2020 Vol. 41 Issue 1
2020 Vol. 41, No. 1 Catalogue
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2020, 41(1): 1-4.
doi: 10.12172/201911180001
Abstract:
The aim of this study was to systematically compare branch prickles, leaf prickles and fruiting characteristics of ‘Danlin No.1’ and ‘Danlin No.2’, which were selected as test Zanthoxylum armatum DC. materials with fewer prickles. The results showed that (1) the prickle number, prickle width and prickle length-width ratio of ‘Danlin No.1’ and ‘Danlin No.2’ were significantly different from the control, and the differences between them were not significant. The number of prickles on branches was 72.72% and 70.91% lower than CK respectively. There were significant differences among ‘Danlin No.1’, ‘Danlin No.2’ and CK at prickle length and prickle distance. The prickle distance was 81.14% and 37.96% higher than CK respectively. (2) The number of compound leaf leaflets of ‘Danlin No. 1’ and ‘Danlin No. 2’ was three at most cases, with no prickle on leaves and rachis. But CK compound leaf leaflets were mainly five, with tiny leaf prickles. (3) There were significant differences in ear length and ear width among ‘Danlin No.1’, ‘Danlin No.2’ and CK, with ‘Danlin No.2’ having the largest ear length and ear width, which were 12.54 cm and 7.87 cm respectively. ‘Danlin No.1’ and ‘Danlin No.2’ had no prickle cluster, and the average number of fruit was between 98 and 101, which was significantly different from CK.
The aim of this study was to systematically compare branch prickles, leaf prickles and fruiting characteristics of ‘Danlin No.1’ and ‘Danlin No.2’, which were selected as test Zanthoxylum armatum DC. materials with fewer prickles. The results showed that (1) the prickle number, prickle width and prickle length-width ratio of ‘Danlin No.1’ and ‘Danlin No.2’ were significantly different from the control, and the differences between them were not significant. The number of prickles on branches was 72.72% and 70.91% lower than CK respectively. There were significant differences among ‘Danlin No.1’, ‘Danlin No.2’ and CK at prickle length and prickle distance. The prickle distance was 81.14% and 37.96% higher than CK respectively. (2) The number of compound leaf leaflets of ‘Danlin No. 1’ and ‘Danlin No. 2’ was three at most cases, with no prickle on leaves and rachis. But CK compound leaf leaflets were mainly five, with tiny leaf prickles. (3) There were significant differences in ear length and ear width among ‘Danlin No.1’, ‘Danlin No.2’ and CK, with ‘Danlin No.2’ having the largest ear length and ear width, which were 12.54 cm and 7.87 cm respectively. ‘Danlin No.1’ and ‘Danlin No.2’ had no prickle cluster, and the average number of fruit was between 98 and 101, which was significantly different from CK.
2020, 41(1): 5-10.
doi: 10.12172/201910290001
Abstract:
Mountain forest in Western Sichuan is an important part of water conservation forests in Southwest of China, and Picea asperata Mast. plantation is one of main types. Clarifying its water conservation capacity and its influencing factors are very important to regional ecological security. In order to explore the effects of forest age on ground cover and soil hydrological function of Picea asperata Mast. plantation in the sub-alpine region of western Sichuan, a comparative study was carried out. The Moss, litter and soil samples of Picea asperata Mast. forest at different ages (20-year-old, 30-year -old and 40-year-old) were investigated and sampled, then the hydrological function of those samples were analyzed. The result showed that (1) tree biomass and shrub coverage increased, but grass coverage decreased with increasing plantation age. Shannon-weiner index of shrub and grass both firstly deceased and then increased. (2) Meanwhile, hydrological function of moss played a dominant role in forest ground cover, and the moss accumulated mass (CM) firstly deceased and then increased, but there were no significant difference on maximum water holding rate (MWHR) and maximum water holding capacity (MWHC). However, MWHR and MWHC of litter increased significantly with forest ages, and maybe this was related to changed light, atmosphere and soil humidity conditions with increasing forest ages. (3) Finally, soil density decreased with increasing forest age, mainly due to the increase of forest biodiversity, shrub coverage and moss accumulation. (4) In summary, community structure of Picea asperata Mast. plantation with 2 300 plants per hectare was gradually complicated, soil texture was gradually improved, and hydrological effects were also enhanced. A long-term study is needed to further investigate the Picea asperata Mast. plantation age effects on hydrological and ecological function.
Mountain forest in Western Sichuan is an important part of water conservation forests in Southwest of China, and Picea asperata Mast. plantation is one of main types. Clarifying its water conservation capacity and its influencing factors are very important to regional ecological security. In order to explore the effects of forest age on ground cover and soil hydrological function of Picea asperata Mast. plantation in the sub-alpine region of western Sichuan, a comparative study was carried out. The Moss, litter and soil samples of Picea asperata Mast. forest at different ages (20-year-old, 30-year -old and 40-year-old) were investigated and sampled, then the hydrological function of those samples were analyzed. The result showed that (1) tree biomass and shrub coverage increased, but grass coverage decreased with increasing plantation age. Shannon-weiner index of shrub and grass both firstly deceased and then increased. (2) Meanwhile, hydrological function of moss played a dominant role in forest ground cover, and the moss accumulated mass (CM) firstly deceased and then increased, but there were no significant difference on maximum water holding rate (MWHR) and maximum water holding capacity (MWHC). However, MWHR and MWHC of litter increased significantly with forest ages, and maybe this was related to changed light, atmosphere and soil humidity conditions with increasing forest ages. (3) Finally, soil density decreased with increasing forest age, mainly due to the increase of forest biodiversity, shrub coverage and moss accumulation. (4) In summary, community structure of Picea asperata Mast. plantation with 2 300 plants per hectare was gradually complicated, soil texture was gradually improved, and hydrological effects were also enhanced. A long-term study is needed to further investigate the Picea asperata Mast. plantation age effects on hydrological and ecological function.
