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Volume 44 Issue 5
Oct.  2023
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ZHAN Z H, LIU Y C. A newly recorded genus Pseudopyrochora pic (Coleoptera: Pyrochroidae: Pyrochroinae) in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China[J]. Journal of Sichuan Forestry Science and Technology, 2023, 44(5): 139−142 doi: 10.12172/202211200001
Citation: ZHAN Z H, LIU Y C. A newly recorded genus Pseudopyrochora pic (Coleoptera: Pyrochroidae: Pyrochroinae) in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China[J]. Journal of Sichuan Forestry Science and Technology, 2023, 44(5): 139−142 doi: 10.12172/202211200001

A newly Recorded Genus Pseudopyrochora Pic (Coleoptera: Pyrochroidae: Pyrochroinae) in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China


doi: 10.12172/202211200001
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  • Corresponding author: zzhan8@wisc.edu
  • Received Date: 2022-11-20
    Available Online: 2023-04-10
  • Publish Date: 2023-10-25
  • During field trips of spring 2022, some larvae of Pyrochroidae were found and collected from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The species association was confirmed by rearing larvae into adult stage and identified as Pseudopyrochroa depressa Pic, 1914. This species was first recorded in Chinese mainland, while the genus was first recorded from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. In this paper, the morphology of adults and larvae of Pseudopyrochroa depressa Pic was described again, and its natural life history and behavioral information were supplemented.
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  • [1] Pan, Z. , J. C. Duan, Q. Gao, and D. K. Young. (2021). The adult, larvae, and pupa of a new Pseudopyrochroa (Coleoptera: Pyrochroidae: Pyrochroinae) from China, with Molecular Phylogenetic Inferences. Insects 12[J]: 1089.https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12121089.
    [2] Young, D. K. 1996. Evidence supporting an extensive new synonymy for Pseudopyrochroa basalis (Pic) (Coleoptera: Pyrochroidae: Pyrochroinae), with description of the mature larva and redescription of the adult. Oriental Insects 30[J]: 237−250
    [3] Young, D. K. , Y. Hsiao, W. -R. Liang, and C. -F. Lee. (2016). Descriptions of the mature larvae for two species of Pseudopyrochroa from Taiwan (Coleoptera: Pyrochroidae: Pyrochroinae), with notes on their natural history. Zootaxa 4061 (5)[J]: 585−595.https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4061.5.8
    [4] Young, D. K. , D. A. Pollock, and D. Telnov. (2020). Family Pyrochroidae, p. 565−569. In Iwan, D. and I. Löbl, eds. Catalogue of Palearctic Coleoptera[M]. Volume 5.
    [5] Zhan, Z. -H. , Y. -C. Liu, and D. K. Young. (2022). Descriptions of the mature larva and pupa of Pseudopyrochroa facialis (Fairmaire) from Southwest China (Coleoptera: Pyrochroidae: Pyrochroinae), with redescriptions of adult stages and notes on natural history. Zootaxa 5125 (3)[J]: 313−324.
    [6] Young, D. K. (1991) Pyrochroidae. In: Stehr, F. W. (Ed. ), Immature Insects. Vol. II. Kendall/Hunt Publ. Co. , Dubuque [M]. pp. 541–544.
    [7] Young, D. K. (2000) Five new species of Pseudopyrochroa (Coleoptera: Pyrochroidae: Pyrochroinae) from Taiwan. Oriental Insects, 34[J], 245–262.https://doi.org/10.1080/00305316.2000.10417265
    [8] Young, D. K. (1975). A revision of the family Pyrochroidae (Coleoptera: Heteromera) for North America based on the larvae, pupae and adults. Contributions of the American Entomological Institute 11 (3)[J]: 1−39.
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A newly Recorded Genus Pseudopyrochora Pic (Coleoptera: Pyrochroidae: Pyrochroinae) in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China

doi: 10.12172/202211200001
  • Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA. 53701
  • Corresponding author: zzhan8@wisc.edu

Abstract: During field trips of spring 2022, some larvae of Pyrochroidae were found and collected from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The species association was confirmed by rearing larvae into adult stage and identified as Pseudopyrochroa depressa Pic, 1914. This species was first recorded in Chinese mainland, while the genus was first recorded from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. In this paper, the morphology of adults and larvae of Pseudopyrochroa depressa Pic was described again, and its natural life history and behavioral information were supplemented.

