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叠鞘石斛(Dendrobium denneanum)属于兰科石斛属植物,是线叶石斛的变种,为多年生附生草本植物,花朵色泽艳丽,气味芳香,极具观赏性,为园林观赏主要花卉之一,与文心兰、卡特兰、蝴蝶兰合称“四大观赏洋花” [1] 。石斛属植物除观赏价值外,还是常用中药材,被民间称为“仙草”。自上世纪70年代以来,石斛的需求量大增,野生石斛资源已经不能满足人们的需求[2]。近年来,石斛的来源主要为人工栽培,而人工栽培时温度、光照、激素及栽培措施等对石斛的品质影响非常大。其中光照可通过光照强度、光周期、光质来影响植物生长。现有研究发现光质会影响铁皮石斛的生长及开花[3-4]。然而,目前仍无研究揭示光质对叠鞘石斛的影响。因此,我们拟采用不同组合的红蓝光考察光质对叠鞘石斛开花时间、花朵形态、花期长短、石斛生长状态、生理变化的影响。从而指导光质在叠鞘石斛的人工栽培上如何提高其观赏性和经济价值。
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在光照处理过程中,叠鞘石斛陆续开花,我们测试了不同花期时的花朵的直径、植株茎长与茎粗,记录了各组光质处理组的花期。
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如表1-表3可知,在现蕾期,采用T2(红光:蓝光=1∶1)光质照射时,有利于增大的花径;T1(红光:蓝光=3∶1)和T2(红光:蓝光=1∶1)光质在照射7 d时,均能显著增加茎长,但照射天数延长后效果不明显;T1和T2组在照射天数较长(大于21 d)时可以显著增加茎粗,其中红光:蓝光=3∶1对茎粗的影响更大。
表 1 光质对叠鞘石斛花径的影响
Table 1. Effect of light quality on flower diameter of Dendrobium denneanum
花期 Flowering stage T1光质 T1 light quality T2光质 T2 light quality T3光质 T3 light quality CK对照 CK 现蕾期 Budding stage 0.83 ± 0.05 bc 1.46 ± 0.11 a 1.00 ± 0.20 b 0.70 ± 0.10 c 始花期 Mid-bloom stage 3.26 ± 0.25 a 2.60 ± 0.40 b 2.86 ± 0.41 ab 3.23 ± 0.05 a 盛花期 Full-bloom stage 4.16 ± 0.35 a 3.80 ± 0.43 a 4.13 ± 0.23 a 4.13 ± 0.37 a 衰败期 Decline stage 1.93 ± 0.30 a 1.53 ± 0.05 b 1.93 ± 0.20 a 1.60 ± 0.10 ab h:小时 T1:红光:蓝光=3∶1 T2:红光:蓝光=1∶1 T3:红光:蓝光=1∶3 CK:白光对照。
Note: h: hour; T1: red light: blue light =3∶1; T2: red light: blue light =1∶1; T3: red light: blue light =1∶3; CK: white light.表 2 光质对叠鞘石斛茎长的影响
Table 2. Effect of light quality on stem length of Dendrobium denneanum
照射天数(d) Irradiation days T1光质 T1 light quality T2光质 T2 light quality T3光质 T3 light quality CK对照 CK 7 33.23 ± 8.32 a 33.23 ± 1.95 a 28.46 ± 2.21 a 29.83 ± 0.92 a 14 33.36 ± 8.10 a 33.36 ± 1.72 a 29.60 ± 2.95 a 31.50 ± 1.37 a 21 34.03 ± 7.56 a 34.60 ± 1.64 a 33.86 ± 3.28 a 32.03 ± 0.47 a 28 34.03 ± 7.56 a 35.26 ± 1.36 a 35.36 ± 2.04 a 32.53 ± 0.30 a d:天数 h:小时 T1:红光:蓝光=3∶1 T2:红光:蓝光=1∶1 T3:红光:蓝光=1∶3 CK:白光对照。
Note: d: Day; h: hour; T1: red light: blue light =3∶1; T2: red light: blue light =1∶1; T3: red light: blue light =1∶3; CK: white light.表 3 光质对叠鞘石斛茎粗的影响
Table 3. Effect of light quality on stem diameter of Dendrobium denneanum
照射天数(d) Irradiation days T1光质 T1 light quality T2光质 T2 light quality T3光质 T3 light quality CK对照 CK 7 0.46 ± 0.11 a 0.48 ± 0.07 a 0.38 ± 0.02 a 0.43 ± 0.02 a 14 0.46 ± 0.11 a 0.48 ± 0.05 a 0.41 ± 0.02 a 0.43 ± 0.02 a 21 0.46 ± 0.11 a 0.48 ± 0.05 a 0.45 ± 0.05 a 0.45 ± 0.05 a 28 0.53 ± 0.05 a 0.50 ± 0.05 a 0.46 ± 0.05 a 0.45 ± 0.05 a d:天数 h:小时 T1:红光:蓝光=3∶1 T2:红光:蓝光=1∶1 T3:红光:蓝光=1∶3 CK:白光对照。
