Abstract: In this paper,taking the young seedlings of Olea europea as experimental materials potted in the greenhouse,the tests of the drought stress were made at the seedling stage,the determination was made of plant height, proline content, Malondialdehyde (MDA) content, the total soluble protein, soluble sugar content,superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity, peroxidase(POD) activity and catalase (CAT) activity. The result showed that after a simulated drought stress, the tree height and chlorophyll content(CC), proline content,total soluble protein and SOD contents had no remarkable change,and the contents of soluble sugar,CAT, MDA and POD rose gradually. It could be concluded that the growth of Olea europea seedlings were negatively influenced by different degree of drought stress,but the protective enzyme system and osmatic adjustment substance could adjust themselves to avoid the drought damage,thus young seedlings had some tolerant ability to drought conditions.