted in Sichuan intricately, and formulas about membership function were deduced according to scores of each mammal, so as to judge which realm they belonged to, i. e. Palaearctic, Oriental, Palaeotropical or etc. Palaearctic was formed during lower series of Triassic System, Oriental in medium series of Jurassic System, and species quantity in these two realms were the most. After splitting of the Gondwana, realms came into being in turn. Neoarctic had emerged at Younger Dryas posterior to Miocene Series (N1), whereas Neotropical within Q. It was put forward that mammals for decision of Quaternary period were palm civet, civet cat and etc. Ratio of Quaternary species was the largest in Lagomorpha, and Insectivora was secondary. Differentiation evolution of giant pandas and lesser pandas had proved that icecap of Pleistocene glacier had not occurred in mountain areas around the Sichuan Basin during Quaternary, and Neoarctic happened later than ancestors of red pandas were born. Gradual oscillation of climate in Younger Dryas was watershed of evolvement from Eutherian species to Cainotheres. Oriental species differentiated, processed among 4 sections and were reflected in Sichuan.
Mammal species under several realms are confluent in Sichuan and Chongqing,with very affluent biodiversity,and large amont of endemic components. On ecological sub-region as units, indices were chosen from coefficients of space accommodation and genetic potential, and the five indices were about distribution,indigenousness,specific model and economic value. The system was drawn up for quantitative evaluation of vulnerability degree (value VC),and 223 ferine species in Sichuan were marked according to grades. The results showed that Sichuan hairy-tailed dormouse bore the highest VC of 0.9,and the next was the giant panda. Mammals with the lowest VC by grading were mostly murines of Rodentia and bats of Chiroptera. Afterward,coefficients under threat were classified by cluster analysis through strict mathematic method for 7 orders separately,so as to obtain species with the maximum and minimum values of 5 indexes among each order. It was found that a number of species bearing highest VC in order were not necessarily primary in sequence made by the clustering, so they didnot occupy extremely urgent location in preferential conservation. It was testified by F test that the occurrence of species was not correlated, and ingredients of realms were not divided in terrain clearly. It was discovered that 7 realms survived and coexisted in Sichuan intricately, and formulas about membership function were deduced according to scores of each mammal, so as to judge which realm they belonged to, i. e. Palaearctic, Oriental, Palaeotropical or etc. Palaearctic was formed during lower series of Triassic System, Oriental in medium series of Jurassic System, and species quantity in these two realms were the most. After splitting of the Gondwana, realms came into being in turn. Neoarctic had emerged at Younger Dryas posterior to Miocene Series (N1), whereas Neotropical within Q. It was put forward that mammals for decision of Quaternary period were palm civet, civet cat and etc. Ratio of Quaternary species was the largest in Lagomorpha, and Insectivora was secondary. Differentiation evolution of giant pandas and lesser pandas had proved that icecap of Pleistocene glacier had not occurred in mountain areas around the Sichuan Basin during Quaternary, and Neoarctic happened later than ancestors of red pandas were born. Gradual oscillation of climate in Younger Dryas was watershed of evolvement from Eutherian species to Cainotheres. Oriental species differentiated, processed among 4 sections and were reflected in Sichuan.
2015, 36(6): 11-16.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2015.06.002
Abstract:
Thirty landscapes were evaluated by scenic beauty estimation(SBE) method in this paper,and 15 landscape elements affecting the landscape aesthetic quality were used as indexes. Multivariate linear models were established for the estimation of landscape quality between favor degree and the structural factors by using Quantitative Theory I. The results showed that the main elements affecting the aesthetic quality of the study area were the ratio of the needle and the width, the density of the depression, herb coverage,average diameter at breast height and the height of the shrubs. The multiple correlation coefficient F was 2.657 (p < 0.05). Preference was shown on forest landscapes with canopy density 0.5~0.69,coniferous proportion 0.3~0.49 and better herbaceous cover. More perspective and larger tree diameter might also improve the beauty which not only reflected the current situation of the local scenic forest,but also provided a new idea and method for future landscape forest research and management.
Thirty landscapes were evaluated by scenic beauty estimation(SBE) method in this paper,and 15 landscape elements affecting the landscape aesthetic quality were used as indexes. Multivariate linear models were established for the estimation of landscape quality between favor degree and the structural factors by using Quantitative Theory I. The results showed that the main elements affecting the aesthetic quality of the study area were the ratio of the needle and the width, the density of the depression, herb coverage,average diameter at breast height and the height of the shrubs. The multiple correlation coefficient F was 2.657 (p < 0.05). Preference was shown on forest landscapes with canopy density 0.5~0.69,coniferous proportion 0.3~0.49 and better herbaceous cover. More perspective and larger tree diameter might also improve the beauty which not only reflected the current situation of the local scenic forest,but also provided a new idea and method for future landscape forest research and management.
