2016 Vol. 37 Issue 5
2016 Vol. 37, No. 5
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2016, 37(5): 1-6.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2016.05.001
Abstract:
Culture in Vitro and propagation were carried out by using basal sprouts of superior clones 3-3 Cunninghamia lanceolata as explants. The result showed that the optimal cutting trunk height was 30 cm in March and the average number of bud was 47.2; Best explants disinfection solution was to immerse 15s in 70% alcohol and use sterile water to wash twice and then to soak 6 min in 0.1% mercuric chloride and wash 6 times with sterile water; MS culture medium was the optimal basic culture in primary culture; Subculture medium was MS+BA(0.5 mg·L-1~0.7 mg·L-1)+IBA(0 mg·L-1~0.2 mg·L-1); Inducing-root medium was 1/2MS~1/4MS+0.5 mg·L-1~1.0 mg·L-1IBA+0.1 mg·L-1NAA; The most suitable soil matrix proportion of transplanting was peat soil:yellow subsoil:vermiculite=4:2:1.
Culture in Vitro and propagation were carried out by using basal sprouts of superior clones 3-3 Cunninghamia lanceolata as explants. The result showed that the optimal cutting trunk height was 30 cm in March and the average number of bud was 47.2; Best explants disinfection solution was to immerse 15s in 70% alcohol and use sterile water to wash twice and then to soak 6 min in 0.1% mercuric chloride and wash 6 times with sterile water; MS culture medium was the optimal basic culture in primary culture; Subculture medium was MS+BA(0.5 mg·L-1~0.7 mg·L-1)+IBA(0 mg·L-1~0.2 mg·L-1); Inducing-root medium was 1/2MS~1/4MS+0.5 mg·L-1~1.0 mg·L-1IBA+0.1 mg·L-1NAA; The most suitable soil matrix proportion of transplanting was peat soil:yellow subsoil:vermiculite=4:2:1.
2016, 37(5): 7-11.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2016.05.002
Abstract:
In order to know the soil permeability capability of three forest types of western Sichuan basin borders, China, an investigation was carried out in 2013. The result showed that the order of soil permeability capability was initial infiltration rate > average infiltration rate > stable infiltration rate, and the smallest of initial infiltration rate, and average infiltration rate, stable infiltration rate and accumulative infiltration rate were found in Cryptomeria fortune forest except initial infiltration rate of 0~20 cm soil layer. The biggest decreasing amplitude of infiltration rate of each soil layers was found in 0~20 cm layer. Kostiakov model was used to model the infiltration process curves, which could display the soil infiltration process of different forest types. The results of correlation between infiltration process and soil physics index showed that bulk density, soil depth had no significantly negatively relationship (P>0.05), and other soil physics had positive relationship (P>0.05).
In order to know the soil permeability capability of three forest types of western Sichuan basin borders, China, an investigation was carried out in 2013. The result showed that the order of soil permeability capability was initial infiltration rate > average infiltration rate > stable infiltration rate, and the smallest of initial infiltration rate, and average infiltration rate, stable infiltration rate and accumulative infiltration rate were found in Cryptomeria fortune forest except initial infiltration rate of 0~20 cm soil layer. The biggest decreasing amplitude of infiltration rate of each soil layers was found in 0~20 cm layer. Kostiakov model was used to model the infiltration process curves, which could display the soil infiltration process of different forest types. The results of correlation between infiltration process and soil physics index showed that bulk density, soil depth had no significantly negatively relationship (P>0.05), and other soil physics had positive relationship (P>0.05).
2016, 37(5): 12-20.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2016.05.003
Abstract:
2016, 37(5): 21-25,50.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2016.05.004
Abstract:
In this study,four kinds of immersing approaches including GA, IAA, GGR and warm water were chosen to conduct the seed sowing and seedling-raising experiment of Emmenopterys henryi, which was designed in random blocks. The results showed that the seed immersed in GA grew better than other approaches with a highest germination rate of 33.80% and a germination trend of 27.53%, and this approach could accelerate the seed growth for about 25 days; The seed immersed in GGR also had a high germination rate of 31% and a germination trend of 23.27%, and was slightly below the GA group; IAA could promote the germination rate and seed growth,and warm water could accelerate seed germination and seedling growth to a certain degree.
In this study,four kinds of immersing approaches including GA, IAA, GGR and warm water were chosen to conduct the seed sowing and seedling-raising experiment of Emmenopterys henryi, which was designed in random blocks. The results showed that the seed immersed in GA grew better than other approaches with a highest germination rate of 33.80% and a germination trend of 27.53%, and this approach could accelerate the seed growth for about 25 days; The seed immersed in GGR also had a high germination rate of 31% and a germination trend of 23.27%, and was slightly below the GA group; IAA could promote the germination rate and seed growth,and warm water could accelerate seed germination and seedling growth to a certain degree.
