Abstract: The Cunninghamia lanceolata and Cryptomeria fortunei plantations were chosen as the research object in the Longmen Moutains.The physical and chemical properties of two plantations were analyzed and compared and principal component analysis (PCA) methods topsoil (0~10 cm) were used to evaluate the soil fertility.The results showed that the soil samples were acidic.The contents of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,available nitrogen and available potassium were all significantly different betwee the two types of plantations (p<0.05).The total nitrogen and available nitrogen were high in the two plantations,according to the Second National Soil Nutrient Classification Standard in China.Total nitrogen and available nitrogen in the Cr.fortunei plantations were respectively 2.3 and 2.4 times higher than those in the Cu.lanceolata plantations.The content of soil organic matter in the two forests showed moderate level,while soil organic matter in the Cr.fortunei plantations were 2.3 times higher than that in Cu.lanceolata plantations.Available potassium,total potassium and total phosphorus in the two forests were at low level.The soil quality index of Cu.lanceolata plantations and Cr.fortunei plantations was -0.434 and 0.866,respectively,which suggested that soil fertility of Cr.fortunei plantations was higher than that of Cu.lanceolataplantations.