2015, 36(6): 17-22.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2015.06.003
Abstract:
For the purpose of promoting the development of artificial populations of Cystoathyrium chinensis,and finding out more appropriate habitats of Cystoathyrium chinensis in Tianquan, based on the research on ecological factors such as vegetation, soil, climate, terrain, etc. in the original habitat of Cystoathyrium chinensis,and according to its botanical characteristics,a series of specific factors were screened by experts in various fields,and at the same time the distribution of their weight was conducted. After comprehensive evaluation of 20 similar habitats,5 most appropriate and 6 appropriate habitats were selected.
For the purpose of promoting the development of artificial populations of Cystoathyrium chinensis,and finding out more appropriate habitats of Cystoathyrium chinensis in Tianquan, based on the research on ecological factors such as vegetation, soil, climate, terrain, etc. in the original habitat of Cystoathyrium chinensis,and according to its botanical characteristics,a series of specific factors were screened by experts in various fields,and at the same time the distribution of their weight was conducted. After comprehensive evaluation of 20 similar habitats,5 most appropriate and 6 appropriate habitats were selected.
2015, 36(6): 23-26.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2015.06.004
Abstract:
The wild training can increase the survival rate of enclosed animals which will return in the wild,and the environmental richness is one of the training ways. According to the research for the wild training giant panda in China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda (CCRCGP), it was found the mother giant panda would often carried off the cub very soon (2.31 ±0.82 minutes) if the cub was put in the man-made nest,the type of man-made nests had no impacts on the stay time. The mother giant pandas would never use the man-made nests on their own,mostly they would stay in the nest made by themseies. If the food was put in the man-made nest, the giant panda would leave soon (1.57 ±0.68 minutes) after the food was eaten up. Adding grasses or other material in the nest could not prolong the staying time (F=0.30,df=2,P=0.74),but the amount of food had positive correlation with the staying time significantly (r=0.82, P < 0.001). Mother giant pandas would more quickly leave the nest when the cub was at hand in order to prevent the cub from injury.
The wild training can increase the survival rate of enclosed animals which will return in the wild,and the environmental richness is one of the training ways. According to the research for the wild training giant panda in China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda (CCRCGP), it was found the mother giant panda would often carried off the cub very soon (2.31 ±0.82 minutes) if the cub was put in the man-made nest,the type of man-made nests had no impacts on the stay time. The mother giant pandas would never use the man-made nests on their own,mostly they would stay in the nest made by themseies. If the food was put in the man-made nest, the giant panda would leave soon (1.57 ±0.68 minutes) after the food was eaten up. Adding grasses or other material in the nest could not prolong the staying time (F=0.30,df=2,P=0.74),but the amount of food had positive correlation with the staying time significantly (r=0.82, P < 0.001). Mother giant pandas would more quickly leave the nest when the cub was at hand in order to prevent the cub from injury.
2015, 36(6): 27-31.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2015.06.005
Abstract:
By choosing five representative sample trees with the diameter of more than 60 cm and setting forty seed rain collectors, researches were conducted on the spatial and temporal pattern of seed rain of overmature Cinnamomum camphora forest since August to December in 2014 on the Lingyan Mountain in Dujiangyan on Western Sichuan Basin Border. The results showed that:(1) the total seed rainfall was 5,592 grains; the cumulative seed rain intensity reached 699.00 seeds per square metre; the annual reached 139.80 seeds per square metre; the average survival rate was 93.26%; (2) the seed rain lasted for 107 days,and the beginning period was in the late August. The peak period was from mid to late December,occupying 57.69% of the total seed rain. And the terminal period was until November. (3) The seed rain had obvious spatial pattern:Most seeds of C. camphora trees were always distributed in the understorey. The horizontal direction grains were always more than the vertical direction. The seed rain pattern showed a clump distribution; (4) there was an alternate bearing in seed production of C. camphora forest by observation for two years.