Note: d: Day; h: hour; T1: red light: blue light =3∶1; T2: red light: blue light =1∶1; T3: red light: blue light =1∶3; CK: white light. -
从表4可以看出,经红蓝光照射后各处理组的叠鞘石斛的花期均长于对照组。在三种光质处理组中,花期最长的是T3光质处理组,与对照相比,其花期延长了33.25%,且与对照组相比,差异不显著。表明光质为T3(红光:蓝光=1∶3)时会显著延长叠鞘石斛的花期,有利于增加叠鞘石斛的观赏价值。
表 4 光质对叠鞘石斛花期的影响
Table 4. Effect of light quality on flowering stage of Dendrobium denneanum
T1光质 T1 light quality T2光质 T2 light quality T3光质 T3 light quality CK对照 CK 9.33 ± 2.51 a 10.00 ± 1.00 a 10.66 ± 2.08 a 8.00 ± 0.05 a T1:红光:蓝光=3∶1 T2:红光:蓝光=1∶1 T3:红光:蓝光=1∶3 CK:白光对照。
Note: T1: red light: blue light =3∶1; T2: red light: blue light =1∶1; T3: red light: blue light =1∶3; CK: white light.由此可见,T2光质可增加现蕾期花径,T3光质可延长花期。
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如表5、6、7可知, T1、T3光质在照射7天时,能显著增加叶绿素a的含量;T3光质组照射7天时,能显著增加叶绿素b含量;而光质的照射对类胡萝卜素含量没有明显影响。
表 5 光质对叠鞘石斛叶绿素a含量的影响
Table 5. Effect of light quality on chlorophyll a content of Dendrobium denneanum
照射天数(d) Irradiation days T1光质 T1 light quality T2光质 T2 light quality T3光质 T3 light quality CK对照 CK 7 0.74 ± 0.17 ab 0.48 ± 0.07 bc 0.83 ± 0.16 a 0.45 ± 0.12 c 14 0.54 ± 0.03 b 0.69 ± 0.07 a 0.70 ± 0.04 a 0.59 ± 0.04 b 21 0.84 ± 0.02 a 0.74 ± 0.04 b 0.85 ± 0.02 a 0.82 ± 0.01 a 28 0.81 ± 0.01 a 0.83 ± 0.01 a 0.56 ± 0.03 b 0.57 ± 0.10 b d:天数 h:小时 T1:红光:蓝光=3∶1 T2:红光:蓝光=1∶1 T3:红光:蓝光=1∶3 CK:白光对照
Note: d: Day; h: hour; T1: red light: blue light =3∶1; T2: red light: blue light =1∶1; T3: red light: blue light =1∶3; CK: white light.表 6 光质对叠鞘石斛叶绿素b含量的影响
Table 6. Effect of light quality on chlorophyll b content of Dendrobium denneanum
照射天数(d) Irradiation days T1光质 T1 light quality T2光质 T2 light quality T3光质 T3 light quality CK对照 CK 7 0.34 ± 0.08 a 0.32 ± 0.01 a 0.39 ± 0.15 a 0.26 ± 0.13 a 14 0.18 ± 0.03 b 0.20 ± 0.03 ab 0.29 ± 0.08 a 0.25 ± 0.03 ab 21 0.34 ± 0.04 a 0.22 ± 0.0 a 0.24 ± 0.10 a 0.35 ± 0.00 a 28 0.38 ± 0.06 a 0.35 ± 0.05 b 0.35 ± 0.02 ab 0.37 ± 0.09 ab d:天数 h:小时 T1:红光:蓝光=3∶1 T2:红光:蓝光=1∶1 T3:红光:蓝光=1∶3 CK:白光对照
Note: d: Day; h: hour; T1: red light: blue light =3∶1; T2: red light: blue light =1∶1; T3: red light: blue light =1∶3; CK: white light.表 7 光质对叠鞘石斛类胡萝卜素含量的影响
Table 7. Effect of light quality on carotenoid content of Dendrobium denneanum
照射天数(d) Irradiation days T1光质 T1 light quality T2光质 T2 light quality T3光质 T3 light quality CK对照 CK 7 0.14 ± 0.02 a 0.10 ± 0.01 a 0.16 ± 0.01 a 0.11 ± 0.05 a 14 0.08 ± 0.00 b 0.15 ± 0.01 a 0.12 ± 0.03 ab 0.11 ± 0.02 ab 21 0.10 ± 0.02 b 0.12 ± 0.02 ab 0.16 ± 0.01 a 0.15 ± 0.00 a 28 0.09 ± 0.03 a 0.14 ± 0.07 a 0.05 ± 0.02 a 0.09 ± 0.02 a d:天数 h:小时 T1:红光:蓝光=3∶1 T2:红光:蓝光=1∶1 T3:红光:蓝光=1∶3 CK:白光对照
