Abstract: Acer pentaphyllum was a rare and endangered wild plant endemic to Sichuan Province, China, and the basic research was relatively weak. Acer pentaphyllum in Jiulong County (JL), Sanyagong in Jiulong County (SG), Muli County (ML), Yajiang County (YJ) and Kangding County (KD) in Sichuan were used as materials, and the characteristics of fruit traits were analyzed using the method of morphological observation. The main results were as follows: (1) Based on the average coefficient of variation of Acer pentaphyllum fruit in five regions, the diversity of fruit traits was the most abundant in JL and that in KD was relatively low. (2) The seed color of Acer pentaphyllum Group was mainly pale yellow, and the surface of the two wings was triangular, with the inclusion angles ranging between 48°~153°. (3) Fruit height, fruit width and inclusion angle could be used as key indexes to study the diffusion characteristics of Acer pentaphylla. (4) The clustering results showed that Acer pentaphylla in five regions of Sichuan Province was geographically clustered into four categories.