Abstract: Thie niche is an important research object of ecology. Niche breadth,niche overlap and niche similarity are used as important indicators to measure the relationship between niche species. Dry river valley areas belong to fragile ecosystems and particularly serious degradated regions,and their vegetation restoration is very difficult. Evaluation of different resources and environmental adaptability of shrub populations in the arid valley area and competitive relationship between ecology and species similarity among populations of shrub can be used to screen out pioneer species in favor of the restoration of vegetation in arid valleys. Then niche width of native shrubs is selected and supplemented with their small populations or similar niche overlap than small populations of associated species in ovder to reduce interspecific competition,which is conducive to the formation of a stable community,and ultimately achieving the purpose of the vegetation recovery.