Note: d: Day; h: hour; T1: red light: blue light =3∶1; T2: red light: blue light =1∶1; T3: red light: blue light =1∶3; CK: white light. -
由图1可知, T1光质组照射7d时,T2光质组照射21d时能明显增加可溶性糖含量;T1光质照射14d时,T3光质照射21d时能明显增加可溶性蛋白质含量;T1、T3光质能明显减少植株的氧化进程,从而降低植株的脯氨酸含量;T2光质能显著降低MDA浓度,且效果最好,其次为T3光质处理组,而T1光质照射天数不超过14d时植株MDA浓度极显著大于对照组,说明短时间的T1光质使得T1植株防御系统受到影响,加剧植株氧化进程,从而导致MDA含量增加。
Effect of Light Quality on Morphological and Physiological Indexes of Dendrobium denneanum
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摘要: 以兰科植物叠鞘石斛为实验材料,通过研究光质对其形态及生理指标的影响,寻找提高叠鞘石斛观赏价值和经济价值的新方法。采用红蓝光搭配光质,处理组分别为T1组(红光:蓝光=3∶1)、T2组(红光:蓝光=1∶1)、T3组(红光:蓝光=1∶3),对照CK组为白光。每天照射2 h,照射7、14、21、28 d时分别取样检测。结果表明:(1)T1光质(红光:蓝光=3∶1)照射7 d时可有效增加叠鞘石斛茎长,照射21 d时可促进茎粗增加;(2)T2光质(红光:蓝光=1∶1)照射7 d时可促进茎长的增加;(3)T3光质(红光:蓝光=1∶3)照射可有效延长叠鞘石斛的花期,照射7 d时会有效增大叶绿素a、b含量,在21 d时会有效增大可溶性蛋白质的含量。采用红蓝光质按照不同配比照射,可有效调控叠鞘石斛的花期和生长,增加其观赏价值。Abstract: In order to find a new method to improve the ornamental value and economic value of Dendrobium denneanum, Dendrobium denneanum was used as the experimental material to study the effect of light quality on its morphological and physiological indexes. Red and blue light was used in the experiment. The treatment groups were T1 group (red: blue = 3∶1), T2 group (red: blue = 1∶1), T3 group (red: blue = 1∶3), and the control group was white light. All the treatments were irradiated for 2 hours every day, and samples were taken for detection at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The results showed out: (1) T1 light quality (red light: blue light = 3∶1) could effectively increase the stem length of Dendrobium denneanum after 7 days of irradiation, and could promote the stem diameter after 21 days of irradiation; (2) T2 light quality (red light: blue light = 1∶1) could promote the stem length after 7 days of irradiation; (3) T3 light quality (red light: blue light = 1∶3) could effectively prolong the flowering period of Dendrobium denneanum, and could effectively increase the content of chlorophyll a and b at day 7th, while could effectively increase the content of soluble protein at day 21. The results indicated that different ratios of red and blue light irradiation could effectively regulate the flowering period and growth of Dendrobium denneanum and increase its ornamental value.
