Abstract: Litsea pungens Hemsl. is a unique spice plant in South China. In order to better exploit Litsea pungens resources, the essential oil from the fruit of Litsea pungens （LPO） was extracted by steam distillation （SD） method, and the components were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. The antifungal effect of LPO on Colletotrichumz fructicola and Fusarium oxysporum was determined by inhibition zone method. The results showed that the yield of essential oil extracted by SD method was 1.6%, and 19 components were identified, accounting for 98.8% of the total essential oil. Among them, citral （30.10%）, limonene （29.20%）, linalool （6.45%） and eucalyptus （5.65%） were the monoterpenes and monoterpenes with the highest content. The antifungal activity of LPO against F. oxysporum was better than that of C. fructicola, and the inhibition rate of mycelium growth was 100% at 20 mg·mL⁻¹. In conclusion, the LPO is rich in terpenoids, has good antifungal activity, and has the potential to be developed as a biological pesticide.