2020, 41(1): 11-18.
doi: 10.12172/201909190001
Abstract:
Baihe Nature Reserve is currently the largest, densest and most representative protected area of Sichuan golden snub-nose monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellanae) in the Minshan Mountain Systems of Sichuan Province. Analysis of the ecological landscape pattern changes before and after the earthquake is beneficial to the protection of species resources. Based on the geographic information system and remote sensing data processing software platform, this study combined the key time nodes of the Wenchuan Earthquake in 2008 and the Jiuzhaigou Earthquake in 2017. From 2003 to 2018, every five years the remote sensing images of Landsat5 TM and Landsat8 OLI were selected. The ecological landscape pattern and landscape ecological index were used to analyze the ecological landscape pattern changes of the Baihe Nature Reserve on the horizontal level and the patch type horizontal scale during the 15 years before and after the two earthquakes. The results showed that Baihe Nature Reserve consisted of five landscape types: bare rock, grassland/shrub, temperate coniferous forest, mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest and deciduous broad-leaved forest. Eight landscape indices were selected in Fragstats 4.2 to analyze the ecological landscape pattern of the protected areas from the plaque type level and landscape level. The preliminary analysis revealed that, at the plaque type level the main landscape types of Baihe Nature Reserve in 2003−2018 were mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests, followed by temperate coniferous forests and deciduous broad-leaved forests. Both earthquakes resulted in a decrease in the area of major landscape types, an increase in the number of patches in each landscape type, a decrease in the average area of landscape types, and an increase in the fragmentation of the landscape. At the landscape level, both earthquakes led to a decrease in landscape diversity, a trend towards more complex landscape overall shape, a decrease in landscape spatial heterogeneity, an increase in the gap of each landscape type area proportion, and an imbalance in overall landscape development. Moreover, the present study provides scientific references for monitoring the ecological environment changes before and after earthquakes, ecological restoration and reconstruction after disasters, and habitat conservation of species resources, especially Sichuan golden snub-nose monkeys.
Baihe Nature Reserve is currently the largest, densest and most representative protected area of Sichuan golden snub-nose monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellanae) in the Minshan Mountain Systems of Sichuan Province. Analysis of the ecological landscape pattern changes before and after the earthquake is beneficial to the protection of species resources. Based on the geographic information system and remote sensing data processing software platform, this study combined the key time nodes of the Wenchuan Earthquake in 2008 and the Jiuzhaigou Earthquake in 2017. From 2003 to 2018, every five years the remote sensing images of Landsat5 TM and Landsat8 OLI were selected. The ecological landscape pattern and landscape ecological index were used to analyze the ecological landscape pattern changes of the Baihe Nature Reserve on the horizontal level and the patch type horizontal scale during the 15 years before and after the two earthquakes. The results showed that Baihe Nature Reserve consisted of five landscape types: bare rock, grassland/shrub, temperate coniferous forest, mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest and deciduous broad-leaved forest. Eight landscape indices were selected in Fragstats 4.2 to analyze the ecological landscape pattern of the protected areas from the plaque type level and landscape level. The preliminary analysis revealed that, at the plaque type level the main landscape types of Baihe Nature Reserve in 2003−2018 were mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests, followed by temperate coniferous forests and deciduous broad-leaved forests. Both earthquakes resulted in a decrease in the area of major landscape types, an increase in the number of patches in each landscape type, a decrease in the average area of landscape types, and an increase in the fragmentation of the landscape. At the landscape level, both earthquakes led to a decrease in landscape diversity, a trend towards more complex landscape overall shape, a decrease in landscape spatial heterogeneity, an increase in the gap of each landscape type area proportion, and an imbalance in overall landscape development. Moreover, the present study provides scientific references for monitoring the ecological environment changes before and after earthquakes, ecological restoration and reconstruction after disasters, and habitat conservation of species resources, especially Sichuan golden snub-nose monkeys.
2020, 41(1): 19-26.
doi: 10.12172/201908270001
Abstract:
In order to explore the effects of artificial restoration and natural restoration on soil enzyme activity and soil fertility of highway slopes in southwest mountainous areas, field sampling and laboratory experimental analysis were conducted. In the study areas, eight points were selected and treated by use of different restoration modes. The maximum difference of urease activity by use of different restoration modes had a positive feedback effect on urease activity at most sampling sites by use of natural restoration modes. By use of the natural recovery mode, the urease activity of most sampling sites had a positive feedback effect. The phosphatase activity by use of artificial restoration was lower than that by use of natural restoration. Compared with the other four soil enzyme activities, catalase activity was less affected by different restoration methods. There was a significant correlation between soil fertility indicators and soil enzyme activity by use of any restoration mode. By use of the artificial restoration mode, the negative correlation between eight soil fertility factors and soil enzyme activity was more obvious than the positive correlation. By use of the natural restoration mode, except that the correlation between total potassium and nitrate factors and soil enzyme activity was small, the correlation between other factors was large. Total potassium had a negative correlation with soil enzyme activity, while the other environmental factors had a positive correlation with soil enzyme activity.
In order to explore the effects of artificial restoration and natural restoration on soil enzyme activity and soil fertility of highway slopes in southwest mountainous areas, field sampling and laboratory experimental analysis were conducted. In the study areas, eight points were selected and treated by use of different restoration modes. The maximum difference of urease activity by use of different restoration modes had a positive feedback effect on urease activity at most sampling sites by use of natural restoration modes. By use of the natural recovery mode, the urease activity of most sampling sites had a positive feedback effect. The phosphatase activity by use of artificial restoration was lower than that by use of natural restoration. Compared with the other four soil enzyme activities, catalase activity was less affected by different restoration methods. There was a significant correlation between soil fertility indicators and soil enzyme activity by use of any restoration mode. By use of the artificial restoration mode, the negative correlation between eight soil fertility factors and soil enzyme activity was more obvious than the positive correlation. By use of the natural restoration mode, except that the correlation between total potassium and nitrate factors and soil enzyme activity was small, the correlation between other factors was large. Total potassium had a negative correlation with soil enzyme activity, while the other environmental factors had a positive correlation with soil enzyme activity.
