Abstract: Based on literature collection, arrangement and analysis of Orchidaceae plants resources in Liziping National Nature Reserve of Sichuan province, there were totally 70 species of Orchidaceae plants belonging to 30 genus in the reserve, mainly terrestrial orchids, and there were many rare and endangered species. The floristic types of the genus were mainly tropical and temperate components, which had the characteristics of floristic transition from typical tropical components to temperate components, and temperate components were dominant. There were many Chinese endemic species. The field survey results showed that 26 species found in the survey were mainly distributed in the low and medium altitude regions below the elevation of 3500 m, and the number of species first increased and then decreased with the elevation, reaching the highest peak at the elevation of 2000~2500 m, There were various types of human disturbances in the reserve, including the traffic, grazing, herb collecting, and the effects of the traffic and grazing were the greatest on Orchichadaea plants. Based on the survey results, some corresponding measures and suggestions on the protection were also put forward.