Abstract: In order to explore the effects of artificial restoration and natural restoration on soil enzyme activity and soil fertility of highway slopes in southwest mountainous areas, field sampling and laboratory experimental analysis were conducted. In the study areas, eight points were selected and treated by use of different restoration modes. The maximum difference of urease activity by use of different restoration modes had a positive feedback effect on urease activity at most sampling sites by use of natural restoration modes. By use of the natural recovery mode, the urease activity of most sampling sites had a positive feedback effect. The phosphatase activity by use of artificial restoration was lower than that by use of natural restoration. Compared with the other four soil enzyme activities, catalase activity was less affected by different restoration methods. There was a significant correlation between soil fertility indicators and soil enzyme activity by use of any restoration mode. By use of the artificial restoration mode, the negative correlation between eight soil fertility factors and soil enzyme activity was more obvious than the positive correlation. By use of the natural restoration mode, except that the correlation between total potassium and nitrate factors and soil enzyme activity was small, the correlation between other factors was large. Total potassium had a negative correlation with soil enzyme activity, while the other environmental factors had a positive correlation with soil enzyme activity.