Abstract: To cultivate strong seedlings for the afforestation in the barren mountains of Panzhihua,, the water and fertilizer control experiment was conducted to discuss the impact on seedlings of Toona ciliata var.pubescens. The results showed that water and fertilizer control significantly promoted the growth of seedlings. The response of the seedlings to the combination of water and fertilizer control experiments was different. There was no significant difference in seedling height and crown width under different treatments of water and fertilizer control. But there were significant differences in the seedling ground diameter between fertilization frequency and interaction of fertilization and irrigation frequency, of which fertilization frequency had the greatest impact, followed by interaction between fertilizer frequency and irrigation frequency. The best combination was fertilization and irrigation once a week.