Abstract: In order to analyze the characteristics and stock of Paeonia decomposita resources in Sichuan, the current distribution patterns of Sichuan Paeonia decomposita resources were investigated. The results showed that Sichuan Paeonia decomposita were distributed in the Dadu River basin and the upper reaches of the Minjiang River in the Qionglai Mountain range and the Daxueshan Mountain range and they mainly grew on the northeast slope, southwest slope, occasionally on the north slope and east slope. They were often distributed in patches or scattered, and at an altitude of 1 946~2 988 m, the optimum altitudes were 2 200~2 600 m. They were often found in prickly shrubs such as wild pepper, Berberis chrysantha, witch hazel and so on, but rarely in forests. The soil was mainly mountainous yellow soil and mountainous brown soil, weakly acidic, loose and permeable, with good drainage. The parent rock was granite. In areas with small canopy density and high soil humidity, the natural regeneration ability was strong.