Abstract: Under-forest economy, a new ecological protective path derived from the reformation of collective rights forest, has become one of the mainstreams of modern forest industry development. It is also recognized as the efficient and organic combination of ecological forest and farming forest. In this article, studies are made of the current situation of under-forest economy and analysis is made of the difficulties and problems,and then some recommendations are put forward about the promotion of under-forest economy development in Qiannan Prefecture.