By choosing five representative sample trees with the diameter of more than 60 cm and setting forty seed rain collectors, researches were conducted on the spatial and temporal pattern of seed rain of overmature Cinnamomum camphora forest since August to December in 2014 on the Lingyan Mountain in Dujiangyan on Western Sichuan Basin Border. The results showed that:(1) the total seed rainfall was 5,592 grains; the cumulative seed rain intensity reached 699.00 seeds per square metre; the annual reached 139.80 seeds per square metre; the average survival rate was 93.26%; (2) the seed rain lasted for 107 days,and the beginning period was in the late August. The peak period was from mid to late December,occupying 57.69% of the total seed rain. And the terminal period was until November. (3) The seed rain had obvious spatial pattern:Most seeds of C. camphora trees were always distributed in the understorey. The horizontal direction grains were always more than the vertical direction. The seed rain pattern showed a clump distribution; (4) there was an alternate bearing in seed production of C. camphora forest by observation for two years.
2015, 36(6): 32-39.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2015.06.006
Abstract:
In this paper,sendies were made of the effect of both aqueous extracts and ethanol extracts of olive leaves on the seed germination of tomato, grass, corn, wheat and lawn, and the determination was conducted on the length and weight of stems and roots,the germination potential and germination rate. The results showed that extracts had different influences on various seeds. These influences were related with solvent types,extract concentration and seed species. The roots were inhibited much more than the stems. The low concentration extract would promote the seed germination however the inhibition would occurr with the high concentration extract. Both soluble alkaloid and alcohol-alkaloid were found in olive leaves, and they exhibited different effects on various seeds.
In this paper,sendies were made of the effect of both aqueous extracts and ethanol extracts of olive leaves on the seed germination of tomato, grass, corn, wheat and lawn, and the determination was conducted on the length and weight of stems and roots,the germination potential and germination rate. The results showed that extracts had different influences on various seeds. These influences were related with solvent types,extract concentration and seed species. The roots were inhibited much more than the stems. The low concentration extract would promote the seed germination however the inhibition would occurr with the high concentration extract. Both soluble alkaloid and alcohol-alkaloid were found in olive leaves, and they exhibited different effects on various seeds.
2015, 36(6): 40-46.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2015.06.007
Abstract:
The Lushan earthquake caused the serious influence to forest plants in Tianquan County. Its Emmenopterys henryi resource and ecological habitat got the large degree of damage. To save Emmenopterys henryi tiny population,comparaitire studies were made of Emmenopterys henryi habitat in Tianquan County. Different habitat growth status of Emmenopterys henryi were analyzed and compared through on-the-spot investigating Emmenopterys henryi resource distribution and growth. According to the similar habitat theory,the main habitat factors of Emmenopterys henryi were selected. Combined with expert evaluation method, we preliminarily selected 12 suitable ecological habitats of Emmenopterys henryi in Tianquan,and basically found out the most suitable and appropriate habitat conditions of Emmenopterys henryi. Operational and practical technology was provided for tiny popuation protection and recovery and the establishment of the artificial population of Emmenopterys henryi in Tianquan.
The Lushan earthquake caused the serious influence to forest plants in Tianquan County. Its Emmenopterys henryi resource and ecological habitat got the large degree of damage. To save Emmenopterys henryi tiny population,comparaitire studies were made of Emmenopterys henryi habitat in Tianquan County. Different habitat growth status of Emmenopterys henryi were analyzed and compared through on-the-spot investigating Emmenopterys henryi resource distribution and growth. According to the similar habitat theory,the main habitat factors of Emmenopterys henryi were selected. Combined with expert evaluation method, we preliminarily selected 12 suitable ecological habitats of Emmenopterys henryi in Tianquan,and basically found out the most suitable and appropriate habitat conditions of Emmenopterys henryi. Operational and practical technology was provided for tiny popuation protection and recovery and the establishment of the artificial population of Emmenopterys henryi in Tianquan.
2015, 36(6): 47-51.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2015.06.008
Abstract:
In this paper,analysis mas made of the diversity of shrubs and important herbs in arid valleys of the Bailong River in Gansu Province. The feature of changes in α diversity with elevation increasing showed that both diversity and richness indexes of shrubs slightly increased at first, then decreased and rose in the end, while evenness and dominance indexes changed little. Changes in the indexes of herbs and shrubs were similar,at the same altitude the diversity of shrub was always greater than that of herbs; Analyzing the diversity of different slopes indicated concave > flat > convex in the same shrub and herb layer. However in different aspects, the diversity of shrubs displayed shady shrub > semi-shady slope > sunny,and the diversity of herbs displayed semi-shady slope > shady > sunny. The diversity of the shrub was always greater than herbs' diversity. Thus,It could be concluded that in the arid valley of the Bailong River shrubs were dominated ecosystems.