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Key words:
- Dendrobium denneanum;
- Light quality;
- Morphology;
- Physiology
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表 1 光质对叠鞘石斛花径的影响
Tab. 1 Effect of light quality on flower diameter of Dendrobium denneanum
花期 Flowering stage T1光质 T1 light quality T2光质 T2 light quality T3光质 T3 light quality CK对照 CK 现蕾期 Budding stage 0.83 ± 0.05 bc 1.46 ± 0.11 a 1.00 ± 0.20 b 0.70 ± 0.10 c 始花期 Mid-bloom stage 3.26 ± 0.25 a 2.60 ± 0.40 b 2.86 ± 0.41 ab 3.23 ± 0.05 a 盛花期 Full-bloom stage 4.16 ± 0.35 a 3.80 ± 0.43 a 4.13 ± 0.23 a 4.13 ± 0.37 a 衰败期 Decline stage 1.93 ± 0.30 a 1.53 ± 0.05 b 1.93 ± 0.20 a 1.60 ± 0.10 ab h:小时 T1:红光:蓝光=3∶1 T2:红光:蓝光=1∶1 T3:红光:蓝光=1∶3 CK:白光对照。
Note: h: hour; T1: red light: blue light =3∶1; T2: red light: blue light =1∶1; T3: red light: blue light =1∶3; CK: white light.表 2 光质对叠鞘石斛茎长的影响
Tab. 2 Effect of light quality on stem length of Dendrobium denneanum
照射天数(d) Irradiation days T1光质 T1 light quality T2光质 T2 light quality T3光质 T3 light quality CK对照 CK 7 33.23 ± 8.32 a 33.23 ± 1.95 a 28.46 ± 2.21 a 29.83 ± 0.92 a 14 33.36 ± 8.10 a 33.36 ± 1.72 a 29.60 ± 2.95 a 31.50 ± 1.37 a 21 34.03 ± 7.56 a 34.60 ± 1.64 a 33.86 ± 3.28 a 32.03 ± 0.47 a 28 34.03 ± 7.56 a 35.26 ± 1.36 a 35.36 ± 2.04 a 32.53 ± 0.30 a d:天数 h:小时 T1:红光:蓝光=3∶1 T2:红光:蓝光=1∶1 T3:红光:蓝光=1∶3 CK:白光对照。
Note: d: Day; h: hour; T1: red light: blue light =3∶1; T2: red light: blue light =1∶1; T3: red light: blue light =1∶3; CK: white light.表 3 光质对叠鞘石斛茎粗的影响
Tab. 3 Effect of light quality on stem diameter of Dendrobium denneanum
照射天数(d) Irradiation days T1光质 T1 light quality T2光质 T2 light quality T3光质 T3 light quality CK对照 CK 7 0.46 ± 0.11 a 0.48 ± 0.07 a 0.38 ± 0.02 a 0.43 ± 0.02 a 14 0.46 ± 0.11 a 0.48 ± 0.05 a 0.41 ± 0.02 a 0.43 ± 0.02 a 21 0.46 ± 0.11 a 0.48 ± 0.05 a 0.45 ± 0.05 a 0.45 ± 0.05 a 28 0.53 ± 0.05 a 0.50 ± 0.05 a 0.46 ± 0.05 a 0.45 ± 0.05 a d:天数 h:小时 T1:红光:蓝光=3∶1 T2:红光:蓝光=1∶1 T3:红光:蓝光=1∶3 CK:白光对照。
Note: d: Day; h: hour; T1: red light: blue light =3∶1; T2: red light: blue light =1∶1; T3: red light: blue light =1∶3; CK: white light.表 4 光质对叠鞘石斛花期的影响
Tab. 4 Effect of light quality on flowering stage of Dendrobium denneanum
