Abstract: Rare and endangered wild plants,being an important component of biological diversity,have become one of the hot issues for conservation biology. In this study,based on the information from published literatures and the specimen records mainly from the Chinese Virtual Herbarium, a detailed study was made of the population quanties, the current situation, and geographic distribution characteristics of 33 rare endangered species in Sichuan province. Besides,based on the threat analysis of population decline, some protedion measures were proposed for the purpose of improving sustainable use of wild plant resources and the conservation of the biodiversity.