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陈俊华, 牟皓, 谢天资, 等. 川中丘陵区人工柏木林不同间伐强度下枯落物层和土壤层的水文效应[J]. 四川林业科技, 2020, 41(6): 8−14. DOI: 10.12172/202009240002
引用本文: 陈俊华, 牟皓, 谢天资, 等. 川中丘陵区人工柏木林不同间伐强度下枯落物层和土壤层的水文效应[J]. 四川林业科技, 2020, 41(6): 8−14. DOI: 10.12172/202009240002
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Chen J H, Mou H, Xie T Z, et al. Hydrological effects of litter layer and soil layer in Cupressus funebris plantation under different thinning intensities in hilly area of central Sichuan[J]. Journal of Sichuan Forestry Science and Technology, 2020, 41(6): 8−14. DOI: 10.12172/202009240002
Citation: Chen J H, Mou H, Xie T Z, et al. Hydrological effects of litter layer and soil layer in Cupressus funebris plantation under different thinning intensities in hilly area of central Sichuan[J]. Journal of Sichuan Forestry Science and Technology, 2020, 41(6): 8−14. DOI: 10.12172/202009240002
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川中丘陵区人工柏木林不同间伐强度下枯落物层和土壤层的水文效应

Hydrological Effects of Litter Layer and Soil Layer in Cupressus funebris Plantation under Different Thinning Intensities in Hilly Area of Central Sichuan

    摘要
  • 摘要: 适宜的林分结构有利于提高林分的生态经济功能。开展川中丘陵区柏木（Cupressus funebris）人工林的抚育间伐试验，比较不同间伐强度下枯落物层和土壤层的水文效应，探讨水土保持的最适间伐强度，为该区域的人工柏木林可持续经营、管理提供科学依据。2007年选取35~40年，郁闭度≥0.8，林下灌木盖度≤20%，草本盖度≤30%的人工柏木林，采用随机区组方法，设置4种间伐强度（I: 10%~15%，II: 16~25%、III：26~35%和对照CK（不间伐）。2019年实地取样分析，计算土壤容重、毛管孔隙度、总孔隙度、最大吸持贮水量、饱和贮水量和枯落物蓄积量、自然含水率、最大持水量、最大持水率、最大拦蓄量、有效拦蓄量等水文效应指标以及枯落物持水、吸水动态过程模拟。（1）间伐后，枯落物蓄积量明显增加。间伐强度I、II和III总枯落物蓄积量分别是CK的1.24倍、1.78倍和2.38倍。枯落物持水性能也明显增加，间伐强度III的最大持水量和有效拦蓄量分别是CK的3.73倍和2.59倍。除间伐强度II与CK差异不显著外（P>0.05），其余处理间差异显著（P<0.05）。（2）枯落物层持水量随浸泡时间的变化遵循对数函数W=a–b×ln(t+c)，R2>0.95，吸水量随浸泡时间的变化遵循幂函数V=mtn，R2>0.80，拟合效果较好。（3）不同间伐强度下的土壤容重均明显低于CK。间伐强度III土壤毛管孔隙度最大（35.30±2.60%），最小的是对照（28.19±1.29%）。0~30 cm土壤最大吸持水量在间伐强度III为最大（105.90±2.60 mm），其次是II（103.07±3.01 mm），最小的是CK（84.58±1.29 mm）。不同间伐强度的饱和贮水量均高于CK。间伐强度I、II和III土壤0~30 cm饱和贮水量分别是CK的1.09倍、1.21倍和1.27倍。综合土壤层和枯落物层的水文效应，间伐强度III，即保留株数1700株·hm−2~2100株·hm−2为最适宜强度，3种间伐强度下的林分水文性能均优于CK，说明间伐对林地水文性能的提高具有积极作用。

     

    Abstract: The suitable stand structure is beneficial for improving the ecological and economic functions of the stands. In order to provide scientific basis for sustainable management of Cupressus funebris plantation in hilly area of central Sichuan, hydrological effects of litter layer and soil layer under different thinning intensity were compared, and the optimal thinning intensity of soil and water conservation was discussed. In 2007, Cupressus funebris plantations with 35−40 year-old, canopy density ≥0.8, understory shrub coverage ≤20% and herb coverage ≤30% were selected, and three thinning intensities (I: 10%−15%, II: 16−25%, III: 26−35%) and CK (no thinning) were set by random block method. Based on the field sampling in 2019, the hydrological effect indexes such as soil bulk density, capillary porosity, total porosity, maximum water holding capacity, saturated water storage capacity and litter volume, natural moisture content, maximum water holding capacity, maximum water holding capacity, maximum retaining capacity and effective retaining capacity, as well as dynamic process simulation of litter water holding and water absorption were analyzed and caculated. The results showed that: (1) After thinning, the litter volume increased significantly. The total litter volume of thinning intensity I, II and III was 1.24, 1.78 and 2.38 times of CK, respectively. The maximum water holding capacity and effective storage capacity of thinning intensity III were 3.73 and 2.59 times of CK, respectively. Except thinning intensity II and CK, there were significant differences among other treatments (P < 0.05). (2) The variation of water holding capacity of litter layer with soaking time followed the logarithmic function W=a−b×ln(t+c), R2>0.95, and the variation of water absorption with soaking time followed the power function V=mtn, R2>0.80. (3) The soil bulk density under different thinning intensities was significantly lower than that of CK. The soil capillary porosity of thinning intensity III was the largest (35.30±2.60%) and the control was the smallest (28.19±1.29%). The maximum water holding capacity of 0−30 cm soil was the highest in thinning intensity III (105.90±2.60 mm), followed by II (103.07±3.01 mm), and the smallest was CK (84.58±1.29 mm). The saturated water storage of different thinning intensities was higher than that of CK. The 0−30 cm soil saturated water storage of thinning intensity I, II and III was 1.09, 1.21 and 1.27 times of CK, respectively. Considering the hydrological effects of soil layer and litter layer, thinning intensity III, i.e. the number of trees reserved from 1700 indv. ·hm−2 to 2100 indv·hm−2, was the best optimum thinning intensity. The hydrological performance of the three thinning intensities was better than that of CK, indicating that thinning had a positive effect for improving the hydrological performance of forest stand.

     

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