  • 伪赤翅甲属(Pseudopyrochroa) 隶属鞘翅目(Coleoptera) 赤翅甲科(Pyrochroidae), 目前东洋界与古北界约记录70种[1-3]。截至目前中国共记录约20种[3-4]。尽管伪赤翅甲属是赤翅甲科中物种最丰富的类群,现有关于对其的分类学研究依然较为匮乏,仅有6种伪赤翅甲幼虫形态被描述[5]。伪赤翅甲幼虫主要生活在自然死亡的原木树皮下,并以被真菌分解的木屑为食。故研究赤翅甲幼虫,尤其是伪赤翅甲幼虫的习性对了解其在生态系统中的作用提供了宝贵的资料。本研究报道了采自广西的凹角伪赤翅甲(Pseudopyrochora depressa Pic, 1914),并描述了其成虫、幼虫形态和老熟幼虫的自然生活史与成虫交配的行为学信息。

    • 标本处理:本文成虫样本使用75%乙醇泡杀,制成干制标本并由昆虫针进行固定;幼虫样本使用沸水泡杀,并泡入80%乙醇溶液保存。

      图片处理:标本整体图、活体生活史图使用佳能 R5 无反相机与佳能RF 100 mm f2.8 IS USM镜头进行拍摄。图片后期处理及图片排版均采用Adobe Photoshop 2020软件进行处理。

      幼虫描述选用Young 1991分类系统[6],成虫形态描述选用Young 2000 分类系统 [7]。所有检视标本均保存于第一作者的个人收藏。检视标本信息格式如下:(第一标签):中国:广西壮族自治区:对应的采集地点:采集人;(第二标签):属+种名,鉴定人姓名;其中物种学名均为拉丁文,字体为Times New Roman,12。

    2.   形态描述 (Descriptions)
    • Pseudopyrochroa Pic, 1906 伪赤翅甲属

      Pseudopyrochroa depressa Pic, 1914 凹角伪赤翅甲

      样本检视:8♂♂, 10♀♀ 中国:广西壮族自治区:金秀县,大瑶山1200 m,2022—I—12~14 刘晏辰采;Pseudopyrochroa depressa Pic 鉴定人:詹志鸿&刘晏辰

      形态描述

      成虫:雄性(Figure 1, 3):身形纤细,体表覆盖一层较密的短黑色鳞毛。头部后侧,前胸背板,小盾片与胸足为黑色,鞘翅表面呈褐色。

      头部:复眼面积较大,复眼周围与口器呈明显的褐色。头部表面粗糙,着一层较短但明显的黑色鳞毛。头部中央明显向内凹陷,具1枚三角形状凸起的头角。触角柄节无明显膨大,呈棍状,梗节较短,长度仅为柄节的1/3;触角鞭节末端明显膨大,且表面粗糙,具明显的黑色短鳞毛。

      前胸背板:前胸背板为黑色,末端略呈褐色;表面粗糙且具黑色短鳞毛。前胸背板前端圆润呈半圆形,两侧略向内凹陷。

      胸足与盾片:胸足为黑色,表面着密集的刻点状凹坑并具较短的黑色鳞毛。小盾片较大,整体呈倒三角形前端宽度约为末端的2倍。

      鞘翅:鞘翅呈褐色,质地柔软,完整覆盖住腹部。鞘翅表面具较长的琥珀色鳞毛。鞘翅前端较纤细,宽度约为头部与胸部的1.5倍;后段明显膨大,宽度约为头部与胸部的1.8—2倍。