2016, 37(5): 26-29.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2016.05.005
Abstract:
Based on the 32 open-pollinated families in the second-generation seed orchard of Cunninghamia lanceolata "Chen-shan Red Heartwood",investigations were made on the growth traits of half-sib progeny in Hongya Forest Farm of Sichuan Province. The results indicated that the average seedling height and variation coefficient were 14.08 cm and 17.58%, respectively. The average ground diameter and variation coefficient were 3.10 mm and 16.65%, respectively. And there existed significant differences in seedling height and ground diameter among different families. The family heritability of seedling height and ground diameter was 0.866 and 0.889, indicating the great family heritability control for growth traits. 3 excellent families were selected on the basis of comprehensive assessment. The average tree height was 16.31 cm,the genetic gain was 13.72%, and the average ground diameter was 3.49 mm,and the average genetic gain was 11.18%. The selected excellent families could be reserved for further test and assessment.
Based on the 32 open-pollinated families in the second-generation seed orchard of Cunninghamia lanceolata "Chen-shan Red Heartwood",investigations were made on the growth traits of half-sib progeny in Hongya Forest Farm of Sichuan Province. The results indicated that the average seedling height and variation coefficient were 14.08 cm and 17.58%, respectively. The average ground diameter and variation coefficient were 3.10 mm and 16.65%, respectively. And there existed significant differences in seedling height and ground diameter among different families. The family heritability of seedling height and ground diameter was 0.866 and 0.889, indicating the great family heritability control for growth traits. 3 excellent families were selected on the basis of comprehensive assessment. The average tree height was 16.31 cm,the genetic gain was 13.72%, and the average ground diameter was 3.49 mm,and the average genetic gain was 11.18%. The selected excellent families could be reserved for further test and assessment.
2016, 37(5): 30-32.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2016.05.006
Abstract:
Afforestation contrast tests of 15 poplar clones were carried out in Shahe Town of Chuzhou City, which was one of Jianghuai hilly regions in Anhui. Through survey and data analysis, the results showed that 189 had the greatest growth advantage, 9-year-old DBH, height and stem volume were 31.98 cm, 22.33 m, and 0.58578 m3,respectively, increased by 28.5%,11.7% and 77.7% as compared with control (A2).These experiments provided the clone selection basis for poplar plantations in Jianghuai hilly regions of Anhui.
Afforestation contrast tests of 15 poplar clones were carried out in Shahe Town of Chuzhou City, which was one of Jianghuai hilly regions in Anhui. Through survey and data analysis, the results showed that 189 had the greatest growth advantage, 9-year-old DBH, height and stem volume were 31.98 cm, 22.33 m, and 0.58578 m3,respectively, increased by 28.5%,11.7% and 77.7% as compared with control (A2).These experiments provided the clone selection basis for poplar plantations in Jianghuai hilly regions of Anhui.
2016, 37(5): 33-35.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2016.05.007
Abstract:
In this study,experiments were conducted on four different Emmenopterys henryi seed storing methods including sand storing, storing in 5℃, storing in -5℃ and control check(CK).The result showed that seed germination was up to the highest with the value 66.8% when seeds stored in 5℃,and there was significant difference among different methods. Besides,the seed storing time study demonstrated that storing time played an important role in the seed germination.It was found that the seed could keep a high ability of germination when the seed was stored in 5℃.
In this study,experiments were conducted on four different Emmenopterys henryi seed storing methods including sand storing, storing in 5℃, storing in -5℃ and control check(CK).The result showed that seed germination was up to the highest with the value 66.8% when seeds stored in 5℃,and there was significant difference among different methods. Besides,the seed storing time study demonstrated that storing time played an important role in the seed germination.It was found that the seed could keep a high ability of germination when the seed was stored in 5℃.
2016, 37(5): 36-40,64.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2016.05.008
Abstract:
In order to know the intraspecific and interspecific struggle relation of termites which damaged the landscaping in Sichuan,5 species and 38 nests of termites were collected,parts of the termites from each population were dyed,marked,and fed,then the marked termites and the normal termites from different population were put in one petri dish to observe and record the battle of termites. The results showed that there were no intraspecific and interspecific struggle among Reticulitermes chinensis, Reticulitermes labralis and Reticulitermes flaviceps,there were interspecific struggle, but no intraspecific struggle in Reticulitermes aculabialis; and there were intra-and-interspecific struggle in Coptotermes formosanus. So the struggle among termites depended on the species and the population of termites.