2020, 41(1): 27-35.
doi: 10.12172/201909060002
Abstract:
In order to investigate the spatial-temporal distribution of birds in Mabian Dafengding Nature Reserve, 78 infrared cameras were set up in Mabian Dafengding Nature Reserve from October 2016 to July 2017. There were 530 valid photos of 34 species of birds (belonging to 4 orders and 9 families) taken by infrared cameras, including one species of the national class Ⅰ protected birds: Sichuan partridge (Arborophila rufipectus), and four national class II protected birds: Lady Amherst’s Pheasant (Chrysolophus amherstiae), Silver Pheasant (Lophura nycthemera), Temminck’s Tragopan (Tragopan temminckii), blood pheasant (Ithaginis cruentus). Furthermore, the top five in the Relative Abundance Index (RAI) were Temminck’s Tragopan, Lady Amherst’s Pheasant, Silver Pheasant, Long-tailed Thrush (Zoothera dixoni) and Red-billed Blue Magpie (Urocissa erythroryncha). In temporal distribution, the Relative Abundance of birds was the highest in autumn, then in winter, spring, and summer. In spatial distribution, the majority of the birds preferred to live in the mixed evergreen and broad-leaved forests, and habituated at an altitude of 2 200–2 700 m. The Relative Abundance of some rare protected birds, such as Sichuan Partridge, Blood Pheasant, etc., was relatively low. It is recommended that the Nature Reserve should carry out more comprehensive protection work, such as habitat suitability survey and population dynamic monitoring, in these areas with high bird activities.
In order to investigate the spatial-temporal distribution of birds in Mabian Dafengding Nature Reserve, 78 infrared cameras were set up in Mabian Dafengding Nature Reserve from October 2016 to July 2017. There were 530 valid photos of 34 species of birds (belonging to 4 orders and 9 families) taken by infrared cameras, including one species of the national class Ⅰ protected birds: Sichuan partridge (Arborophila rufipectus), and four national class II protected birds: Lady Amherst’s Pheasant (Chrysolophus amherstiae), Silver Pheasant (Lophura nycthemera), Temminck’s Tragopan (Tragopan temminckii), blood pheasant (Ithaginis cruentus). Furthermore, the top five in the Relative Abundance Index (RAI) were Temminck’s Tragopan, Lady Amherst’s Pheasant, Silver Pheasant, Long-tailed Thrush (Zoothera dixoni) and Red-billed Blue Magpie (Urocissa erythroryncha). In temporal distribution, the Relative Abundance of birds was the highest in autumn, then in winter, spring, and summer. In spatial distribution, the majority of the birds preferred to live in the mixed evergreen and broad-leaved forests, and habituated at an altitude of 2 200–2 700 m. The Relative Abundance of some rare protected birds, such as Sichuan Partridge, Blood Pheasant, etc., was relatively low. It is recommended that the Nature Reserve should carry out more comprehensive protection work, such as habitat suitability survey and population dynamic monitoring, in these areas with high bird activities.
2020, 41(1): 36-43.
doi: 10.12172/201911190001
Abstract:
In order to investigate the growth difference by use of different artificial cultivation models of Lilium regale Wilson which were planted in Chengdu Plain climate conditions. The 6-year-old seedlings were selected as the experimental materials, which were planted by use of four different cultivation models, i.e. ground seedbed in the sunlight greenhouse (PD), nutrition pot in the sunlight greenhouse (PB), outdoor field (LD), and nutrition pot in the outdoor field (LB). Phenology and 11 growth indexes were determined. The correlation analysis and principal component analysis were used to study the interrelation among the 11 growth indexes and comprehensively evaluate the four different cultivation models. The results showed that (1) the phenology before fruit ripening of PD and PB was earlier than that of LD and LB, but the opposite pattern was observed in fruit ripening and withering phenology. Among all the models, PB showed the earliest sprouting and pod ripening phenology, PD had the earliest flowering phenology, and LD has the earliest withering phenology; (2) all the tested 11 growth indexes, such as the ground diameter, plant height and number of flowers per plant showed significant differences (p<0.01) by use of different cultivation models. The number of flowers per plant had the highest coefficient of variation, reaching 427.00%, and the flower diameter had the lowest coefficient of variation, reaching 9.67%; (3) all the 11 growth indexes of Lilium regale by use of four cultivation models showed positive correlation with each other, and the correlation of multiple indexes reached extremely significant level (p<0.01); (4) the principal component analysis of 8 selected indicators showed that the comprehensive score ranking was PD>LD>LB>PB, PD was the best for the growth of Lilium regale.
In order to investigate the growth difference by use of different artificial cultivation models of Lilium regale Wilson which were planted in Chengdu Plain climate conditions. The 6-year-old seedlings were selected as the experimental materials, which were planted by use of four different cultivation models, i.e. ground seedbed in the sunlight greenhouse (PD), nutrition pot in the sunlight greenhouse (PB), outdoor field (LD), and nutrition pot in the outdoor field (LB). Phenology and 11 growth indexes were determined. The correlation analysis and principal component analysis were used to study the interrelation among the 11 growth indexes and comprehensively evaluate the four different cultivation models. The results showed that (1) the phenology before fruit ripening of PD and PB was earlier than that of LD and LB, but the opposite pattern was observed in fruit ripening and withering phenology. Among all the models, PB showed the earliest sprouting and pod ripening phenology, PD had the earliest flowering phenology, and LD has the earliest withering phenology; (2) all the tested 11 growth indexes, such as the ground diameter, plant height and number of flowers per plant showed significant differences (p<0.01) by use of different cultivation models. The number of flowers per plant had the highest coefficient of variation, reaching 427.00%, and the flower diameter had the lowest coefficient of variation, reaching 9.67%; (3) all the 11 growth indexes of Lilium regale by use of four cultivation models showed positive correlation with each other, and the correlation of multiple indexes reached extremely significant level (p<0.01); (4) the principal component analysis of 8 selected indicators showed that the comprehensive score ranking was PD>LD>LB>PB, PD was the best for the growth of Lilium regale.
