Abstract: In order to explore the relationship between wall spontaneous plants and environmental factors, and realize the application of wall spontaneous plants in vertical greening, taking the downtown of Chengdu city as an example, the species composition of wall spontaneous plants and the relationship between wall spontaneous plants and environmental factors such as humidity, slope and altitude was investigated and analyzed, and the wall spontaneous plants suitable for vertical greening were screened out. Then six typical plant configuration modes in vertical greening were established. The results showed that there were 84 species of wall spontaneous plants belonging to 71 genera and 40 families in the walls of Chengdu central urban area, among which Compositae, Urticaceae and Grasses were the most species. Among the 12 wall environmental factors selected, 6 environmental factors such as humidity and slope, had significant effects on the spatial distribution of plants. Among the spontaneous plants on the wall, some plants such as Arthraxon hispidus, Corydalis edulis and Anemone hupehensis, etc. were highly ornamental, so these wall spontaneous plants can be selected according to the characteristics of different wall environments for model plant configuration.