In order to know the intraspecific and interspecific struggle relation of termites which damaged the landscaping in Sichuan,5 species and 38 nests of termites were collected,parts of the termites from each population were dyed,marked,and fed,then the marked termites and the normal termites from different population were put in one petri dish to observe and record the battle of termites. The results showed that there were no intraspecific and interspecific struggle among Reticulitermes chinensis, Reticulitermes labralis and Reticulitermes flaviceps,there were interspecific struggle, but no intraspecific struggle in Reticulitermes aculabialis; and there were intra-and-interspecific struggle in Coptotermes formosanus. So the struggle among termites depended on the species and the population of termites.
2016, 37(5): 41-44,92.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2016.05.009
Abstract:
2016, 37(5): 45-47.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2016.05.010
Abstract:
In this study,phosphoric acid as activiting agent and leaf residual of Cinnamomum longepaniculatum as raw material were used to prepare activated carbon,and analysis was made of the effects of solid-liquid ratio, heating rate, activation temperature and time on the characteristics of activated carbon. The results showed that the optimal processing conditions were as follows:solid-liquid ratio 1:3, activation temperature 420℃,activation heating rate 60℃·min-1 and activation time 60 min. Under these conditions, the yield of the activated carbon produced by leaf residual of Cinnamomum longepaniculatum was was 36.5%, the specific surface was 1 107 m2·g-1, the methylene blue adsorption value was 160 mg·g-1, and the iodine adsorption value was 935 mg·g-1.
In this study,phosphoric acid as activiting agent and leaf residual of Cinnamomum longepaniculatum as raw material were used to prepare activated carbon,and analysis was made of the effects of solid-liquid ratio, heating rate, activation temperature and time on the characteristics of activated carbon. The results showed that the optimal processing conditions were as follows:solid-liquid ratio 1:3, activation temperature 420℃,activation heating rate 60℃·min-1 and activation time 60 min. Under these conditions, the yield of the activated carbon produced by leaf residual of Cinnamomum longepaniculatum was was 36.5%, the specific surface was 1 107 m2·g-1, the methylene blue adsorption value was 160 mg·g-1, and the iodine adsorption value was 935 mg·g-1.
2016, 37(5): 48-50.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2016.05.011
Abstract:
The alpine pika(Ochotona curzoniae) is a serious plague of rats occurring in recent years in the territory of Ruoergai county, mainly eating the forage, destucting grassland ecosystem, causing soil erosion, resulting in serious consequences of grassland stocking rate decrease and grassland desertification,and also spreading diseases harmful to human health. For this reason,tests were made to use the biological control technology for controlling rodents.The results showed that the medicine named Shishuangshuba had an obvions effect in the prevention of Ochotona curzoniae,reaching the effective decreasing the hole rate of 93%, and poisoned non-target animals or animal predators phenomenon were not found.Pharmacy palatability test was up to 90% in one day.
The alpine pika(Ochotona curzoniae) is a serious plague of rats occurring in recent years in the territory of Ruoergai county, mainly eating the forage, destucting grassland ecosystem, causing soil erosion, resulting in serious consequences of grassland stocking rate decrease and grassland desertification,and also spreading diseases harmful to human health. For this reason,tests were made to use the biological control technology for controlling rodents.The results showed that the medicine named Shishuangshuba had an obvions effect in the prevention of Ochotona curzoniae,reaching the effective decreasing the hole rate of 93%, and poisoned non-target animals or animal predators phenomenon were not found.Pharmacy palatability test was up to 90% in one day.
Investigation and Niche Analysis of Natural Cystonathyrium Chinese Population in the Erlang Mountain
2016, 37(5): 51-54,88.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2016.05.012
Abstract:
Based on the investigation data collected from natural of Cystonathyrium Chinese populations in three natural plots,studies were made of the niche breadth values, niche similarity values and niche overlap values of the main herb species in the plant community of Cystonathyrium Chinese by the method of quantitative analysis. The results showed that niche width of C.chinese was comparatively high; it was disjunctive distribution in the subordinate status of their community.The niche overlap between populations was in the high degree.Their relationship was complex, and the sharing of resources was evident. Based on analysis of their endangered reasons,their own poor reproductive capacity and the deteriorating habitant condition were probably the main reasons of their endangerment.