In this paper,analysis mas made of the diversity of shrubs and important herbs in arid valleys of the Bailong River in Gansu Province. The feature of changes in α diversity with elevation increasing showed that both diversity and richness indexes of shrubs slightly increased at first, then decreased and rose in the end, while evenness and dominance indexes changed little. Changes in the indexes of herbs and shrubs were similar,at the same altitude the diversity of shrub was always greater than that of herbs; Analyzing the diversity of different slopes indicated concave > flat > convex in the same shrub and herb layer. However in different aspects, the diversity of shrubs displayed shady shrub > semi-shady slope > sunny,and the diversity of herbs displayed semi-shady slope > shady > sunny. The diversity of the shrub was always greater than herbs' diversity. Thus,It could be concluded that in the arid valley of the Bailong River shrubs were dominated ecosystems.
2015, 36(6): 52-56.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2015.06.009
Abstract:
After investigating Abies fabri plantations in Baoxing, analysis was made of their community structure, biomass,productivity and carbon density. The result showed that 1) The Abies fabri plantation accounted for 51.7% of the tolal forest, the Picea asperata plantation accounted for 31.1%, therefore, belonging mixed the Abies fabri and Picea asperata forest; 2) the arerage height of tree layer was 16.6 metres. 3) the important value of Abies fabri was 47.92, which was the largest of the entire tree layer.; 4) Abies forest's NPP was 14.02 t·hm-2·a-1, higher than other Abies forests in Sichuan; 5) the Abies fabri plantation's carbon density (437.7373 t·hm-2) was little different compared to the average nationwide carbon density (463.59 t·hm-2), but the proportion of soil carbon density was small.
After investigating Abies fabri plantations in Baoxing, analysis was made of their community structure, biomass,productivity and carbon density. The result showed that 1) The Abies fabri plantation accounted for 51.7% of the tolal forest, the Picea asperata plantation accounted for 31.1%, therefore, belonging mixed the Abies fabri and Picea asperata forest; 2) the arerage height of tree layer was 16.6 metres. 3) the important value of Abies fabri was 47.92, which was the largest of the entire tree layer.; 4) Abies forest's NPP was 14.02 t·hm-2·a-1, higher than other Abies forests in Sichuan; 5) the Abies fabri plantation's carbon density (437.7373 t·hm-2) was little different compared to the average nationwide carbon density (463.59 t·hm-2), but the proportion of soil carbon density was small.
2015, 36(6): 57-61.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2015.06.010
Abstract:
Studies were made of the stand spatial structure of mixed Pinus armandii Forest of different tree species in central Yunnan Plateau by means of three parameters,including the mingling intensity,uniform angle index and neighborhood comparison. The results showed that forest space isolation level was from low to high along with the fall of the tree species composition factor. The mixed degree of the stand was weak and zero when the composition factor was more than 6; The mixed degree of the stand was between middle and intensive when the composition factor was less than 6; The dominant tree species, Pinus armandii,was close to moderate mixture, and the rest species were intensive mixture. All of the stand belonged to the aggregate distribution; Average neighborhood comparison was between 0.47 to 0.51, belonging to the medium level. In general,the stand would grow more stable and better if the dominant tree species composition factor was low and the composition factor of each species was uniform.
Studies were made of the stand spatial structure of mixed Pinus armandii Forest of different tree species in central Yunnan Plateau by means of three parameters,including the mingling intensity,uniform angle index and neighborhood comparison. The results showed that forest space isolation level was from low to high along with the fall of the tree species composition factor. The mixed degree of the stand was weak and zero when the composition factor was more than 6; The mixed degree of the stand was between middle and intensive when the composition factor was less than 6; The dominant tree species, Pinus armandii,was close to moderate mixture, and the rest species were intensive mixture. All of the stand belonged to the aggregate distribution; Average neighborhood comparison was between 0.47 to 0.51, belonging to the medium level. In general,the stand would grow more stable and better if the dominant tree species composition factor was low and the composition factor of each species was uniform.
