Abstract: The identification and analysis of “production, living and ecological spaces” is an important part of the improvement of human environment and optimization of land space development nowadays. Due to the limitation of physical and geographical conditions, the incremental space for construction and development in hilly areas was limited, so the efficient use of land resources and the coordination and integration of “production, living and ecological spaces” need urgent attention. Based on the spatial identification and analysis of “production, living and ecological spaces”, this paper aimed to reflect the remaining problems of regional spatial layout in hilly areas under the national development policy and enhanced land use efficiency. Taking Renshou County as an example, the spatial functional classification system of “production, living and ecological spaces” was constructed, and then the distribution of land for “production, living and ecological spaces” in the county in 2020 was analyzed by adopting the methods of spatial Lorenz curve, Gini coefficient, degree of equilibrium, and degree of dominance. The conclusion of the study showed that the spatial distribution of main production space in Renshou County was absolutely average, and the distribution of main ecological space was relatively average. The distribution of balanced space was relatively reasonable, while the distribution of main living space in various townships of the county was disparate. There was a certain correlation between “production, living and ecological spaces” land use pattern and topographic factors. Finally, corresponding countermeasures and suggestions were put forward from the perspective of layout optimization of various types of “production, living and ecological spaces”.