Abstract: Community structure characteristics can reflect the stability, development and renewal trends of community within a certain spatial range. Based on the investigation and analysis of the community species diversity, diameter class structure characteristics and population distribution patterns in the typical sample plots in the south Taihang Mountains, it was found that the highest important value of P. chinensis in the tree layer of the survey area was 59.20, which became the dominant species in the area. The diameter class structure of P. chinensis population and the community structure of the entire survey area showed a typical inverted “J” type, which belong to the population growth type, that is, the community had stronger self-renewal ability, and P. chinensis was stronger. The dominant species such as P. chinensis and Quercus variabilis in the survey area showed an aggregate distribution, while other tree species were randomly distributed. The mean variance ratio (v/m) and aggregation index (Ci) of P. chinensis were as high as 262.37 and 261.37, respectively, which was the highest among all tree species in this investigation area. The results indicated that P. chinensis had higher self-renewal ability and stronger adaptability than other tree species, so a deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest with P. chinensis as the main dominant species was formed in the South Taihang Mountains.