Abstract: The field investigation and laboratory analysis were made of the resource of Camellia polyodonta in Ya'an. The results showed that there were 34 455 individuals of Camellia polyodonta distributed in the survey area of 236.1 hm². But its production was low because of the extensive management. Based on the germplasm resource investigations of Camellia polyodonta in this area, three high quality individuals including Yahong 11, Yahong 15 and Yahong 17 were sifted through preliminary, repeated and final selection. Their fresh fruit weight ranged from 62.31 g~81.37 g; the fruit yield of unit crown area was 2.5 kg·m^-2~3.0 kg·m^-2; the fresh and dry seed-producing rates were 41.34%~43.17% and 25.14%~26.76% respectively; the dry seed had 73.88%~76.54% of kernel rates; the oil extraction rate in the kernel was 30.58%~32.46%. All indicants of excellent tree had reached the selection criteria of national plus tree of C. Oleifera. According to local resource advantage, some suggestions were put forward for the protection and sustainable utilization of Camellia polyodonta resources.