T1光质 T1 light quality T2光质 T2 light quality T3光质 T3 light quality CK对照 CK 9.33 ± 2.51 a 10.00 ± 1.00 a 10.66 ± 2.08 a 8.00 ± 0.05 a T1:红光:蓝光=3∶1 T2:红光:蓝光=1∶1 T3:红光:蓝光=1∶3 CK:白光对照。
Note: T1: red light: blue light =3∶1; T2: red light: blue light =1∶1; T3: red light: blue light =1∶3; CK: white light.表 5 光质对叠鞘石斛叶绿素a含量的影响
Tab. 5 Effect of light quality on chlorophyll a content of Dendrobium denneanum
照射天数(d) Irradiation days T1光质 T1 light quality T2光质 T2 light quality T3光质 T3 light quality CK对照 CK 7 0.74 ± 0.17 ab 0.48 ± 0.07 bc 0.83 ± 0.16 a 0.45 ± 0.12 c 14 0.54 ± 0.03 b 0.69 ± 0.07 a 0.70 ± 0.04 a 0.59 ± 0.04 b 21 0.84 ± 0.02 a 0.74 ± 0.04 b 0.85 ± 0.02 a 0.82 ± 0.01 a 28 0.81 ± 0.01 a 0.83 ± 0.01 a 0.56 ± 0.03 b 0.57 ± 0.10 b d:天数 h:小时 T1:红光:蓝光=3∶1 T2:红光:蓝光=1∶1 T3:红光:蓝光=1∶3 CK:白光对照
Note: d: Day; h: hour; T1: red light: blue light =3∶1; T2: red light: blue light =1∶1; T3: red light: blue light =1∶3; CK: white light.表 6 光质对叠鞘石斛叶绿素b含量的影响
Tab. 6 Effect of light quality on chlorophyll b content of Dendrobium denneanum
照射天数(d) Irradiation days T1光质 T1 light quality T2光质 T2 light quality T3光质 T3 light quality CK对照 CK 7 0.34 ± 0.08 a 0.32 ± 0.01 a 0.39 ± 0.15 a 0.26 ± 0.13 a 14 0.18 ± 0.03 b 0.20 ± 0.03 ab 0.29 ± 0.08 a 0.25 ± 0.03 ab 21 0.34 ± 0.04 a 0.22 ± 0.0 a 0.24 ± 0.10 a 0.35 ± 0.00 a 28 0.38 ± 0.06 a 0.35 ± 0.05 b 0.35 ± 0.02 ab 0.37 ± 0.09 ab d:天数 h:小时 T1:红光:蓝光=3∶1 T2:红光:蓝光=1∶1 T3:红光:蓝光=1∶3 CK:白光对照
Note: d: Day; h: hour; T1: red light: blue light =3∶1; T2: red light: blue light =1∶1; T3: red light: blue light =1∶3; CK: white light.表 7 光质对叠鞘石斛类胡萝卜素含量的影响
Tab. 7 Effect of light quality on carotenoid content of Dendrobium denneanum
照射天数(d) Irradiation days T1光质 T1 light quality T2光质 T2 light quality T3光质 T3 light quality CK对照 CK 7 0.14 ± 0.02 a 0.10 ± 0.01 a 0.16 ± 0.01 a 0.11 ± 0.05 a 14 0.08 ± 0.00 b 0.15 ± 0.01 a 0.12 ± 0.03 ab 0.11 ± 0.02 ab 21 0.10 ± 0.02 b 0.12 ± 0.02 ab 0.16 ± 0.01 a 0.15 ± 0.00 a 28 0.09 ± 0.03 a 0.14 ± 0.07 a 0.05 ± 0.02 a 0.09 ± 0.02 a d:天数 h:小时 T1:红光:蓝光=3∶1 T2:红光:蓝光=1∶1 T3:红光:蓝光=1∶3 CK:白光对照
Note: d: Day; h: hour; T1: red light: blue light =3∶1; T2: red light: blue light =1∶1; T3: red light: blue light =1∶3; CK: white light. -
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