Abstract: To clarify the effects of exponential fertilization on the growth and biomass of hybrid Salix matsudana × alba seedlings can provide a basis for the seedlings cultivation. Taking the cutting seedlings of one-year-old hybrid S. matsudana × alba as the research object, the pot experiment method was adopted, and six treatments including control (CK), conventional fertilization (CF) and exponential fertilization (EF1, EF2, EF3, EF4) were set up. Each fertilization interval was 30 days and fertilization was applied five times in total. The seedling height and ground diameter of the seedlings were measured every 30 days. After the growth, the biomass was measured. The results showed that under different fertilization treatments, the seedling height and ground diameter growth of S. matsudana × alba were quite different, and the seedling height growth of EF2 treatment was the largest, which was 36.40% higher than that of CF treatment. The ground diameter growth of EF1 treatment was the largest, which was 21.63% higher than that of CF treatment. The biomass of EF treatment was significantly higher than that of CF and CK, and EF2 treatment was the best. Compared with CK treatment, the biomass of whole plant, aboveground part and belowground part increased by 96.86%, 84.31% and 157.60%, respectively. In conclusion, the exponential fertilization with nitrogen application rate of 3.0 g per plant and multi-component compound fertilizer of 19.99 g per plant were suitable fertilization methods for the cultivation of one-year-old hybrid S. matsudana × alba.