2020, 41(1): 44-50.
doi: 10.12172/201912020001
Abstract:
In order to investigate the temporal dynamic characteristics of chemical components and relative contents of phytoncide, five types of forest stands, Cupressus funebris, Pinus massoniana, Cryptomeria fortune, Cinnamomum septentrionale and Pleioblastus amarus were chosen as the research object in Sichuan province. And the VOCs from the five forest stands were sampled in February, May, August, November in 2018. Then the chemical components and their relative content in the VOCs were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The results showed that (1) endogenous terpenes and exogenous alkanes were the main components of VOCs in the forest stands; (2) eucalyptus oleoresin and (+)-Dipentene were the main components of phytoncide in all samples, and other terpenes were occasionally detected; (3) the relative content of phytoncide increased at first and then decreased, with the highest in May and August; (4) the relative content of phytoncide in the Cupressus funebris stand was significantly lower than that in other forest stands in May and August; (5) the relative content of phytoncide in the Cryptomeria fortune stand was significantly higher than that in other forest stands in November.
In order to investigate the temporal dynamic characteristics of chemical components and relative contents of phytoncide, five types of forest stands, Cupressus funebris, Pinus massoniana, Cryptomeria fortune, Cinnamomum septentrionale and Pleioblastus amarus were chosen as the research object in Sichuan province. And the VOCs from the five forest stands were sampled in February, May, August, November in 2018. Then the chemical components and their relative content in the VOCs were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The results showed that (1) endogenous terpenes and exogenous alkanes were the main components of VOCs in the forest stands; (2) eucalyptus oleoresin and (+)-Dipentene were the main components of phytoncide in all samples, and other terpenes were occasionally detected; (3) the relative content of phytoncide increased at first and then decreased, with the highest in May and August; (4) the relative content of phytoncide in the Cupressus funebris stand was significantly lower than that in other forest stands in May and August; (5) the relative content of phytoncide in the Cryptomeria fortune stand was significantly higher than that in other forest stands in November.
2020, 41(1): 51-55.
doi: 10.12172/201910120001
Abstract:
The space-for-time substitution method was used in this study, i.e. under identical or similar site conditions within a certain spatial scale, the mobile sands with different treatment years in different locations were selected to substitute for the mobile sands with different restoration years in the same growth location. In oder to clarify the effects of different vegetation restoration years on soil mechanical composition, four types of treatment were selected in the demonstration area of Ruoergai county, i.e. non-controlled alpine mobile sand dunes, the controlled sand dunes with three-, five- and ten-years of ecological restoration. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the content of soil particles between the sand dunes and the grassland soils. With the increase of treatment time, the content of fine particles such as clay and silt in the sand dunes gradually increased. And soil particles at different depths gradually improved to be finer in the surface layer than in the lower layer, which might be caused by the restoration of surface vegetation. After 10 years of sand desertification, the soil in the sand dunes had been improved to a certain extent. However, from this study, it could be seen that the soil formation process was a very slow process and the prevention was more important than vegetation restoration in the alpine regions. Therefore, we should continue to strengthen the protection and management of ecosystems in the fragile area, so as to avoid the difficult restoration of soil ecological environment caused by soil desertification.
The space-for-time substitution method was used in this study, i.e. under identical or similar site conditions within a certain spatial scale, the mobile sands with different treatment years in different locations were selected to substitute for the mobile sands with different restoration years in the same growth location. In oder to clarify the effects of different vegetation restoration years on soil mechanical composition, four types of treatment were selected in the demonstration area of Ruoergai county, i.e. non-controlled alpine mobile sand dunes, the controlled sand dunes with three-, five- and ten-years of ecological restoration. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the content of soil particles between the sand dunes and the grassland soils. With the increase of treatment time, the content of fine particles such as clay and silt in the sand dunes gradually increased. And soil particles at different depths gradually improved to be finer in the surface layer than in the lower layer, which might be caused by the restoration of surface vegetation. After 10 years of sand desertification, the soil in the sand dunes had been improved to a certain extent. However, from this study, it could be seen that the soil formation process was a very slow process and the prevention was more important than vegetation restoration in the alpine regions. Therefore, we should continue to strengthen the protection and management of ecosystems in the fragile area, so as to avoid the difficult restoration of soil ecological environment caused by soil desertification.
2020, 41(1): 56-60.
doi: 10.12172/201910050001
Abstract:
The correlation analysis, the mean ± standard deviation method and principal components analysis (PCA) were used to evaluate the quality and seedling classification of Melaleuca leucadendron. cutting propagation, which were introduced and cultivated in Qianwei County, Sichuan province. The results showed that (1) the seedling quality might be evaluated by the seedling height (H), ground diameter (D) and the plant biomass as the phenotypic indexes. Moreover, some indices such as the main root number and the root length were subsidiary index for evaluating the quality. (2) The seedling height and ground diameter were put forward as the quality indexes of seedling classification of this tree species, and the three grade classification standards of Melaleuca leucadendron. cutting propagation were obtained. Grade I seedlings: seedling height＞17.66 cm, ground diameter＞1.98 mm; Grade II seedlings: the seedling height was 11.48–17.66 cm, the ground diameter was 1.36–1.98 mm; Grade Ⅲ seedlings: the seedling height＜11.48 cm, ground diameter＜1.36 mm. The results could provide some theoretical basis for the classification and screening of Melaleuca leucadendron. seedlings.
