Abstract: The Latitude and altitude are the most important environmental gradients that affect the distribution pattern of biodiversity. It is of practical significance to focus on the impact of latitude and altitude gradient on regional biodiversity protection,but there are few related studies at present. In biodiversity hotspot Gaoligong Mountains, bird species in Yaojiaping (25.94°N), Yaping (27.14°N) and Dulong (27.90°N) were surveyed by transect line method at 2000~2400 m a.s.l., species richness and Jaccard similarity index were used to analyze the distribution pattern of bird diversity on altitude and latitude gradients, and the effects altitude gradient and latitude gradient on bird diversity were compared. The results showed that: (1) On the latitude gradient, the bird species number in lowest latitude Yaojiaping was the highest, and the Jaccard similarity index of bird species among the three sites was quite low, and the similarity between Yaojiaping and Yaping in low latitude was higher; (2) On altitude gradient, the peak of bird species richness in Yaojiaping, Yaping and Dulongjiang occured at 2200 m , 2400 m and 2300 m respectively, the Jaccard similarity index of bird species among different altitude segments were quite low in each of the three sites; (3) The Jaccard similarity index on the latitude gradient was similar with that on the altitude gradient. The results showed that the Jaccard similarity index of bird communities in the altitude and latitude spatial gradient of Gaoligong Mountain was low, and the composition of bird communities in the whole region was very different. Therefore, the protection policy need to consider multiple regions and habitats in order to achieve better biodiversity protection. In addition, the change of bird community composition in 100 m altitude gradient in this area was equivalent to 1 latitude gradient, which confirmed the geographical law of climate and environment change in latitude and altitude gradient.