2015, 36(6): 62-68.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2015.06.011
Abstract:
In this study,according to the characteristic distribution area of edible forest product resources. Three regions (A, B, and C) were selected, and the characteristic edible forest products including walnuts,zanthoxylums and bamboo shoots were taken as research targets to carry out a sampling investigation on the products and forest soil,so that analysis was made of the risk of edible forest product quality safety factors. The results showed that:there were almost no pesticide residues in the walnut samples; the pesticide residues existed in the zanthoxylum samples but were under the standard; and the bamboo shoot samples were excessively sprayed with pesticides regionally, which were partly beyond standard. The heavy metal index contents of the three edible forest product samples in different areas had certain differences, which were relative to the heavy metal contents of their forest soil as a result of geological factors of some mining areas.
In this study,according to the characteristic distribution area of edible forest product resources. Three regions (A, B, and C) were selected, and the characteristic edible forest products including walnuts,zanthoxylums and bamboo shoots were taken as research targets to carry out a sampling investigation on the products and forest soil,so that analysis was made of the risk of edible forest product quality safety factors. The results showed that:there were almost no pesticide residues in the walnut samples; the pesticide residues existed in the zanthoxylum samples but were under the standard; and the bamboo shoot samples were excessively sprayed with pesticides regionally, which were partly beyond standard. The heavy metal index contents of the three edible forest product samples in different areas had certain differences, which were relative to the heavy metal contents of their forest soil as a result of geological factors of some mining areas.
2015, 36(6): 69-73.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2015.06.012
Abstract:
In this paper,studies were made of the social and economic benefits in the Defarming-and-afforestation Project in Chongqing by use of the method of qualitative analysis and quantitative evaluation since the project implementation. Through household survey and statistical study in 13 observed districts and counties,the result showed that after the implementation of the Defarming-and-afforessation Project, land structure was optimized and development of agricultural economy was stable; At the same time, the Project promoted transfer of the rural surplus laborers and increased the farmers' income continuously.
In this paper,studies were made of the social and economic benefits in the Defarming-and-afforestation Project in Chongqing by use of the method of qualitative analysis and quantitative evaluation since the project implementation. Through household survey and statistical study in 13 observed districts and counties,the result showed that after the implementation of the Defarming-and-afforessation Project, land structure was optimized and development of agricultural economy was stable; At the same time, the Project promoted transfer of the rural surplus laborers and increased the farmers' income continuously.
2015, 36(6): 74-76.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2015.06.013
Abstract:
2015, 36(6): 77-80.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2015.06.014
Abstract:
In this paper,through the system analysis of color-leafed bougainvillea germplasm resources in China,a classification system is proposed to covering all types of existing color-leafed bougainvillea. Moreover,studies are made of the mode of garden application of colored-leaf bougainvillea according to the practice of garden application in order to faciliate the extension,application,communication of color-leafed bougainvillea.
In this paper,through the system analysis of color-leafed bougainvillea germplasm resources in China,a classification system is proposed to covering all types of existing color-leafed bougainvillea. Moreover,studies are made of the mode of garden application of colored-leaf bougainvillea according to the practice of garden application in order to faciliate the extension,application,communication of color-leafed bougainvillea.
2015, 36(6): 81-84.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2015.06.015
Abstract:
Based on long-term observation data of forestry ecosystem positioning research station, forest benefit monitoring data,investigation data of forest resources,public data from the authorities,the evaluation model of forest ecosystem service function evaluation standard(LY/T1721-2008) was adopted to evaluate the values of the forest-land forest ecosystem service function in the natural forest protectoin area in Shanxi province in 2014. The results showed that their values was 630.73 billion yuan per hectar among them, water conservation value accounted for 27.95%, biological diversity protection value for 18.40%,soil conservation value for 17.94%,fixing carbon and releasing oxygen value for 13.93%, forest protection value for 7.29%, purifying environment valut for 6.77%, forest recreation value for 5.64%,and accumulation nutrients value for 2.09%. The values of the ecosystem services were in the following order:water conservation,biological diversity protection, soil conservation, fixing carbon and releasing oxygen,forest protection,purifying environment,forest recreation and accumulation nutrients.
Based on long-term observation data of forestry ecosystem positioning research station, forest benefit monitoring data,investigation data of forest resources,public data from the authorities,the evaluation model of forest ecosystem service function evaluation standard(LY/T1721-2008) was adopted to evaluate the values of the forest-land forest ecosystem service function in the natural forest protectoin area in Shanxi province in 2014. The results showed that their values was 630.73 billion yuan per hectar among them, water conservation value accounted for 27.95%, biological diversity protection value for 18.40%,soil conservation value for 17.94%,fixing carbon and releasing oxygen value for 13.93%, forest protection value for 7.29%, purifying environment valut for 6.77%, forest recreation value for 5.64%,and accumulation nutrients value for 2.09%. The values of the ecosystem services were in the following order:water conservation,biological diversity protection, soil conservation, fixing carbon and releasing oxygen,forest protection,purifying environment,forest recreation and accumulation nutrients.