The correlation analysis, the mean ± standard deviation method and principal components analysis (PCA) were used to evaluate the quality and seedling classification of Melaleuca leucadendron. cutting propagation, which were introduced and cultivated in Qianwei County, Sichuan province. The results showed that (1) the seedling quality might be evaluated by the seedling height (H), ground diameter (D) and the plant biomass as the phenotypic indexes. Moreover, some indices such as the main root number and the root length were subsidiary index for evaluating the quality. (2) The seedling height and ground diameter were put forward as the quality indexes of seedling classification of this tree species, and the three grade classification standards of Melaleuca leucadendron. cutting propagation were obtained. Grade I seedlings: seedling height＞17.66 cm, ground diameter＞1.98 mm; Grade II seedlings: the seedling height was 11.48–17.66 cm, the ground diameter was 1.36–1.98 mm; Grade Ⅲ seedlings: the seedling height＜11.48 cm, ground diameter＜1.36 mm. The results could provide some theoretical basis for the classification and screening of Melaleuca leucadendron. seedlings.
2020, 41(1): 61-65.
doi: 10.12172/201911040003
Abstract:
In order to provide theoretical basis for scientific and reasonable fertilization management in seedling cultivation, studies were made of effects of different application amount of nitrogen fertilizer on the physiological characteristics of 4-years-old Acer truncatum in the field conditions. There were four nitrogen fertilizer application rates: 0 g·plant−1 (CK, Y1), 8 g·plant−1 (Y2), 16 g·plant−1 (Y3) and 24 g·plant−1 (Y4), respectively. The potassium fertilizer application rate was 10 g·plant−1 for all the nitrogen fertilizer treatment. The experiment was conducted in a simple plot design with 3 repetitions. The results showed that 1) from May to September, the chlorophyll content of Y3 increased by 41.19%, 96.20%, 116.89%, 135.20%, 31.92% respectively as compared with the control. And there was no significant difference between Y4 and Y3, and Y3 was significantly higher than Y2. 2) In June, August and September, the flavone content of Y3 increased by 2.98%, 9.36% and 5.01% respectively as compared with Y4, displaying no significant difference. Y3 was significantly higher than Y2 and the control. 3) From May to August, the NR (nitrate reductase) activity of Y3 increased by 40.59%, 35.53%, 37.76%, 46.21% respectively as compared with the control. There was no significant difference between Y4 and Y3. 4) From May to July, soluble protein contents of Y1, Y2 and Y3 were significant higher than those of the control. From August to September, soluble protein content of Y3 was higher than that of the control, increasing by 26.53% and 14.41% respectively. In summary, Y3 treatment was the recommended fertilization treatment in the seedling cultivation of Acer truncatum.
In order to provide theoretical basis for scientific and reasonable fertilization management in seedling cultivation, studies were made of effects of different application amount of nitrogen fertilizer on the physiological characteristics of 4-years-old Acer truncatum in the field conditions. There were four nitrogen fertilizer application rates: 0 g·plant−1 (CK, Y1), 8 g·plant−1 (Y2), 16 g·plant−1 (Y3) and 24 g·plant−1 (Y4), respectively. The potassium fertilizer application rate was 10 g·plant−1 for all the nitrogen fertilizer treatment. The experiment was conducted in a simple plot design with 3 repetitions. The results showed that 1) from May to September, the chlorophyll content of Y3 increased by 41.19%, 96.20%, 116.89%, 135.20%, 31.92% respectively as compared with the control. And there was no significant difference between Y4 and Y3, and Y3 was significantly higher than Y2. 2) In June, August and September, the flavone content of Y3 increased by 2.98%, 9.36% and 5.01% respectively as compared with Y4, displaying no significant difference. Y3 was significantly higher than Y2 and the control. 3) From May to August, the NR (nitrate reductase) activity of Y3 increased by 40.59%, 35.53%, 37.76%, 46.21% respectively as compared with the control. There was no significant difference between Y4 and Y3. 4) From May to July, soluble protein contents of Y1, Y2 and Y3 were significant higher than those of the control. From August to September, soluble protein content of Y3 was higher than that of the control, increasing by 26.53% and 14.41% respectively. In summary, Y3 treatment was the recommended fertilization treatment in the seedling cultivation of Acer truncatum.
2020, 41(1): 66-71.
doi: 10.12172/201909090001
Abstract:
In order to screen out blueberry varieties suitable for planting in Suichang county, four blueberry varieties, namely Sharpblue, O'Neal, Britewell and Climax were selected as test materials by using a complete randomized block design. After five years of planting, the tree height, crown width and yield were compared. The results showed that (1) the Britewell and Sharpblue varieties were obviously superior to the other two varieties, with taller and more luxuriant values. For the Britewell and Sharpblue varieties, the tree height was 149.00 cm and 142.14 cm respectively, the crown width was 162.00 cm and 159.11 cm respectively, and the yield in 200 m2 was 518.70 kg and 505.40 kg respectively. (2) The O'Neal variety had the largest average single fruit diameter and mass (1.52 cm and 1.59 g), but had the lowest yield per unit area (228.90 kg). (3) The suitable planting altitude was 800−1 050 m, and it was necessary to do shading and cooling when they were planted at the altitude of 320 m in summer from July to August. In summary, the Britewell and Sharpblue varieties can be planted and promoted as the main cultivars at the altitude of 800−1 050 m in Suichang county.
