Abstract: The investigation of composition and distribution dynamics of animal community in bamboo forests are important indicators for analyzing the ecosystems in the bamboo forest. The contents of heavy metals in the soil of bamboo forest in Chishui and Muchuan are quite different. In order to study the effect of heavy metals in the soil on the population density of bamboo insects, a systematic survey was conducted on the two common species of bamboo (Neosinocalamus affinis and Dendrocalamus affinis) in Danan town, Leshan city, Sichuan province and Datong town, Chishui city, Guizhou province. The results showed that: In Danan town of Muchuan, Neosinocalamus affinis community belonged to 16 orders, 68 families and 103 species; Dendrocalamus affinis community belonged to 6 classes, 18 orders, 70 families and 100 species; In Datong town of Chishui, Neosinocalamus affinis community belonged to 5 classes, 19 orders, 70 families, 121 species; Dendrocalamus affinis community belonged to 5 classes, 18 orders, 71 families and 106 species. Neosinocalamus affinis and Dendrocalamus affinis in Muchuan, Neosinocalamus affinis and Dendrocalamus affinis in Chishui had respectively 77.67%, 77.00%, 80.99%, and 78.30% rare or occasional species. The Neosinocalamus affinis group of Muchuan mainly consisted of Araneae, Orthoptera, Diptera, and Hemipteran. The Dendrocalamus affinis group of Muchuan was dominated by Araneae, Orthoptera, Diptera and Lepidoptera. The main species were Arachnid, Orthoptera, Coleoptera, and Hemiptera in The Neosinocalamus affinis group of Chishui, and the species of Dendrocalamus affinis group of Chishui were dominated by Orthoptera, Arachnida, Coleoptera, and Hemiptera. The abundance and species diversity of vegetative groups of the four communities were the highest. Neosinocalamus affinis and Dendrocalamus affinis in Chishui were higher in community richness, species diversity, and evenness than Neosinocalamus affinis and Dendrocalamus affinis in Leshan, but the dominant concentration of Chishui bamboo was lower than that of Muchuan bamboo.