2015, 36(6): 85-89.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2015.06.016
Abstract:
In this paper,Liriodendron provenance forest at the age of twenty-two in Qionglai National Forest Farm in Sichuan province was taken as the research object,the main growth traits such as tree height (H), diameter at breast height (DBH),volume (V),height under branch(HB) and crown width(CW) were determined in order to analyze the genetic variation and conduct the selection of its provenance. The results showed that there were statistically significant difference in H,DBH,and V among different provenances,while there were significant difference in HB,and CW. The average H,average DBH,average V, average CW and average HB of 9 provenances were 12.44 m,20.20 cm,0.2182 m3,3.18 m and 8.35 m respectively. The elevation level had a significant influence on the DBH growth of Liriodendron. The hereditabilities of tree height, DBH, volume of tree, CW and HB were 0.856, 0.847, 0.806, 0.576 and 0.547,which indicated that the growth traits were strongly controlled by genetic factors. Three superior provenances Liping Guizhou,Xuyong Sichuan and America A, were selected by synthetic evaluation. The selected provenances' genetic increments of DBH, H and stem volume were 19.56%, 6.60% and 35.36% respectively. Six superior individuals were selected out by comprehensive appraisal,whose average DBH,H and stem volume were 30.4 cm,15.17 m and 0.5230 m3 respectively, and exceeded the population means of 22.09%,14.47% and 66.63% respectively. This study provided the material conditions and theoretical basis for the cultivation and popularization of Liriodendron in Sichuan region.
In this paper,Liriodendron provenance forest at the age of twenty-two in Qionglai National Forest Farm in Sichuan province was taken as the research object,the main growth traits such as tree height (H), diameter at breast height (DBH),volume (V),height under branch(HB) and crown width(CW) were determined in order to analyze the genetic variation and conduct the selection of its provenance. The results showed that there were statistically significant difference in H,DBH,and V among different provenances,while there were significant difference in HB,and CW. The average H,average DBH,average V, average CW and average HB of 9 provenances were 12.44 m,20.20 cm,0.2182 m3,3.18 m and 8.35 m respectively. The elevation level had a significant influence on the DBH growth of Liriodendron. The hereditabilities of tree height, DBH, volume of tree, CW and HB were 0.856, 0.847, 0.806, 0.576 and 0.547,which indicated that the growth traits were strongly controlled by genetic factors. Three superior provenances Liping Guizhou,Xuyong Sichuan and America A, were selected by synthetic evaluation. The selected provenances' genetic increments of DBH, H and stem volume were 19.56%, 6.60% and 35.36% respectively. Six superior individuals were selected out by comprehensive appraisal,whose average DBH,H and stem volume were 30.4 cm,15.17 m and 0.5230 m3 respectively, and exceeded the population means of 22.09%,14.47% and 66.63% respectively. This study provided the material conditions and theoretical basis for the cultivation and popularization of Liriodendron in Sichuan region.
2015, 36(6): 90-92.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2015.06.017
Abstract:
In this paper, studies were made of reactions of B. papyrifera seed germination to temperature and water stress by means of the artificial simulation method. The results showed that the germination rate and germination index were the highest in 20/10℃, which reached 90% and 19.04, and 20/10℃ was the suitable germination temperature; the water potential range was 0~-0.6 MPa,and as the water stress aggravated,the germination percentage and germination speed would decrease. When the water potential was below -0.86 MPa,seeds could not germinate.
In this paper, studies were made of reactions of B. papyrifera seed germination to temperature and water stress by means of the artificial simulation method. The results showed that the germination rate and germination index were the highest in 20/10℃, which reached 90% and 19.04, and 20/10℃ was the suitable germination temperature; the water potential range was 0~-0.6 MPa,and as the water stress aggravated,the germination percentage and germination speed would decrease. When the water potential was below -0.86 MPa,seeds could not germinate.
2015, 36(6): 93-94,26.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2015.06.018
Abstract:
In this paper,researches were conducted on the influence of temporal and spatial distribution on essential oil content from Cinnamomum longepaniculatum. The result found that the maximum essential oil content in Cinnamomum longepaniculatum was in April,then kept at stable level from June to November. In April,C. longepaniculatum at the age of 11 to 20 had significantly higher oil rate. The oil rate of C. longepaniculatum on positive edge was higher than that on the negative edge. The altitude had no obvious effect on the content of essential oil in Cinnamomum longepaniculatum.