In order to screen out blueberry varieties suitable for planting in Suichang county, four blueberry varieties, namely Sharpblue, O'Neal, Britewell and Climax were selected as test materials by using a complete randomized block design. After five years of planting, the tree height, crown width and yield were compared. The results showed that (1) the Britewell and Sharpblue varieties were obviously superior to the other two varieties, with taller and more luxuriant values. For the Britewell and Sharpblue varieties, the tree height was 149.00 cm and 142.14 cm respectively, the crown width was 162.00 cm and 159.11 cm respectively, and the yield in 200 m2 was 518.70 kg and 505.40 kg respectively. (2) The O'Neal variety had the largest average single fruit diameter and mass (1.52 cm and 1.59 g), but had the lowest yield per unit area (228.90 kg). (3) The suitable planting altitude was 800−1 050 m, and it was necessary to do shading and cooling when they were planted at the altitude of 320 m in summer from July to August. In summary, the Britewell and Sharpblue varieties can be planted and promoted as the main cultivars at the altitude of 800−1 050 m in Suichang county.
2020, 41(1): 72-78.
doi: 10.12172/201909220001
Abstract:
In order to investigate the walnut diseases and insect pests, a field investigation was carried out in the artificial walnut plantation in Hanyuan county of Sichuan province. The main results were as follows: 1) There were 30 kinds of walnut insect pests in Hanyuan County, among which the more serious pests were Batocera horsfieldi, Culcula panterinaria, Cnidocampa flavescens, Dichocrocis punctiferalis, Atrijuglans hetaohei, and so on. The common diseases were walnut anthracnosc, walnut black spot, walnut leaf defect. The more potentially harmful pests were walnut wood rot, walnut branch blight, walnut canker, Anoplophora chinensis and Rosalia lameerei, which were harmful to walnut branches. 2) Harmful species of walnut insect pests changed periodically with the change of temperature. When the temperature was 10～30 ℃ in April, the insect pests began to harm the plant, and the disease also began to infect plants. With the increase of temperature, the pests species increased and the harm became more serious. When the temperature was 10～20 ℃ in November, the harmful degree of insect pests decreased and pests began to overwinter. 3) The harmful species and harmful degree of walnut insect pests were related to the planting environmental factors. The harmful degree of pests in mixed plantation of walnuts and four-side trees and walnuts and corn was more serious than that of pure walnut plantation. There were more kinds of harmful organisms in mixed cultivation of walnuts and citrus trees than in pure walnut plantation. This phenomenon might be related to the common harmful pests among mixed plants, and the relevant mechanisms should be further studied.
In order to investigate the walnut diseases and insect pests, a field investigation was carried out in the artificial walnut plantation in Hanyuan county of Sichuan province. The main results were as follows: 1) There were 30 kinds of walnut insect pests in Hanyuan County, among which the more serious pests were Batocera horsfieldi, Culcula panterinaria, Cnidocampa flavescens, Dichocrocis punctiferalis, Atrijuglans hetaohei, and so on. The common diseases were walnut anthracnosc, walnut black spot, walnut leaf defect. The more potentially harmful pests were walnut wood rot, walnut branch blight, walnut canker, Anoplophora chinensis and Rosalia lameerei, which were harmful to walnut branches. 2) Harmful species of walnut insect pests changed periodically with the change of temperature. When the temperature was 10～30 ℃ in April, the insect pests began to harm the plant, and the disease also began to infect plants. With the increase of temperature, the pests species increased and the harm became more serious. When the temperature was 10～20 ℃ in November, the harmful degree of insect pests decreased and pests began to overwinter. 3) The harmful species and harmful degree of walnut insect pests were related to the planting environmental factors. The harmful degree of pests in mixed plantation of walnuts and four-side trees and walnuts and corn was more serious than that of pure walnut plantation. There were more kinds of harmful organisms in mixed cultivation of walnuts and citrus trees than in pure walnut plantation. This phenomenon might be related to the common harmful pests among mixed plants, and the relevant mechanisms should be further studied.
2020, 41(1): 79-83.
doi: 10.12172/201910100002
Abstract:
Seeds of Gleditsia microphylla and Gleditsia sinensis are hard and the seed coat is poor in water permeability, so the germination and seedling rates are very low under natural conditions. Therefore, scraping seed coat at different parts of seed (top, middle, bottom), seed soaking at different temperatures (25 ℃, 37 ℃, 42 ℃) and germinating in different types of soil (clay, sandy soil, nutrient soil) on germination rate were explored under laboratory conditions in this study. The results showed that the seeds had highest germination rates under combined conditions of scraping seed coat at radicle end, then soaking seeds at 37 ℃ for 8h or 16h and germinating in clay. Average germination rate of Gleditsia microphylla reached 88.33% and Average germination rate of Gleditsia sinensis reached 94.33, and the seedlings came out evenly.
Seeds of Gleditsia microphylla and Gleditsia sinensis are hard and the seed coat is poor in water permeability, so the germination and seedling rates are very low under natural conditions. Therefore, scraping seed coat at different parts of seed (top, middle, bottom), seed soaking at different temperatures (25 ℃, 37 ℃, 42 ℃) and germinating in different types of soil (clay, sandy soil, nutrient soil) on germination rate were explored under laboratory conditions in this study. The results showed that the seeds had highest germination rates under combined conditions of scraping seed coat at radicle end, then soaking seeds at 37 ℃ for 8h or 16h and germinating in clay. Average germination rate of Gleditsia microphylla reached 88.33% and Average germination rate of Gleditsia sinensis reached 94.33, and the seedlings came out evenly.
