Abstract: The technology of solvent-free microwave-assisted extraction (SFME) was compared with hydrodistillation (HD) by the extraction of volatile oils from the Sichuan Cinnamomum pedunculatum leaves, and the GC-MS technology was used in separation and identification of the main constituents. The percentage of the individual volatile component was calculated by the normalization method of peak area. And the conclusions showed that the main components of the volatile oils were similar, nevertheless the yield of the individual constituent was different by the two extraction methods; solvent-free microwave-assisted extraction (SFME) was a more efficiency extraction technology compared with the HD, especially in the extraction time (40 min versus 200 min) and the yield of volatile oils (6.50 mL·kg^-1 versus 5.46 mL·kg^-1). SFME had the characteristics of efficiency, low cost and no pollution,and it should be widely generalized in the practical application.