Abstract: Taking 5-year-old Camellia reticulata seedlings as objects, effects of different fertilization treatments on their vegetative growth were discussed. A total of 19 treatments with different mineral elements, elements ratio and fertilization amount were designed, and the vegetative indexes including the height, crown area, ground diameter, leaves size of trees, the amount, length, diameter, internode length of spring shoot, and the amount of yellow leaves, autumn shoot, diseased leaves and shoots were measured. The growth rate and disease incidence were calculated, and the effects of different treatments were comprehensively and quantitatively scored. The result showed that single application of 50 g nitrogen fertilizer per square meter crown area could promoted the tree growth effectively, while adverse effects were appeared under the treatment of 100 g and 150 g nitrogen application per square meter crown area. Under the condition of nitrogen deficiency, the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers could not promote tree growth. With the application of compound fertilizer containing 15% nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium respectively, Camellia reticulata grew normally in the early stage, but leaves became yellow gradually after autumn. The application of 50 g compound fertilizer with the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of 9∶1∶4 per square meter crown area had the best promotion effect on the growth of Camellia reticulata, and the nitrogen poisoning reaction occurs when the application amount increased to 150 g. In addition, there was no dramatically effect with magnesium application treatment. In conclusion, in March and July, 50 g·m⁻² compound fertilizer with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 9∶1∶4 was the best, followed by the application of compound fertilizer with each 15% content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium respectively.