Abstract: By comparing the changes of genetic correlation of cone traits, seed traits and seedling traits among Chinese fir semi-sib families, as well as the degree of genetic correlation between traits, the variation of seed and seedling tratis of Chinese fir at the family level was revealed, and the possibility of early selection of seedlings through seed and seedling traits was discussed. Using the cones of five half-sib families which were from the second-generation seed orchard of Gaoxian Yuejiang state-owned forest farm as materials, the cone diameter, cone length, cone quality, 1000-seed weight, germination rate, germination potential, seedling height, and ground diameter were measured with 10 replicates for each family, the relative heritability and genetic correlation coefficient between traits were estimated. The results showed that: (1) There were significant differences in cone diameter, cone length and cone quality, 1000-seed weight and average germination potential among the five families. The average germination rate of the five families was about 50%, and there is no significant difference. Therefore, when sowing, there was no need to set the sowing amount by family; (2) The average seedling height of all families was more than 21 cm, and the coefficient of variation of seedling height of four families reached or approached 20%, with significant differences among families. The average diameter of seedlings of all families was more than 5 mm, and the coefficient of variation of diameter of all families was more than 18%, which indicated that it was potential to select super seedlings. (3) The heritability of cone was above 0.9, and the heritability of seedling height and ground diameter were 0.81 and 0.64 respectively. The correlation heritability between cone traits and seedling traits was less than that of seedling traits, and the genetic correlation coefficient was not significant. Therefore, it was impossible to select seedlings by cone traits,