Abstract: Rhododendron oligocarpum is one of the characteristic species of Rhododendron shrub clusters on the top of Mount. Fanjing in Guizhou Province, and it is the key species of that constitutes the scenic spot of the Rhododendron corridor in Mount. Fanjing. The species composition, species diversity, and community structure of Rhododendron oligocarpum in Mount Fanjing were studied by conventional community ecology investigation. The results showed that there were 27 species of vascular plants belonging to 25 genera and 15 families in the 600 m² sampled plot, and the important value of Rhododendron oligocarpum was the highest in shrub layer. The species diversity analysis showed that community diversity index was low, the dominant species were obvious and the distribution of species was random in the shrub layer, the species were few and the distribution was more uniform in the herbaceous layer. The vertical structure of the community was simple, with a height of 3 to 3.5 meters, and the vertical structure of the community was stable.