In this paper,researches were conducted on the influence of temporal and spatial distribution on essential oil content from Cinnamomum longepaniculatum. The result found that the maximum essential oil content in Cinnamomum longepaniculatum was in April,then kept at stable level from June to November. In April,C. longepaniculatum at the age of 11 to 20 had significantly higher oil rate. The oil rate of C. longepaniculatum on positive edge was higher than that on the negative edge. The altitude had no obvious effect on the content of essential oil in Cinnamomum longepaniculatum.
2015, 36(6): 95-99.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2015.06.019
Abstract:
Taking bambusa pervariabilis×Dendrocalamopsis grandis as the research object, studies were made of its high-yield cultivation technology through different levels of parallel experiments and by adopting integrated cultivation measures such as afforestation methods and control of plant diseases and insect pests and so on. The results indicated that influences of different cultivation measures had various influenees influence on sprout shoot rate, mature bamboo rate., the different rational cutting measures produced a very significant influence on the average annual cut of B×Dendrocalamopsis grandis.
Taking bambusa pervariabilis×Dendrocalamopsis grandis as the research object, studies were made of its high-yield cultivation technology through different levels of parallel experiments and by adopting integrated cultivation measures such as afforestation methods and control of plant diseases and insect pests and so on. The results indicated that influences of different cultivation measures had various influenees influence on sprout shoot rate, mature bamboo rate., the different rational cutting measures produced a very significant influence on the average annual cut of B×Dendrocalamopsis grandis.
2015, 36(6): 100-103.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2015.06.020
Abstract:
In recent years,the larvae of Chilades pandava (Horfield) harming cycads is increasing year by year in Panzhihua areas and traditional chemical method cannot thoronghly control it. To seek more effective control agent,in this study,6 kinds of biological pesticides were selected to conduct tests on their control effect on larvae of Chilades pandava. The results showed that Jin Dewei. Wax melting (matrine), shenghong. B. Thuringiensis,Abamectin and Mineral oil had an evident control effect, so they could be widely used in panzhihua areas.
In recent years,the larvae of Chilades pandava (Horfield) harming cycads is increasing year by year in Panzhihua areas and traditional chemical method cannot thoronghly control it. To seek more effective control agent,in this study,6 kinds of biological pesticides were selected to conduct tests on their control effect on larvae of Chilades pandava. The results showed that Jin Dewei. Wax melting (matrine), shenghong. B. Thuringiensis,Abamectin and Mineral oil had an evident control effect, so they could be widely used in panzhihua areas.
2015, 36(6): 104-106.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2015.06.021
Abstract:
2015, 36(6): 107-116,31.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2015.06.022
Abstract:
In this paper, provenance selection, seedling rapid propagation cultivation, and management, plant diseases and insect pests prevention and control of Zanthoxylum Japonica are summarized on the basis of on-the-spot observation, training, communication and discussion. Besides,the idea and trend of development, operation and management level, business ideas, technologies and methods, etc. of Zanthoxylum Japonica will be valuable references for the promotion of prickly ash breeding, grafting seedling promotion,dwarfing close planting and management and industry healthy development in Sichuan.
In this paper, provenance selection, seedling rapid propagation cultivation, and management, plant diseases and insect pests prevention and control of Zanthoxylum Japonica are summarized on the basis of on-the-spot observation, training, communication and discussion. Besides,the idea and trend of development, operation and management level, business ideas, technologies and methods, etc. of Zanthoxylum Japonica will be valuable references for the promotion of prickly ash breeding, grafting seedling promotion,dwarfing close planting and management and industry healthy development in Sichuan.
2015, 36(6): 117-120.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2015.06.023
Abstract:
Forest eco-tourism,a new type of tourism industry, is on the upgrade internationally. There are rich and unique resources and special advantage for developping forest eco-tourism in Guangyuan City. In this paper,analysis is made of the advantages and disadvantages and opportunities as well as threats of forest ecological tourism by using the SWOT method in Guangyuan City. Furthermore,some strategies and suggestions are proposed for promoting forest eco-tourism development.
