Abstract: China has a vast territory, spanning 6 climate zones and covering 8 main vegetation types, with extremely rich plant diversity and germplasm resources. The launch of the construction of Beijing and Guangzhou National Botanical Gardens indicates that the construction of China’s national botanical garden has entered a substantive stage. However, the development of modern botanical gardens in China started relatively late, and there is still a significant gap compared with foreign botanical gardens. Based on the analysis of the current situation of botanical gardens in China, it is proposed that botanical gardens should be divided into “national-regional-city” three levels according to the existing classification standards as soon as possible. On the basis of clarifying the orientation and characteristics of botanical gardens at all levels, reasonable additions or expansions should be made in the form of “main garden+satellite garden”, so that the functions of the three levels of botanical gardens have their own emphasis. At the same time, the government should play a good role in market supervision and regulation, improve relevant norms and standards, flexibly introduce social capital, and use the “PPP” model to promote the formation of a closed loop for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in botanical gardens, so as to form a botanical garden system with Chinese characteristics and multiple social values with the National Botanical Garden as the core.