Abstract: Different site conditions (altitude, temperature and soil) determine the variety, scale and management technology of Zanthoxylum bungeanum. At present, Zanthoxylum bungeanum mainly grows at an altitude of 1 400−2 500 m, and red pepper (Dahongpao and Zhenglu pepper) is the dominant variety in Xide county. The changes of altitude and soil layer thickness have great influence on the yield of Zanthoxylum bungeanum. With the increase of altitude, the yield will gradually decrease. When the altitude is higher than 2 600 m, although the growth of Zanthoxylum bungeanum is greatly affected by extreme climate, the thicker the soil layer is, the better for the growth of Zanthoxylum bungeanum.