Abstract: The monitoring of waterbird diversity is an important foundation for the scientific protection and management of wetland ecosystems. A fixed line method was used to investigate the species diversity of waterbirds in Nanchong section of Jialing River from December 2022 to February 2023. A total of 32 species of waterbirds were recorded, belonging to 7 orders and 10 families, with 10 species of wading birds and 21 species of swimming birds. Among these species, there was one species of national second-class protected birds and three species of provincial protected birds. There were 25 winter migratory birds, 5 resident birds, one summer migratory bird and one traveler. In terms of fauna, all winter waterbirds were divided into 24 species in the Palearctic Realm, 6 species in the Widespread Realm and 2 species in the Oriental Realm. The dominant species were Eastern Spot-billed Duck (Anas zonorhyncha) and Gadwall (Mareca strepera), which accounted for 25.69% of the total number of observed waterbirds. Through correlation analysis, the interference intensity was significantly negatively correlated with the diversity index of wading birds (r=0.614, P<0.05), the floodplain area was significantly positively correlated with wading bird species (r=0.708, P<0.01), and the floodplain area was also significantly positively correlated with the diversity of wading birds (r=0.757, P<0.05).