Abstract: In order to further explore the phenomenon that female flowers of spikes of walnuts produced more flowers and fruits and the special germplasm resources of Sichuan walnut were excavated, Studies were made of excellent resources of spikes of walnuts in early stage, the growth and development characteristics of female flower buds of spikes of walnuts by use of morphological comparison, paraffin section and electron microscope scanning.The results showed that:(1)Female flower buds were clustered or scattered, HSLH formed string fruits, HSZML, CTYM and SQLG formed spike-like fruits.(2) HSZML had the largest female flower buds and apical buds, while SQLG had the smallest female flower buds and apical buds.(3) In early March, female flower buds began to germinate and the apex of growth points was raised, HSZML, CTYM and SQLG differentiated into pistil primordia in different directions. In early May, the growth points grew upward and differentiated into multiple leaf primordia. The top growth points of CTYM and SQLG gradually elongated to form the primordium of female inflorescence. In late July, CTYM and SQLG continued to elongate. In early October, four primordia of female inflorescence were differentiated from HSLH and SQLG, and three primordia of female inflorescence were differentiated from HSZML and CTYM.