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白及(Bletilla striata)属兰科白及属植物,药用价值较高[1]。具有抗菌、促进伤口愈合、抗肿瘤、止血、抗溃疡、抗氧化、抗病毒等作用[2]。白及主要分布于我国的安徽、湖北、贵州、广西、四川、云南等省,除我国之外,白及在全球分布较少,仅种植于朝鲜半岛、日本、缅甸等[3-4]。由于白及的药用价值较高,白及的人工培养逐渐普及。但人工种植环境单一导致白及的病害大量发生,湿度过高利于病原菌繁殖,并通过昆虫、空气等加以传播[5]。常见的病害有黑斑病、根腐病及叶斑病等,已报道的病害中,腐皮镰刀菌(Fusarium fujikuroi)[6]、禾谷镰刀菌(Fusarium asiaticum)[7]会引发白及叶斑病,腐皮镰刀菌(Fusarium fujikuroi)[8]也可引起白及黑斑病,尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)[9]可引起白及根腐病,灰葡萄孢霉(Botrytis cinerea) [10]可引起白及叶斑灰霉病。目前对于四川白及叶枯病少有人报道,因此研究从四川白及叶枯病植株上分离纯化病原菌,并依据形态学与分子生物学对菌株进行鉴定,并对病原菌进行回接试验,从而为白及的生物防治提供理论参考。
Isolation, Identification and Pathogenicity of Pathogens of Bletilla Striata Leaf Blight
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摘要: 为明确白及叶枯病病原菌种类,对白及叶枯病病原进行分离、纯化及rDNA-ITS序列分析鉴定其种属,并将纯化病原菌回接于白及植株,评价其致病性。结果表明,从白及患病样品上共分离6株真菌,其中有三株镰刀菌,分别为角化镰刀菌(Fusarium keratoplasticum )、尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)、木贼镰刀菌(Fusarium equiseti);一株曲霉菌,为日本曲霉(Aspergillus japonicus);一株灰霉,为灰葡萄孢霉(Botrytis cinerea);一株毛霉,为易脆毛霉(Mucor fragilis)。经致病性测定,发现上述6株真菌对白及均有致病性。Abstract: In order to clarify the pathogenic bacteria species of leaf blight of Bletilla Striata, the pathogen was isolated and purified, and its species were identified by rDNA-ITS sequence analysis, the purified pathogen was grafted to the plant and evaluated its pathogenicity. The results showed that a total of 6 fungi strains were isolated from the B. striata sample. Among them were three Fusarium strains, included F. keratoplasticum, F. oxysporum and F. equiseti. A strain of Aspergillus japonicus; A strain of Botrytis cinerea; A strain of Mucor fragilis. According to the pathogenicity test, it was found that the above 6 strains of fungi were all pathogenic.
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Key words:
- Bletilla Striata;
- leaf blight;
- pathogen identification;
- pathogenicity
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