Abstract: Biodiversity conservation is a global ecological problem. The previous concept was that human activities were the main reason for the sharp decline of biodiversity, so the protection of ecological environment was accelerated worldwide. However, at present, many forests, grasslands and natural resources were over-protected, not resulting in increased biodiversity with the strengthening of environmental protection. In order to study the effects of disturbance on species diversity, the experiments of artificial disturbance were designed under different illumination conditions. The effects of uninhabited and moderate disturbance on species diversity and plant biomass under different illumination conditions were studied by using Margalef richness index, Sinmpson index, Shannon-Winener index and Pielou evenness index, and the effects of uninhabited and moderate disturbance were also researched on species diversity and plant biomass under different illumination conditions, which provided basis for the strategy of biodiversity conservation. The results showed that the number and distribution characteristics of species were affected by different intensity of human disturbance and illumination. The species diversity of human disturbance quadrats was higher than that of non-human disturbance quadrats, and the number of species in moderate disturbance quadrats was more than that in mild disturbance quadrats. The number of species in illuminated plots was higher than that in shaded plots. Light intensity and human disturbance had an effect on the existing biomass of the ground, and the influence of light intensity was greater than that of human disturbance.