Abstract: In this paper,researches were made on the characteristics of soil actinomycetes in the vertical distribution mountain belts of Mabian County by use of microbial plate culture method and counting method. The results showed that soil actinomycetes decreased with the increase of soil depth; different forest types had an evident difference in soil actinomycetes; the amount of soil actinomycetes would first increase and then decrease with the increasing altitude. Meanwhile, the total number of actinomycetes in different forest vegetation varied widely during the rainy and dry seasons, the largest trends appeared in the rainy season and the minimum trends happened in the dry season, and their difference was significant.