Abstract: Due to the impact of human activities, the habitat of species is rapidly lost and fragmented. Giant panda is the flagship species of biodiversity protection, which is seriously threatened by human interference. According to the fourth national giant panda survey results, grazing has become the most serious human disturbance factor in the giant panda habitat lost. In recent years, exploring the internal mechanism and scientific control measures of grazing on the habitat has also become a hot spot in the ecological research of giant pandas. This project was conducted from April to June 2022 in Meigu Dafengding National Nature Reserve, in the most severely grazed area, and the method of field investigation and microbial analysis was adopted to accurately assess the impact of grazing livestock on the soil quality of giant panda's staple food bamboo and forest habitat. The results showed that the height and diameter of bamboo in the quadrat used by livestock were lower than those in the quadrat used by giant pandas, and the number of dead bamboo was higher. Grazing increased the bulk density and pH of the soil under the forest, and reduced the soil moisture content, which may be one of the reasons for the death of bamboo. The research results are helpful to formulate reasonable protection and management strategies and provide scientific basis for solving the serious grazing problems in the giant panda habitat.oblems in the giant panda habitat.