Analysis of Space Utilization Characteristics of Human Activities and Giant Pandas(Ailuropoda melanoleuca) in Wolong Nature Reserve
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摘要: 目前，关于野生动物与人类的空间共存机制主要存在3种假设模式：即毗邻但空间不重叠；共享局域空间，但活动区域分开；共存在小尺度空间。明确人类与野生动物的空间利用模式，能为野生动物的保护管理提出科学参考依据。为此，本研究利用红外相机在卧龙自然保护区大熊猫（Ailuropoda melanoleuca）的集中分布区域同时监测大熊猫及人类活动，通过分析大熊猫和人类活动的空间分布特征，探讨大熊猫与人类的共存机制。结果表明：（1）研究初期（2011.11-2013.04）人类活动月相对丰富度较低，此时该区域内监测到的大熊猫月相对丰富度较高。但从2013年5月起人类活动强度骤增且此后一直稳定在较高水平，导致大熊猫的月相对丰富度急剧降低。（2）虽然在关键的限制性因子（如水源等）的利用上大熊猫与人类活动的区域存在重叠，但总体而言，人类活动频繁出现的区域大熊猫的出现频次明显减少。结合人类与野生动物共存的3种机制分析得出大熊猫与人类活动之间的共存模式为共享局域空间，但活动区域分开。人类活动在一定程度上制约着野生动物的生存和发展，保护区应全面考虑人类干扰活动对大熊猫的影响，制定可持续发展的政策，同时，减少人类与大熊猫对空间和资源的竞争。Abstract: There were three main hypotheses of spatial coexistence between wild animals and human beings, which were co-existence at regional scale, co-existence at intermediate scale and co-existence at fine scale. Identifying the space utilization mode of humans and wild animals could provide scientific reference for the protection and management of wild animals. Therefore, infrared cameras were used to monitor the activities of giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) and human activities in the centralized distribution area of giant pandas in Wolong Nature Reserve. The coexistence mechanism between giant panda and humans was discussed by analyzing the spatial distribution characteristics of giant pandas and human activities. The results showed that (1) at the beginning of the study (2011.11-2013.04), the monthly relative abundance of human activities was relatively low, while the monthly relative abundance of giant pandas detected in this region was relatively high. However, since May 2013, the intensity of human activities increased sharply and stably at a high level, which resulted in a sharp decrease in the monthly relative abundance of giant pandas. (2) Although the use of key limiting factors (such as water sources) led to the overlaps of giant pandas and human activities, in general, the occurrence frequency of giant pandas significantly reduced in regions where human activities frequently occurred. Based on analysis of the three mechanisms of human and wildlife coexistence, the coexistence mode was co-existence at intermediate scale between giant pandas and human activities. Human activities restricted the survival and development of wild animals to a certain extent. The management department should fully consider the impact of human disturbance activities on giant pandas, formulate policies for sustainable development, meanwhile, reduce competition for space and resources between humans and giant pandas.
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