Abstract: In order to explore the initial law of plant species diversity restoration after one year’s transformation of typical vegetation, Salix paraplesia shrubbery and Picea asperata forest, in Huangtuliang corridor of giant panda, the community survey of S. paraplesia shrubbery and P. asperata forest before and after transformation was carried out by sampling method, and the differences of species composition and diversity between them were compared and analyzed. The results are as follows: (1) After one year’s transformation, fast-growing and shade-tolerant herbs increased obviously, and planted broad-leaved tree seedlings and F. denudata grew slowly, maintaining lower coverage and abundance; (2) The total richness of shrubs and herbs in the community increased by 77.27%, 13.89%, and 22.23%, respectively in the clear-cutting shrub zone, the thinning spruce forest and the spruce forest gap plot; (3) After one year’s transformation, the species richness index, Shannon-Winer index, and Simpson index of shrubs and herbs in the S. paraplesia shrubbery and P. asperata forest were on the rise. It will take a longer time for S. paraplesia shrubbery and P. asperata forest to restore, so as to fully improve the species diversity and restore the ecological functions of giant panda staple bamboo and the habitat.