2020, 41(1): 84-89.
doi: 10.12172/201909300001
Abstract:
At present, there are more than 30 years of artificial breeding history of crested ibis in China. Although the artificial breeding technology is becoming more and more mature, there are still many unsolved problems. In this paper, the common problems in the artificial breeding of crested ibis in Sichuan Crested ibis Breeding Base were summarized at first. At the same time, the causes of the problems were analyzed based on practical experiences and existing literatures, and the corresponding solutions and prevention measures were put forward. From 2017 to 2019, a total of 107 crested ibis were successfully bred in Sichuan Crested ibis Breeding Base. And there were 6 abandoned male birds, 78 dead embryos and 94 cases of 8 diseases in brooding period. Based on careful analysis, it could be known that the behavior of egg abandonment might be caused by external interference, while embryo death might be related to the lack of nutrition of parent birds, and most of the diseases during brooding period were mostly caused by improper feeding, poor control of brood environment and malnutrition of nestlings. Therefore, strengthening the management of breeding period and brooding period and improving the nutrition level of crested ibis parents and nestlings were helpful to reduce the problems in artificial breeding of crested ibis.
At present, there are more than 30 years of artificial breeding history of crested ibis in China. Although the artificial breeding technology is becoming more and more mature, there are still many unsolved problems. In this paper, the common problems in the artificial breeding of crested ibis in Sichuan Crested ibis Breeding Base were summarized at first. At the same time, the causes of the problems were analyzed based on practical experiences and existing literatures, and the corresponding solutions and prevention measures were put forward. From 2017 to 2019, a total of 107 crested ibis were successfully bred in Sichuan Crested ibis Breeding Base. And there were 6 abandoned male birds, 78 dead embryos and 94 cases of 8 diseases in brooding period. Based on careful analysis, it could be known that the behavior of egg abandonment might be caused by external interference, while embryo death might be related to the lack of nutrition of parent birds, and most of the diseases during brooding period were mostly caused by improper feeding, poor control of brood environment and malnutrition of nestlings. Therefore, strengthening the management of breeding period and brooding period and improving the nutrition level of crested ibis parents and nestlings were helpful to reduce the problems in artificial breeding of crested ibis.
2020, 41(1): 90-93.
doi: 10.12172/201909200002
Abstract:
Mandarin duck (Aix galericulata) is a medium-sized duck in Anseriformes order and Anatidae family, which belongs to the national second-class protected wild animal. And its main breeding place is in the northeast regions of China. From December 2018 to June 2019, we observed the reproduction of a mandarin duck population residing in Jiange County, Guangyuan City, Sichuan Province. There were 23 (12♂, 11♀) mandarin ducks in this population. We measured two cave nests and four eggs in the No.01 net. The eggs were oval in shape, white in color, with an average weight of 37.92g and an average length and short diameter of 52×38 mm. Because of the invasion of owls, the eggs of mandarin ducks in the No.01 net failed to hatch and reproduce. The breeding of mandarin ducks in the wild has not been reported in Sichuan Province, which adds a new record of residence and breeding grounds for the population of mandarin ducks in the southern provinces.
Mandarin duck (Aix galericulata) is a medium-sized duck in Anseriformes order and Anatidae family, which belongs to the national second-class protected wild animal. And its main breeding place is in the northeast regions of China. From December 2018 to June 2019, we observed the reproduction of a mandarin duck population residing in Jiange County, Guangyuan City, Sichuan Province. There were 23 (12♂, 11♀) mandarin ducks in this population. We measured two cave nests and four eggs in the No.01 net. The eggs were oval in shape, white in color, with an average weight of 37.92g and an average length and short diameter of 52×38 mm. Because of the invasion of owls, the eggs of mandarin ducks in the No.01 net failed to hatch and reproduce. The breeding of mandarin ducks in the wild has not been reported in Sichuan Province, which adds a new record of residence and breeding grounds for the population of mandarin ducks in the southern provinces.
2020, 41(1): 94-99.
doi: 10.12172/201911040001
Abstract:
15 representative parks and 46 typical quadrats were selected from Taiyuan city. M-Godron method was used to determine the stability of selected quadrats. The result of stability was basically consistent with the actual status of Taiyuan city, which showed that the selected stability calculation method was feasible. It could be seen from the results that the stability was closely related to the species richness of the community. The plot with higher stability had higher species richness, and vice versa. The change patterns of both were basically identical. The ratio of shrubs to trees was close to 6:1 in the plots with higher stability, but the ratio was far away from 6:1 in the plots with lower stability. No. 19 (Xuefu park) and No. 27 (Taiyuan forest park) were relatively stable. The plant communities in these two plots were trees, shrubs and grasses, with richer species, with abundant plant species in each layer and reasonable density of plane layout. The community spatial structure of No. 25 (Xihaizi park) and No. 38 (Yuquanshan forest park) quadrats was only trees and herbs, and lacked shrub layer, with lower community richness, serious imbalance of trees and shrubs ratio, higher disturbance of tourists, lower maintenance frequency, lower overall stability of the plots. In summary, in order to ensure the stability of urban park green space community, besides the development and evolution of plant community, appropriate and reasonable artificial management and maintenance were also needed.
15 representative parks and 46 typical quadrats were selected from Taiyuan city. M-Godron method was used to determine the stability of selected quadrats. The result of stability was basically consistent with the actual status of Taiyuan city, which showed that the selected stability calculation method was feasible. It could be seen from the results that the stability was closely related to the species richness of the community. The plot with higher stability had higher species richness, and vice versa. The change patterns of both were basically identical. The ratio of shrubs to trees was close to 6:1 in the plots with higher stability, but the ratio was far away from 6:1 in the plots with lower stability. No. 19 (Xuefu park) and No. 27 (Taiyuan forest park) were relatively stable. The plant communities in these two plots were trees, shrubs and grasses, with richer species, with abundant plant species in each layer and reasonable density of plane layout. The community spatial structure of No. 25 (Xihaizi park) and No. 38 (Yuquanshan forest park) quadrats was only trees and herbs, and lacked shrub layer, with lower community richness, serious imbalance of trees and shrubs ratio, higher disturbance of tourists, lower maintenance frequency, lower overall stability of the plots. In summary, in order to ensure the stability of urban park green space community, besides the development and evolution of plant community, appropriate and reasonable artificial management and maintenance were also needed.
