Abstract: Picea brachytyla is an endemic species in China, and it is protected as a vulnerable plant in China with high comprehensive utilization values. The line transect and quadrat methods were used to conduct a comprehensive investigation on P. brachytyla resources in the Jiuzhaigou Region, and to analyze characteristics of hatitat environment and vegetation growth status. The results showed that P. brachytyla resources were distributed all over Jiuzhaigou, mainly at the altitude of 2 200−2 600 above sea level. The mature forest is the main natural stand of P. brachytyla, occupying 64.04%. Very few natural regeneration seedlings were found, which indicated that P. brachytyla community in Jiuzhaigou was in the decline period and lacked natural regeneration capacity. The habitat soil was mainly acid soil, with the content of total N and P, available P and K ranging from 1.78 to 4.45 g·kg⁻¹, 0.46−1.16 g·kg⁻¹, 4.56−12.35 mg·kg⁻¹, and 84.40−105.60 mg·kg⁻¹ respectively. A total of 17 species of understory plants were found, belonging to 13 genera and 10 families. Athyrium filix-femina plants constituted the background of herbaceous plants, and dwarf shrubs with strong negative tolerance such as Viburnum plants and Bashania fangiana constituted the low shrub groups, and higher shrubs such as Rhododendron lapponicum were also the common shrub plants in understory. The mixed tree layer of P. brachytyla was relatively complex, mainly including five categories: Abies fabri, Picea asperata, Betula plants, Acer plants and other broad-leaved trees. Among the mixed stands, the composition of P. brachytyla was more than 70%, and the accumulation was more than 90%. Comprehensive analysis indicated that the artificial genetic conservation and promotion of P. brachytyla in Jiuzhaigou region should be carried out, so as to realize the sustainable development and utilization of P. brachytyla resources.