Based on the investigation data collected from natural of Cystonathyrium Chinese populations in three natural plots,studies were made of the niche breadth values, niche similarity values and niche overlap values of the main herb species in the plant community of Cystonathyrium Chinese by the method of quantitative analysis. The results showed that niche width of C.chinese was comparatively high; it was disjunctive distribution in the subordinate status of their community.The niche overlap between populations was in the high degree.Their relationship was complex, and the sharing of resources was evident. Based on analysis of their endangered reasons,their own poor reproductive capacity and the deteriorating habitant condition were probably the main reasons of their endangerment.
2016, 37(5): 55-60.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2016.05.013
Abstract:
From September to November in 2015, the behavioral data of Macaca thibetana were collected and then coded by use of the "posture-act-environment" (PAE) coding system which concerns the posture, acts, environment, and ecological function of behaviors in the Maoxiangba region of Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve. In total,15 postures, 91 acts and 116 behaviors of M.thibetana were recorded and identified, and the relative frequency of each behavior in relation to gender and age was described.
From September to November in 2015, the behavioral data of Macaca thibetana were collected and then coded by use of the "posture-act-environment" (PAE) coding system which concerns the posture, acts, environment, and ecological function of behaviors in the Maoxiangba region of Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve. In total,15 postures, 91 acts and 116 behaviors of M.thibetana were recorded and identified, and the relative frequency of each behavior in relation to gender and age was described.
2016, 37(5): 61-64.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2016.05.014
Abstract:
2016, 37(5): 65-68.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2016.05.015
Abstract:
Xiaozhaizigou Nature Reserve is rich in great resources of Rhododendron plants. An initial investigation was condcuted on the resources of the genus Rhododendron in Xiaozhaizigou Nature Reserve by filed collection of live materials as well as by researches on the specimens in herbariums. The results showed that in this investigation, forty species were found and each of them had a great amount of populations,and the community of Rhododendron was stupendous in view.
Xiaozhaizigou Nature Reserve is rich in great resources of Rhododendron plants. An initial investigation was condcuted on the resources of the genus Rhododendron in Xiaozhaizigou Nature Reserve by filed collection of live materials as well as by researches on the specimens in herbariums. The results showed that in this investigation, forty species were found and each of them had a great amount of populations,and the community of Rhododendron was stupendous in view.
2016, 37(5): 69-71.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2016.05.016
Abstract:
To provide a reference for scientifical and reasonable preventing and reducing damage of frost freezing to Ficus Virens (F. Virens), analysis was made of the freeze injury of F.virens from 1998 to 2014.Some statistic analyses were used to study the degree of freeze injury, cultivation region and extremely low temperature. The results were as follows.F.virens enhanced the adaptability to frost and the proportion of freeze injury decreased year by year. Based on the degree of freeze injury, there was a declining trend in the order of Wanyuan and Xiaxi region > Dongba region > Nanhe and Shangxi region > Old town region.
To provide a reference for scientifical and reasonable preventing and reducing damage of frost freezing to Ficus Virens (F. Virens), analysis was made of the freeze injury of F.virens from 1998 to 2014.Some statistic analyses were used to study the degree of freeze injury, cultivation region and extremely low temperature. The results were as follows.F.virens enhanced the adaptability to frost and the proportion of freeze injury decreased year by year. Based on the degree of freeze injury, there was a declining trend in the order of Wanyuan and Xiaxi region > Dongba region > Nanhe and Shangxi region > Old town region.
2016, 37(5): 72-76.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2016.05.017
Abstract:
The alpine grassland desertification has seriously affected the species composition of vegetation and species diversity,and vegetation plays an irreplaceable role in human and animals living environment. In this paper,the typical alpine desertification grassland areas were selected in northwest Sichuan as the research area, such as Ruoergai, Hongyuan, Aba,Seda, Daocheng and Litang counties, and studies were made of their vegetation characteristics and species diversity with different desertification degree. The results showed that with the development of the desertification, the plant species also presented a trend to increase firstly and then decrease, and the dominant species displayed a continuous succession. Gramineae and Cyperaceae plants decreased gradually,and were replaced by Asteraceae and Rosaceae plants; Species diversities were lower in exposed sandy and shifting sandy land than those in half-fixed sandy land and fixed sandy land. βT and CN diversity index presented an opposite trend, the difference of plant communities was in different desertification stress at the beginning, but they were ultimately determined by various environmental and biological factors together.