2020, 41(1): 100-104.
doi: 10.12172/201910080002
Abstract:
From April to October, the semi-lignified current-year branches with axillary buds of Sarcandra glabra were cut every month as explants to carry out tissue culture experiments. The results showed that (1) the best ideal explants of Sarcandra glabra was the base stem segment of semi-lignified branches from April to May. (2) The best incubation medium for explants was B5 + 0.8 mg·L−1 6-BA + 0.3mg·L−1 NAA. The best proliferation medium was B5 + 3.0mg·L−1 6-BA + 0.5 mg·L−1 NAA, with an average proliferation coefficient of 6.82. The best rooting medium was 1/2B5 + 0.8 mg·L−1 IBA + 0.1mg·L−1 NAA, the rooting rate was 100%, and the average number of roots was 6.51. (3) With humus soil: coconut husk: perlite: soil = 5:2:1:2 as the transplant substrate, the transplant average survival rate was 94%, the tissue culture seedlings grew well, with thick green leaves and strong plants.
From April to October, the semi-lignified current-year branches with axillary buds of Sarcandra glabra were cut every month as explants to carry out tissue culture experiments. The results showed that (1) the best ideal explants of Sarcandra glabra was the base stem segment of semi-lignified branches from April to May. (2) The best incubation medium for explants was B5 + 0.8 mg·L−1 6-BA + 0.3mg·L−1 NAA. The best proliferation medium was B5 + 3.0mg·L−1 6-BA + 0.5 mg·L−1 NAA, with an average proliferation coefficient of 6.82. The best rooting medium was 1/2B5 + 0.8 mg·L−1 IBA + 0.1mg·L−1 NAA, the rooting rate was 100%, and the average number of roots was 6.51. (3) With humus soil: coconut husk: perlite: soil = 5:2:1:2 as the transplant substrate, the transplant average survival rate was 94%, the tissue culture seedlings grew well, with thick green leaves and strong plants.
2020, 41(1): 105-109.
doi: 10.12172/201909020002
Abstract:
In order to study the biological features of unearthed rhythm and phototaxis of Curculio davidi Fairmaire, observadions were conducted on the amount and progress of unearthed adults and their phototaxis ratio to reflective and direct light sources. The results showed that the adult emerged from late May to late June, lasting for 30 days, with the initially fast pace of and then gradually pace slow and the maximum period was from late May to early June. The Curculio davidi adults were most sensitive to reflective purple and black light, and with a percentage of 56.11 and 55.00 respectively. Due to various factors in the field, the trapping and killing effect was not so efficient and the daily average trapping amount was 1.9 and 2.3 respectively. And the study proved the characteristics of weak phototaxis of adults. The unearthed period was a very crucial stage of preventing and controling the harm of Curculio davidi Fairmaire and the risks of its plague. So this stage should be taken seriously.
In order to study the biological features of unearthed rhythm and phototaxis of Curculio davidi Fairmaire, observadions were conducted on the amount and progress of unearthed adults and their phototaxis ratio to reflective and direct light sources. The results showed that the adult emerged from late May to late June, lasting for 30 days, with the initially fast pace of and then gradually pace slow and the maximum period was from late May to early June. The Curculio davidi adults were most sensitive to reflective purple and black light, and with a percentage of 56.11 and 55.00 respectively. Due to various factors in the field, the trapping and killing effect was not so efficient and the daily average trapping amount was 1.9 and 2.3 respectively. And the study proved the characteristics of weak phototaxis of adults. The unearthed period was a very crucial stage of preventing and controling the harm of Curculio davidi Fairmaire and the risks of its plague. So this stage should be taken seriously.
2020, 41(1): 110-114.
doi: 10.12172/201909240001
Abstract:
Microsatellites (SSR) refer to DNA sequences that are repeated in series with nucleotides as units, and widely distributed throughout the genome of eukaryotes. SSR marker is a molecular maker technology based on DNA length polymorphism, which is widely used in the fields of population genetic structure analysis, establishment of genetic map, gene location, genetic relationship, and so on. In this paper, the exploitation methods and applications of SSR primers in bamboo plants were reviewed, aiming to provide useful information for SSR molecular marker in bamboo plants.
Microsatellites (SSR) refer to DNA sequences that are repeated in series with nucleotides as units, and widely distributed throughout the genome of eukaryotes. SSR marker is a molecular maker technology based on DNA length polymorphism, which is widely used in the fields of population genetic structure analysis, establishment of genetic map, gene location, genetic relationship, and so on. In this paper, the exploitation methods and applications of SSR primers in bamboo plants were reviewed, aiming to provide useful information for SSR molecular marker in bamboo plants.
2020, 41(1): 115-121.
doi: 10.12172/201910310003
Abstract:
Meconopsis plant is a famous rare and endangered alpine flower, which has unique ornamental value and is also widely used in traditional Tibetan medicine. At present, the research and utilization of Meconopsis at home and abroad are mostly concentrated in the field of medicine, but there is a lack of understanding of its garden application value. Therefore, the garden application value of Meconopsis was discussed from the aspects of ornamental value and application strategies. Moreover, the current research situation in various fields and some existing problems were sorted out, then these problems were analyzed and corresponding countermeasures were put forward. The results could provide reference for the follow-up study of Meconopsis plants and the protection of germplasm resources.
Meconopsis plant is a famous rare and endangered alpine flower, which has unique ornamental value and is also widely used in traditional Tibetan medicine. At present, the research and utilization of Meconopsis at home and abroad are mostly concentrated in the field of medicine, but there is a lack of understanding of its garden application value. Therefore, the garden application value of Meconopsis was discussed from the aspects of ornamental value and application strategies. Moreover, the current research situation in various fields and some existing problems were sorted out, then these problems were analyzed and corresponding countermeasures were put forward. The results could provide reference for the follow-up study of Meconopsis plants and the protection of germplasm resources.