Forest eco-tourism,a new type of tourism industry, is on the upgrade internationally. There are rich and unique resources and special advantage for developping forest eco-tourism in Guangyuan City. In this paper,analysis is made of the advantages and disadvantages and opportunities as well as threats of forest ecological tourism by using the SWOT method in Guangyuan City. Furthermore,some strategies and suggestions are proposed for promoting forest eco-tourism development.
2015, 36(6): 121-123,39.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2015.06.024
Abstract:
On the basis of investigations, quantitative evaluation was firstly conducted on the tourism resource of Gaoshiti Forest Park by directly described methed, and then six functional landscape areas of Gaoshiti Forest Park were designed based on development conditions,principles and forest park character, finally some development countermeasures and suggestions were put forward,aiming to provide the theory evidence for the rational planning and development of the forest park.
On the basis of investigations, quantitative evaluation was firstly conducted on the tourism resource of Gaoshiti Forest Park by directly described methed, and then six functional landscape areas of Gaoshiti Forest Park were designed based on development conditions,principles and forest park character, finally some development countermeasures and suggestions were put forward,aiming to provide the theory evidence for the rational planning and development of the forest park.
2015, 36(6): 124-127.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2015.06.025
Abstract:
Based on the real situation of Jiangyou forestry industry and forest resource, it is put forward that use is made of its resource advantage to catch hold of chances of the " two big projects" (the national implementation of wild animal and plant protection and the nature protection area building projects),and focus on the forest food,herbal medicine,byproducts,bamboo and rattan,flowers and seedlings,forest park and so on,thus promoting the feasibility of enhancing the forest product industry competitive ability and forestry sustainable development in Jiangyou City.
Based on the real situation of Jiangyou forestry industry and forest resource, it is put forward that use is made of its resource advantage to catch hold of chances of the " two big projects" (the national implementation of wild animal and plant protection and the nature protection area building projects),and focus on the forest food,herbal medicine,byproducts,bamboo and rattan,flowers and seedlings,forest park and so on,thus promoting the feasibility of enhancing the forest product industry competitive ability and forestry sustainable development in Jiangyou City.
2015, 36(6): 128-129,51.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2015.06.026
Abstract:
2015, 36(6): 130-133.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2015.06.027
Abstract:
With the method of the field investigation,studies were made of plant flora for urban greening in Chuxiong city. The results showed that there were 36 families, 68 genera and 104 species of urban green plants in Chuxiong City, including 7 families and 16 species of gymnosperms,and 29 families and 88 species of angiosperms. There were 22.22% world distribution,52.78% pan-tropical and 22.23% temperate in flora group of Chuxiong city,and China-specific was Ginkgo biloba. With respect to generic flora group, the world distribution, pan-tropical and temperate accounted for 5.88%、42.65% and 50%,1 endemic genus to China accounted for 1.47%. The researches showed that the plant diversity of urban greening was low,and native plants were few as well.
With the method of the field investigation,studies were made of plant flora for urban greening in Chuxiong city. The results showed that there were 36 families, 68 genera and 104 species of urban green plants in Chuxiong City, including 7 families and 16 species of gymnosperms,and 29 families and 88 species of angiosperms. There were 22.22% world distribution,52.78% pan-tropical and 22.23% temperate in flora group of Chuxiong city,and China-specific was Ginkgo biloba. With respect to generic flora group, the world distribution, pan-tropical and temperate accounted for 5.88%、42.65% and 50%,1 endemic genus to China accounted for 1.47%. The researches showed that the plant diversity of urban greening was low,and native plants were few as well.
2015, 36(6): 134-136,46.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2015.06.028
Abstract:
2015, 36(6): 137-138,76.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2015.06.029
Abstract:
2015, 36(6): 139-141.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2015.06.030
Abstract:
Pometia tomentosa is one kind of precious native timber tree species,which uniquely growes in Yunnan,and is one of the third-class protected plants of China. It also is the dominant tree species of tropical rain forest in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan. Due to the massive harvesting, it is difficult to find wild resources of P. Tomentosa. In this paper,a description is given of the morphological and biological characteristics,and a discussion is made of the relevant techniques of seed collection,storage,cultivation of container seedlings and afforestation.
Pometia tomentosa is one kind of precious native timber tree species,which uniquely growes in Yunnan,and is one of the third-class protected plants of China. It also is the dominant tree species of tropical rain forest in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan. Due to the massive harvesting, it is difficult to find wild resources of P. Tomentosa. In this paper,a description is given of the morphological and biological characteristics,and a discussion is made of the relevant techniques of seed collection,storage,cultivation of container seedlings and afforestation.
