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川贝母栽培技术初步研究

A Preliminary Study of Cultivation Techniques for Fritillaria cirrhosa

  • 摘要: 川贝母生产周期长,管理困难,本文着重就其栽培过程中的几个主要环节进行技术总结。(1)用种子繁殖进行生产可以迅速扩大鳞茎数量。但1 a~2 a生鳞茎较小,建立高质量的保护地对种子繁殖是必不可少的条件,包括基质筛选,温、湿度的控制等,能克服大田播种中广种薄收的不足。(2)利用川贝母生长地中禾本科杂草与川贝母在生长周期上的差异,用黑膜覆盖的方法进行除草可以大大地减少人工除草的工作量和对鳞茎的伤害,并能有效保证土壤良好的团粒结构性状,促进川贝母在翌年的生长。(3)全面而及时的肥分供应是川贝母在生长后期增产的重要因素,除了在传统基础上施用农家肥外,还要配以氮、磷、钾肥的施用,特别是钾肥施用将对川贝母的生产起着举足轻重的作用。

     

    Abstract: It was a long term to complete a production cycle of Fritillaria cirrhosa and the management was challenging. Techniques in several key links of the cultivation process were summarized in this paper. Firstly, seed propagation could help to obtain a large quantity of bulbs rapidly. High-quality protective seed spot was necessary because of the small size of 1-2-year-old bulbs. Seed spot providing proper medium, temperature and humidity could avoid low success rate in field seed propagation. Secondly, taking advantage of the difference of growth cycle between Gramineae and Fritillaria cirrhosa, weed control by black film covering could save labor and reduce harm to bulbs, resulting in well structured soil and promoted the growth next year. Thirdly, a comprehensive and prompt supply of fertilizers was important to the yield. The applying of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, especially the last one' was indispensable.

     

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