      雌性(Figure 2):体略大于雄性,但头部无明显的角状凸起或明显凹陷,且触角鞭节末端不纤细,每节鞭节长度几乎等长。

      幼虫(Figure 4—8):体狭长。头部、臀板骨化呈橘黄色;胸部、腹部柔软呈琥珀色,体表具明显的金色短鳞毛。

      头部:中度骨化,形状扁平。上颚不对称,右侧上颚内齿前端具1枚明显的短粗齿突,上颚内侧较光滑;左侧前端无明显的齿突结构,且在上颚内侧中部具1枚明显的点状凸起。触角三节,表面具明显密集的短刚毛。头部后呈圆润,宽度明显大于前端。

      胸部:柔软无骨化。胸部第1节呈梯形,几乎与头部后侧等宽;胸部第2节呈三角形,前端向内凹陷;第3节前端圆润,后端略宽,呈半圆形。胸足较短,表面具较短琥珀色鳞毛。

      腹部:除臀板外体柔软,无骨化,每个体节具1对气门。腹部第1节较狭窄,第2—8节几乎等宽。腹部1—8节两侧具较长的琥珀色鳞毛。腹部第8节腹面末端具25—30枚小齿。腹部第9节高度骨化,形成一枚叉状的臀板结构。臀板表面粗糙,具明显的刻点状凸起。臀板两侧各具1枚狭长,圆润的凸起。臀板末端的臀叉基部较宽,末端略向内凹陷,两枚臀叉形状笔直,无明显弯曲。臀板中间的2枚臀坑狭窄,呈点状凸起。

      成虫体长:9.8—10.5 mm (雄); 9.6—12.3 mm (雌)

      幼虫体长:20.2—26.5 mm

      蛹长:9.8—12.6mm

      地理分布:台湾省台南市(模式产地);广西壮族自治区金秀县大瑶山(新记录

      词源学:种名“depressa”一词描述雄虫头部的凹坑明显向内凹陷;中文学名“凹角”一词描述雄虫除明显凹陷的特征,还具1枚明显的头角。

    3.   自然史观察 (Natural History Observation)
    • 栖息地(Figure A):凹角伪赤翅甲幼虫栖息在倒下,已经中度腐朽的朽木树皮下。绝大部分幼虫生活在与土壤接触的微环境中。

      幼虫(Figure B—D):与目前已知的伪赤翅甲属幼虫习性类似,凹角伪赤翅甲幼虫主要以被真菌分解的朽木屑为食。在实验室环境下,终龄幼虫期约为20~30d。老熟的幼虫会在木屑中制造一个约比自身大2~3倍,圆形的蛹室,随后进入预蛹阶段。预蛹期约为3~5d,此时的幼虫丧失活动功能,但能根据刺激扭动身体。

      蛹(Figure E):凹角伪赤翅甲的蛹期约为12~16d。前期的蛹通体呈淡黄色,后期逐渐为琥珀色。在羽化前1~2d,蛹的头部、胸部呈黑色,且腹部两侧出现规则的黑色斑块。

      成虫:凹角伪赤翅甲的成虫寿命约为14~20d。成虫具完整的口器,但很少观察到进食情况。在实验室环境下,当雄虫与雌虫相遇时,双方都会快速摆动触角。但并没有观察到交配成功的现象,即便雄虫强行与雌虫交配,也会被拒绝。这可能是因为雄虫体内缺少斑蝥素的缘故。根据此前关于赤翅甲科的行为学研究表明,雄性需要捕食芫菁以获得斑蝥素,并在交配过程中传递给雌虫。雌虫在产卵时将斑蝥素涂抹在卵的表面,给卵提供保护[8]

      Figure 1.  Adult male of Pseudopyrochroa depressa, dorsal view

Reference (8)

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