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在叶水平中,通常至少由具有同化结构的叶片和悬臂结构的叶柄组成,叶片是植物光合作用的主要构件,是植物自身能量的主要来源[1-3]。叶柄是植物叶支撑系统的主要构件,对植物的水分和营养的运输起关键性作用[4]。一般来说,若叶的总生物量多,分配给同化结构的生物量多,叶片的光合作用强度大,增强了叶的碳获取能力,同时叶内支撑投资随着叶内生物量的增加递增[5-6],两者之间存在权衡关系,管道模型(pipe model)理论证实了以上观点,即为满足叶片对水分的需求,输导结构的横截面积应与其上的叶面积成等比例。但是叶柄除了为叶片输送水分之外,还需要为叶面提供机械支撑,承受自身及叶片引起的重力,具有支撑整个叶的静态重力和动态的机械拉扯引起的外力,如风力等外力为支撑结构增加了负荷。由此可以看出叶内生物量分配策略错综复杂,叶片和叶柄之间存在异速生长关系[7-9]。通过近几年学者们的研究发现,存在这种关系的原因主要是叶内生物量分配的差异,这些差异受一些因素的响应。研究主要通过生活型、叶型、叶大小、叶形状及叶含水量这几方面论述对叶内生物量权衡过程的影响,对未来叶生物量分配策略的研究奠定基础。
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