The alpine grassland desertification has seriously affected the species composition of vegetation and species diversity,and vegetation plays an irreplaceable role in human and animals living environment. In this paper,the typical alpine desertification grassland areas were selected in northwest Sichuan as the research area, such as Ruoergai, Hongyuan, Aba,Seda, Daocheng and Litang counties, and studies were made of their vegetation characteristics and species diversity with different desertification degree. The results showed that with the development of the desertification, the plant species also presented a trend to increase firstly and then decrease, and the dominant species displayed a continuous succession. Gramineae and Cyperaceae plants decreased gradually,and were replaced by Asteraceae and Rosaceae plants; Species diversities were lower in exposed sandy and shifting sandy land than those in half-fixed sandy land and fixed sandy land. βT and CN diversity index presented an opposite trend, the difference of plant communities was in different desertification stress at the beginning, but they were ultimately determined by various environmental and biological factors together.
2016, 37(5): 77-80,97.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2016.05.018
Abstract:
The investigation of plant species is a fundamental work of the forestry,ecology and other fields,aiming to identify the plant species and to provide the basic data for the further research work. This method is to use photography in combination with GIS,GPS and other technology to complete the survey,which contains the characteristics of investigation,data storage,data exchange and query. The survey includes two aspects of field work.The first is to finish the shooting photo group,which includes the main part of the plant characteristic information and the second is to purfect the record of the investigations,including relevant information and basic geographic information,etc. On the basis of field investigation,the corresponding data compilation and inputting work are completed for the identification of plant species according to the procedures.
The investigation of plant species is a fundamental work of the forestry,ecology and other fields,aiming to identify the plant species and to provide the basic data for the further research work. This method is to use photography in combination with GIS,GPS and other technology to complete the survey,which contains the characteristics of investigation,data storage,data exchange and query. The survey includes two aspects of field work.The first is to finish the shooting photo group,which includes the main part of the plant characteristic information and the second is to purfect the record of the investigations,including relevant information and basic geographic information,etc. On the basis of field investigation,the corresponding data compilation and inputting work are completed for the identification of plant species according to the procedures.
2016, 37(5): 81-83.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2016.05.019
Abstract:
In Nanping,12 kinds of four types of plant communities in the representative park were chosen,aiming to determine and analyze the effect of their noise reduction. The results showed that different types of plant communities were different in weakening effect of noise, and the growth characteristics, complexity, measuring distance and other factors of the plant community could affect the noise reduction rate of plants communities. Among them, the best effect of noise reduction was the evergreen coniferous broad-leaved forest. And the noise reduction rate of 5 m was 35.72%, and the noise reduction rate of 10 m reached 39.36%. And the relationship between the coverage rate of plant communities and the relative noise reduction rate of white noise exhibited a very significant correlation.
In Nanping,12 kinds of four types of plant communities in the representative park were chosen,aiming to determine and analyze the effect of their noise reduction. The results showed that different types of plant communities were different in weakening effect of noise, and the growth characteristics, complexity, measuring distance and other factors of the plant community could affect the noise reduction rate of plants communities. Among them, the best effect of noise reduction was the evergreen coniferous broad-leaved forest. And the noise reduction rate of 5 m was 35.72%, and the noise reduction rate of 10 m reached 39.36%. And the relationship between the coverage rate of plant communities and the relative noise reduction rate of white noise exhibited a very significant correlation.
2016, 37(5): 84-88.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2016.05.020
Abstract:
2016, 37(5): 89-92.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2016.05.021
Abstract:
2016, 37(5): 93-97.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2016.05.022
Abstract:
In this paper,analysis was made of the implementation and achievements of the Defarming-and-afforestation Program in Aba Prefecture by use of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis methods. The results showed that forest area increased,and a steady improvement appeared in the quality of farmland, ecological benefits were gradually realized, and farmers' income effect was significant. At the same time, discussion was made on unblance of the development,and the difficulty of follow-up industrial development.Then in this paper,some mearsures were proposed, aiming to improve the proportion of economic forest, to develop the follow-up industry, to perfect the forest compensation policy, and to implement the supporting policies to consolidate the effects of the Defarming-and-afforestation Program.
In this paper,analysis was made of the implementation and achievements of the Defarming-and-afforestation Program in Aba Prefecture by use of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis methods. The results showed that forest area increased,and a steady improvement appeared in the quality of farmland, ecological benefits were gradually realized, and farmers' income effect was significant. At the same time, discussion was made on unblance of the development,and the difficulty of follow-up industrial development.Then in this paper,some mearsures were proposed, aiming to improve the proportion of economic forest, to develop the follow-up industry, to perfect the forest compensation policy, and to implement the supporting policies to consolidate the effects of the Defarming-and-afforestation Program.
2016, 37(5): 98-100.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2016.05.023
Abstract:
