Abstract: Using the rhizomes of Aucklandia costus Falc. produced in Sichuan Province as raw materials and limonene as extraction solvent, costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone were extracted by ultrasonic cell disruption assisted extraction method. Effects of liquid-solid ratio, ultrasonic power, cavitation time, buffer time, and ultrasonic time on the yield of costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone were investigated by the quantitative method of high performance liquid chromatography. The best extraction conditions were as follows: under the ultrasonic power 350 W, ultrasonic time 40 min, the ratio of limonene to Radix Aucklandiae was 25 mL·g⁻¹, the cavitation time was 1.5 s, and the buffer time was 2.0 s. Ultrasonic cell disruption assisted extraction method had the advantages of high efficiency, energy saving, and environmental protection.