Abstract: Analysis was made of the population distribution pattern of Caltha dysosmoides, aiming to provide data for the protection and exploitation. A survey was conducted arourd patrolling point of Beichuan bamboo ditch protection station (E104°13'20.2″, N32°13'9.5″). During the investigation, 9 plots were set, and there were 796 plants in 174 groves of Caltha dysosmoidea, which were divided into 20 samples by equidistant sampling method, and with variance/mean ratio method, the population distribution pattern of the Caltha dysosmoidea was analysied. The results showed that the 1-a, 1-d, 2-b, 2-c, 2-d, 2-e, 2-f, 4-a, 5-a, 6-a, 6-b, 7-a, 7-b, 8-a, 9-a were clump distribution in 20 samples, and the 1-b, 1-c, 2-a, 2-g, 7-c were uniformly distributions.